Pragmatically Aligned

The relationship between China and South Africa will enter into an unprecedented year of development starting the first day of 2018 when the two countries celebrate the 20th anni versary of diplomatic ties. South Africa. as Africa＇s largest economy, not only success- fully hosted the Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC） in December 2015, but also has actively aligned itself with the Belt and Road Initiative. Moreover,

Effectiveness of an amino acid beverage formulation in diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome:A pragmatic real-world study

BACKGROUND Amino-acid based medical foods have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of drug induced gastrointestinal side effects;particularly,diarrhea-predominant symptoms.Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a gastrointestinal disorder that affects up to 9% of people globally,with diarrhea predominant IBS(IBS-D)being the most prevalent subtype.Further trials are needed to explore potential added benefits when integrated into standard care for IBS-D.AIM To assess the effectiveness of an amino acid-based medical food as an adjunct to standard of care for adults with IBS-D.METHODS This is a pragmatic,real world,open label,single arm study comparing a 2-week baseline assessment to a 2-week intervention period.One hundred adults,aged 18 to 65 years,with IBS-D,according to Rome IV criteria,were enrolled after completing a 2-week baseline assessment period and received a 2-week supply of an amino acid based medical food which was consumed at home twice daily on top of their standard of care.The primary outcome was an assessment of tolerability after 2-weeks of consumption,while secondary outcomes included changes in stool consistency(Bristol Stool Form Scale),severity of abdominal pain&discomfort,symptoms of urgency,Global Improvement Survey(GIS),and the IBS severity scoring system(IBS-SSS).RESULTS The test product was well-tolerated as each participant successfully completed the full 14-day trial,and there were no instances of dropouts or discontinuation of the study product reported.Forty percent of participants achieved a 50% or more reduction in the number of days with type 6-7 bowel movements(IBS-D stool consistency responders).Fifty-three percent of participants achieved a clinically meaningful reduction of 30% in mean weekly pain scores,and 55%experienced the same for mean weekly discomfort scores(IBS-D pain and discomfort responders).Participants experienced a mean-109.4(95% confidence interval:-130.1,-88.8)point reduction on the IBS-SSS and 52% experienced a minimally clinically important difference of>95 points.An IBS-SSS category shift from severe to moderate or mild occurred in 69% of participants.For functional symptoms,76% of participants reported symptom relief on the GIS.CONCLUSION The amino acid-based medical food was well-tolerated,when added to the standard of care,and demonstrated improvements in both overall IBS symptom severity and IBS-D symptoms within just 2 wk.

Application of evidence-based medicine methods in integrative oncology research

To present the advances of evidence-based medicine and clinical research methodology in integrative oncology,we conducted a literature review of real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in cancer care and summarized the available evidence.Pragmatic randomized controlled trials(pRCTs)and clinical registry studies are becoming more popular as they could compensate for the limitations of RCTs.Many RCTs of TCM for cancer treatment as well as systematic reviews have been published.The most investigated therapies are based on acupuncture,Chinese herbal compounds,and Chinese patent medicines.Acupuncture has a significant advantage in relieving cancer-related symptoms.Published studies focus more on improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators.However,the patient's quality of life deserves more attention.

Exploration of Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failures in English Interpretation and Their Solutions

From the perspective of international market development and international cultural exchange,English is the main applied language,especially in most western countries.With the deepening of global economic integration and international trade,cultural collisions are becoming increasingly frequent,and interpretation in different languages is inevitably required.However,interpretation does not only mean transfer language,it also involves culture.In the practice of interpretation,some errors arise from the lack of cross-cultural awareness,which becomes pragmatic errors.Therefore,this article will mainly discuss cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation with some examples and specific solutions.Firstly,it will introduce what pragmatic failures are and typical types of failures,clarify the relationship between English interpretation and pragmatic failures,and then elaborate on representative cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation.Finally,it will summarize the reasons and solutions that lead to cross-cultural pragmatic failures in English interpretation,putting forward corresponding suggestions for reducing cross-cultural pragmatic failures.

Theoretical Transplantation into Translation Studies——An Analysis on the Pragmatic Application of Hofstede’s

The deepening process of globalization has given rise to restless cultural exchanges among people from different regions of the world through newspapers,books,and other written media.However,the significant differences in languages and cultures have become an insurmountable gap in intercultural communication.To lubricate cultural exchanges,new translation theories that focus on the transformation of different cultural concepts shall be introduced and adopted.This paper aims to extract applicable notions from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for pragmatic translation studies by laying emphasis on its pragmatic value through case study.By such theoretical transplantation,valuable suggestions are proposed to tackle cultural misunderstandings and conflicts encountered amid cultural exchanges.

翻译中的语用和语义关系

This paper deals with the relations of pragmatic and semantic issues arising from translation,analyses the misunderstandings of some culture bound words and expressions and then calls for the application of sociopragmatics in translation. [

国外语用学研究综述——基于Journal of Pragmatics(2005-2014)的统计分析

一、引言 20世纪70年代,一些语言学家看到Chomsky形式句法理论的缺陷和不足,开始在语言研究中重视对语言意义的研究。随着研究的深入,他们越来越意识到对意义的阐释离不开语境,这便为语用学研究开辟了道路。虽然语用学作为一门学科的历史并不很长,但发展却是十分迅速的。

从语境顺应论看新闻语言的模糊语

Verschueren在《语用学新解》(Understanding pragmatics)一书中提出了语境顺应。语境关系顺应是指语言使用过程中的语言选择必须与语境顺应。Verschueren把语境划分为交际语境和语言语境。

Taking Stock of Grammar-Translation Teaching Method in Developing Intercultural Pragmatic Competence

Grammar-translation teaching method(GTTM as a shorthand below) has long been a buzzword when it is adopted in the class of English as a foreign language.It has been universally acknowledged that such teaching method contradicts the development of communicative language competence advocated in recent decades.However,I positively argue that GTTM in English class,as a comparative and intercultural model,should be given a due reconsideration to improve L2 learners' pragmatic competence.

