Construction and Identification of a Goat Pox Virus Transfer Vector to Express Peste des Petits Ruminants H gene

[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.

Public perceptions about the emerging human monkey pox disease and vaccination in twin cities of Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

Background:The monkey pox virus is caused by monkey pox(MPX),which is similar to both smallpox and cowpox.Near tropical rain forests,it usually occurs in isolated communities in Central and West Africa.The monkey pox virus,a member of the family Poxviridae and belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.Close contact with infected animals,sick people,or contaminated inanimate things can cause the virus to spread to humans.The illness typically takes 7 to 14 days to incubate and is characterized by fever,headache,lethargy,myalgia,generalized body pains,lymph node swelling,and skin lesions.Given the variety of illnesses that can result in skin rashes,it could be challenging to differentiate monkey pox solely based on clinical presentation,particularly for patients with an uncommon look.Objective:The main objective of the study is to evaluate public perceptions regarding the emerging human monkey pox disease and vaccination.Methods:The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design.The sample size was 472 participants;however,10 questionnaires were excluded because of invalid data.The 462 questionnaires were included by expert validation from the general public of Rawalpindi and Islamabad,Pakistan.The data were analyzed using Chi-squared tests.Results:This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 Sep to 15 Oct 2022.The participants’perceptions,knowledge,and attitudes were collected via a 24-item-based questionnaire survey.The survey was based on 462 participants,196(42.4%)were females,and 266(57.6%)were males.The results reveal that out of 462 participants,clinical symptoms of monkey pox disease 82.7%(382),complications of monkey pox disease 81.2%(375),lymphadenopathy(swollen lymph nodes)is one clinical feature that could be used to differentiate between monkey pox and smallpox 81.2%(375)and monkey pox is common in Western and Central Africa 24.2%(112).Furthermore,the majority of participants(P≤0.05)agreed that health officials should start a vaccination campaign to combat monkey pox.Regarding preventive measures and vaccination campaigns,health officials should take public preventive measures 79.7%(368)and health officials start a vaccination campaign against monkey pox disease 56.3%(260).Conclusion:There was a significant difference seen in the public perception regarding monkey pox preventive measures and vaccination.The International health authorities must take priority-based preventative measures to prevent the spread of monkey pox disease around the world.

Addressing poxvirus challenges in the Middle East to enhance biosafety and biosecurity measures

The emergence and zoonotic transmission of poxviruses in the Middle East have been recognized as complex public health issues.Poxviruses,a vast family of DNA viruses,can infect many hosts,including animals and humans.The Middle East has had multiple epidemics of poxvirus infections(e.g.,Monkeypox,Smallpox,and Camelpox)that have raised concerns owing to their detrimental effects on livestock,wildlife,and sporadic human cases.This review aims to thoroughly examine the complexity of the epidemiological patterns,intricate genetic diversity,and several contributing factors that support the emergence and zoonotic transmission of poxviruses in the Middle East.Several aspects of poxviruses contribute to the emergence of endemics and zoonotic breakouts,such as the complex nature of human-animal interactions,environmental changes,and their subtle capacity for viral adaptability.This review was compiled in the hopes of contributing to the current understanding of poxvirus biology and its implications for human and animal health in the Middle East.We provide a comprehensive overview of the most common poxviruses in the Middle East,including their classification,structure,replication cycle,pathogenesis,route of transmissions,and of how the Middle East has developed ways to mitigate these biological threats.

