Test of English for International Communication(TOEIC),as a system for English assessment,was developed by Educa⁃tional Testing Service(ETS)and it is used by government institutions and multinational enterprises to as...Test of English for International Communication(TOEIC),as a system for English assessment,was developed by Educa⁃tional Testing Service(ETS)and it is used by government institutions and multinational enterprises to assess the daily English com⁃munication ability of the people who are not native English speakers.The scores of the TOEIC test are divided into four levels,with level A B C D in descending order.This thesis fully analyzes TOEIC from the perspectives of validity,reliability and practicality so as to draw a conclusion that TOEIC is reasonably valid,reliable and practical in real application and TOEIC as an effective way to enhance whether their employees command the basic ability in commercial communication.展开更多
The majority of the population in developing countries have limited access to clean energy. <span>To increase access to clean energy, the governments and other stakeholders have been working hard to create enabl...The majority of the population in developing countries have limited access to clean energy. <span>To increase access to clean energy, the governments and other stakeholders have been working hard to create enabling environments for their adoption and utilization. For the household cooking sector, technological innovations such as improved biomass fuels, improved biomass cookstove, solar cooking, biogas and recently bottled gas service have been or are being deployed to scale up clean cooking. </span><span "=""><span>Nevertheless, a good number of the </span><span>innovations intended for upscaling clean cooking in developing countries</span><span> have failed to meet the desired goals due to limited support from the national governments or the international community. Pay-Go is among the recent innovations in the East African region intended for promoting the use of bottled </span><span>gas (liquefied petroleum gas-LPG). This study evaluates the practicality of</span> <span>Pay-Go innovation on bottled gas, popularly known as Pay-as-you-Cook.</span><span> Specifically, the article examines the evolution of Pay-as-you-Cook, its execu</span><span>tion, usefulness and challenges;and its implications on household energy</span><span> sector development. The study was conducted in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between 2018 and 2020. The study used both qualitative </span><span>and quantitative approaches. Purposive and non-random sampling tech</span><span>niques were used in selecting respondents. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants while snowball sampling was used to find house</span><span>hold respondents. Information was gathered from KopaGas (Pay-as-you-Cook</span><span> innovator) headquarter-Kinondoni Morocco;and from Pay-as-you-Cook clients in Kinondoni Moscow, Mkwajuni and Hananasif. Methods of data collection involved semi-structured interviews and observation. Instruments of data collection included interview guides and observation checklists. Data </span><span>analysis was accomplished with Nvivo 12. Findings show that Pay-as-you-Cook</span><span> innovation was intended for promoting bottled gas adoption mainly to low-income households. The innovation was discovered to be convenient to many low-</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>income households as it enabled them to use bottled gas for cooking without necessarily climbing the economic ladder. Yet, the innovation presents several challenges which are doubtful to its practicality.</span>展开更多
Began from early 1992, Chongqing Power Supply Bureau had spent 3 and half years to build up a power load management system consisting of I master station, 6 relay stations, 1280 terminals and the distributed monitorin...Began from early 1992, Chongqing Power Supply Bureau had spent 3 and half years to build up a power load management system consisting of I master station, 6 relay stations, 1280 terminals and the distributed monitoring device. This system distributes in the hilly and mountainous areas where geographically complicated and the load widely scatters, it can supervise about 72% load and curtail more than 15% load展开更多
文摘Test of English for International Communication(TOEIC),as a system for English assessment,was developed by Educa⁃tional Testing Service(ETS)and it is used by government institutions and multinational enterprises to assess the daily English com⁃munication ability of the people who are not native English speakers.The scores of the TOEIC test are divided into four levels,with level A B C D in descending order.This thesis fully analyzes TOEIC from the perspectives of validity,reliability and practicality so as to draw a conclusion that TOEIC is reasonably valid,reliable and practical in real application and TOEIC as an effective way to enhance whether their employees command the basic ability in commercial communication.
文摘The majority of the population in developing countries have limited access to clean energy. <span>To increase access to clean energy, the governments and other stakeholders have been working hard to create enabling environments for their adoption and utilization. For the household cooking sector, technological innovations such as improved biomass fuels, improved biomass cookstove, solar cooking, biogas and recently bottled gas service have been or are being deployed to scale up clean cooking. </span><span "=""><span>Nevertheless, a good number of the </span><span>innovations intended for upscaling clean cooking in developing countries</span><span> have failed to meet the desired goals due to limited support from the national governments or the international community. Pay-Go is among the recent innovations in the East African region intended for promoting the use of bottled </span><span>gas (liquefied petroleum gas-LPG). This study evaluates the practicality of</span> <span>Pay-Go innovation on bottled gas, popularly known as Pay-as-you-Cook.</span><span> Specifically, the article examines the evolution of Pay-as-you-Cook, its execu</span><span>tion, usefulness and challenges;and its implications on household energy</span><span> sector development. The study was conducted in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between 2018 and 2020. The study used both qualitative </span><span>and quantitative approaches. Purposive and non-random sampling tech</span><span>niques were used in selecting respondents. Purposive sampling was used to identify key informants while snowball sampling was used to find house</span><span>hold respondents. Information was gathered from KopaGas (Pay-as-you-Cook</span><span> innovator) headquarter-Kinondoni Morocco;and from Pay-as-you-Cook clients in Kinondoni Moscow, Mkwajuni and Hananasif. Methods of data collection involved semi-structured interviews and observation. Instruments of data collection included interview guides and observation checklists. Data </span><span>analysis was accomplished with Nvivo 12. Findings show that Pay-as-you-Cook</span><span> innovation was intended for promoting bottled gas adoption mainly to low-income households. The innovation was discovered to be convenient to many low-</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>income households as it enabled them to use bottled gas for cooking without necessarily climbing the economic ladder. Yet, the innovation presents several challenges which are doubtful to its practicality.</span>
文摘Began from early 1992, Chongqing Power Supply Bureau had spent 3 and half years to build up a power load management system consisting of I master station, 6 relay stations, 1280 terminals and the distributed monitoring device. This system distributes in the hilly and mountainous areas where geographically complicated and the load widely scatters, it can supervise about 72% load and curtail more than 15% load