The Interaction between the Cooperate Principle and the Politeness Principle in Pragmatics

The Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle are the main contents of pragmatics. This paper the writer makes a systematic exposition of what are the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle and how they interact with each other in people’s conversations. .

The Pragmatic Analysis of English Euphemism

In daily communication, English euphemism is both a common linguistic and cultural phenomenon. In general, those disgusting, terrifying and unpleasant facts can be covered and those defacing, embarrassing things can be hidden by the use of euphemism. The originality of this paper lies in the study of English euphemism from the perspective of pragmatics. It discusses some fundamental knowledge and the pragmatic functions of English euphemism.

近十年国外语用学研究综述——对Journal of Pragmatics十年(2005—2014)所刊文章的统计分析

文章首先对Journal of Pragmatics(2005—2014年)所刊文章进行了全面的统计描述;其次从实证研究和非实证研究的角度统计分析了十年来该期刊所有的语用学文章;然后依据权威分类将语用学研究分为十三大类,即互动语用学、话语语用学、社会语用学、实验语用学、语料库语用学、认知语用学、语法与语用学、语用学与哲学、语言习得与语用学、跨文化语用学、网络语用学、翻译与语用学和文学语用学,并在此基础上对语用学文章进行了归类;最后细致梳理和综述了十三大类中十年发文量达到100以上的语用学研究文章。

The Application of Pragmatics in College English Teaching

The teaching of pragmatic knowledge is as important as those grammatical rules.It is very critical for a successful communication.An increasingly large number of English language teachers who possess a special interest in pragmatics begin to adopt the pragmatic teaching which aims at promoting students'communicative competence.In order to improve students' communicative ability,teachers must pay attention to the importance of pragmatics in teaching process.Only in this way can college students be trained to use language correctly and properly.

On News Language from the Perspective of Pragmatics——By Applying Adaption Theory

News is an important medium to transmit social information and reflect social reality. Its effects are irreplaceable and the news language which is a carrier to spread information is in fact influenced by many factors such as society, economy and culture. In order to exert its function to gain different social ends, the presentation of news language owns distinguishing features. This article starts from Verschueren's Adaption Theory to have the final conclusion that the adaption to the social, mental and physical world is the key element for the determination of the originality in news language.

《语用信度研究》评介

E.McC ready.2015.Reliability in Pragmatics.Oxford：Oxford University Press,304.一、引言语用信度（pragmatic reliability）是指会话双方在交际过程中由于会话策略的不同所产生的话语信任度。目前国内外很少有学者对语用信度展开专门的研究,类似研究主要集中在话语不确定性研究（Pym,2015）和语篇的语用混乱研究（Stemmer,2015）等方面。这些研究多集中在语言特例的批评性分析,

试论《周易》的语用观

《周易》的语用观有如下特色 :其一 ,从哲学的视角分析语言的功用 ,具有鲜明的思辨性 ;其二 ,在“人与语言的关系”而不仅仅是把语言作为一种交际工具这个超出一般语言论著命题范围的更大的范畴内对语言的功用进行考察 ,具有更大的涵盖性 ;其三 ,强调变化与发展 ,具有明显的辩证性。此外 ,作为一部哲学典籍 ,《周易》对语言的论述不全面也不系统 ,但对今天的语用研究却有积极的启迪意义。

Investigating L2 Request Strategies: A Case Study of Chinese English teachers' L2 Pragmatic Competence

Empirical descriptions of how the teacher performs requests in English can make them realize the importance of improving pragmatic competence, so that they could help students develop more native-like pragmatic behaviors and enhance cultural competence. This case study is to explore the pragmatic competence of a Chinese EFL teacher by investigating the patterns of realization strategies and the ways of reacting to the different social and contextual variables in her requests. It was found out that the teacher investigated in the study had good pragmatic awareness and pragmatic competence to produce the speech act of requests and develop students' pragmatic competence, but more explicit instructions should be provided to help students develop more native-like speech acts by providing more explicit instructions.

PRAGMATICS九年首文研究

通过PRAGMATICS九年首文的研究,中国语用学者获得了选题启示,探知了国际语用学界这一段时期的学术主流、学术原创性以及视角与方法,看出国际语用学界这一段时期的语用学发展史。另外,作者认为,“首文研究”本身具有方法论意义——工具性语用学研究。

Spoken Discourse Analysis

A number of approaches have been developed to analyze spoken discourse,based on different theoretical perspectives.Iwould classify the approaches into two categories according to their attitudes toward the nature of spoken discourse in this essay.The first group regards spoken discourse in a more static point of view,while the second one takes more consideration of the dynam-ic nature of it.

The Vagueness in Business English Interpretation and its Pragmatic Functions

In BE interpretation process, interpreters will inevitably encounter the fuzzy phenomenon when inputting and outputting the message and they will adopt some vague language to fulfill the communication task. The proper analysis of pragmatic function of vagueness in BE interpretation will contribute to the realization of business communication.