山羊痘病毒036(gtpv-036)基因的克隆及序列分析

为研究山羊痘病毒036(gtpv-036)基因的生物学特征,试验利用PCR法扩增gtpv-036基因,经NdeΙ、XhoΙ双酶切后与PET 42b同源重组构建其原核表达载体,并用菌液PCR和测序鉴定,测序结果进行生物信息学分析,预测其蛋白生物学特性。结果表明:成功构建原核表达载体PET 42b-gtpv-036,测序结果显示036基因大小为285 bp,与山羊痘gtpvIsolateIndia等参考株系同源性为97.9%~100%,遗传进化树表明其与gtpv处于同一分支,亲源关系最近,测序比对发现其基因有2个碱基发生了突变,推测氨基酸序列:从第37位和95位异亮氨酸密码子是“ATA”分别突变成异亮氨酸氨酸“ATT”和天冬氨酸氨酸“CTA”;预测山羊痘病036蛋白亚细胞定位在细胞质;蛋白信号肽的剪切位点位于第23和24号氨基酸之间;蛋白磷酸化位点有10个;蛋白二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,其次β-折叠,三级结构以α-螺旋为主,推测山羊痘病gtpv-036蛋白功能可能是巯基氧化酶。这为制备山羊痘病毒疫苗研究和为研发新型药物提供理论基础。

口蹄疫病毒重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗和DNA疫苗免疫牛的试验研究

将本课题组构建的共表达FMDV衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A基因以及蛋白酶3C基因的重组鸡痘病毒活载体疫苗vUTAL3CP1以及共表达P1-2A和猪白介素18基因的重组DNA疫苗(pVIRIL18P1),分别以单独及混合的共3种方式接种牛,然后通过间接ELISA、中和试验和T淋巴细胞增殖试验评价其诱导的特异性体液和细胞免疫水平。结果表明这2种基因工程疫苗均能诱导牛产生特异性的体液及细胞免疫应答。其中重组鸡痘病毒vUTAL3CP1免疫组以及联合免疫组(vUTAL3CP1/pVIRIL18P1,pVIRIL18P1/vUTAL3CP1)诱导的中和抗体滴度分别达到1∶64、1∶64和1∶54,已接近于常规灭活疫苗水平(1∶90),而特异性的T淋巴细胞增殖反应则比后者高得多(P<0.01)。该研究结果为进一步进行免疫攻毒试验,并最终筛选出最佳疫苗和免疫程序奠定了基础。

vUTAL3CP1重组载体疫苗与pVIRIL18P1 DNA疫苗在猪体内的免疫原性研究

目的评价本课题组构建的共表达FMDV衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A基因以及免疫辅助基因的重组鸡痘病毒vUTAL3CP1和重组DNA疫苗pVIRIL18P1在猪体内诱导特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫的能力。方法将上述2种疫苗采用4种不同的组合方式单独或联合给猪进行肌肉注射,用ELISA方法和中和实验检测猪产生的抗体水平,T淋巴细胞增殖反应、CTL反应以及T淋巴细胞亚类。结果这2种基因工程疫苗均能诱导猪产生特异性的体液及细胞免疫应答。其中单独免疫组vUTAL3CP1/vUTAL3CP1的效果最好,其诱导的抗体水平已接近于常规灭活疫苗,而细胞免疫水平则比后者高得多。联合免疫组中vUTAL3CP1/pVIRIL18P1可以诱导比vUTAL3CP1/vUTAL3CP1更高的CTL杀伤活性,但体液免疫水平略低。结论证实了这2种基因工程疫苗在猪体内均有良好的免疫原性。同时初步筛选出vUTAL3CP1/vUTAL3CP1和pVIRIL18P1/vUTAL3CP1组等较佳的免疫策略,为下一步的攻毒保护试验奠定了基础。

山羊痘病毒NM株的分离鉴定

从内蒙古牛场疑似山羊痘病毒感染的病羊中分离到1株病毒,命名为NM株。取病羊的皮肤痘疹和水疱作病料样品,分别接种BHK-21传代细胞和10日龄SPF鸡胚。结果表明,BHK-21细胞出现了明显的、规律的细胞病变,鸡胚接种部位出现了明显的痘斑;NM株细胞毒和胚毒均能够被山羊痘病毒阳性血清所抑制。利用1对山羊痘病毒特异性检测引物对NM株病毒进行PCR扩增,获得445bp片段,与预期大小一致。将扩增产物提纯后克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切鉴定正确后,对阳性克隆株进行序列测定,结果表明,NM株的基因片段与已发表的山羊痘病毒毒株的相应基因片段具有高度同源性,同源性在99.2%～100%之间。