为探究草地早熟禾无融合生殖胚囊发育过程中基因表达谱的变化,本研究利用高通量Illu-mina Hiseq测序技术对‘清水’草地早熟禾无融合生殖子房发育的无孢子起始细胞发生时期(8DBA)和无孢子生殖胚囊发育时期(6DBA、4DBA和2DBA)共4个阶段...为探究草地早熟禾无融合生殖胚囊发育过程中基因表达谱的变化,本研究利用高通量Illu-mina Hiseq测序技术对‘清水’草地早熟禾无融合生殖子房发育的无孢子起始细胞发生时期(8DBA)和无孢子生殖胚囊发育时期(6DBA、4DBA和2DBA)共4个阶段的小穗进行转录组测序。结果显示,不同差异分组(2DBA vs 4DBA、2DBA vs6DBA和2DBA vs 8DBA)共有13575个DEGs,包括7191个上调基因和6384个下调基因。GO富集分析发现,3个差异分组的DEGs显著富集在过氧化氢的响应、蛋白质重折叠、营养水库活动、错误折叠蛋白结合和双糖生物合成等过程中。KEGG通路分析表明,3个差异分组的DEGs显著富集在代谢途径、次生代谢产物的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢及内质网中的蛋白加工等通路上,在2DBA vs 8DBA分组中发现植物激素信号转导途径的富集。4个时期占比最多的转录因子家族是NAC、AP2/ERF-ERF和MYB-related等。将在4个发育阶段特异性高表达的基因OPR1、ASN2、SAMS2、HSP81-2、PXG4和FPK2作为与‘清水’草地早熟禾无融合生殖胚囊发育相关的候选基因。qRTPCR分析表明,除WOX2在4DBA上调,与RNA-seq的表达存在差异外,其余16个DEGs的表达量变化趋势与高通量测序结果基本一致。展开更多
Valeriana officinalis L.is a plant from the Caprifoliaceae family,which is widely distributed in various parts of the world,especially in Europe and Asia.All species of Valeriana are distinguished by their ability to s...Valeriana officinalis L.is a plant from the Caprifoliaceae family,which is widely distributed in various parts of the world,especially in Europe and Asia.All species of Valeriana are distinguished by their ability to synthesize essen-tial oil,which has a powerful effect on the physiological and mental aspects of the human body.The aim was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil from valerian roots,collected in different coun-tries,using the gas chromatography method,and to establish marker compounds for valerian species.13 samples of commercial roots with rhizomes of V.officinalis from nine countries of the world and a sample of Valeriana pratensis and Valeriana stolonifera growing in Ukraine were selected for the study.The essential oil was obtained from dried valerian roots by the distillation method described in the European Pharmacopoeia.To determine the component composition of the essential oils of the selected samples,the methods of gas chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector and capillary gas chromatography were used.The commercial samples of V.offici-nalis from different countries yielded 0.21%–1.03%of essential oil.Only six of 13 samples contained essential oil in an amount that satisfies the requirement of the European Pharmacopoeia standard(not less than 4 mL/kg).150 compounds were identified in the essential oils of 13 samples of V.officinalis essential oils.The range and average content and coefficients of variation of the identified compounds were determined.The principal com-pounds of V.officinalis essential oils were bornyl acetate(1.6%–27.1%),valeranone(0.5%–17.9%),valerenal(0%–14.7%),camphene(0%–14.6%),α-fenchene(0%–10.6%),and valerenic acid(0%–8.5%).The samples of V.pratensis and V.stolonifera yielded rather high levels of essential oil(1.18%and 0.93%,respectively).Three chemotypes of V.officinalis samples were determined-bornyl acetate/valerenal,valeranone,and isovaleric acid.The composition of the three essential oils compared was rather similar.Based on the study results,we propose the following marker compounds for V.officinalis consistently present in all 16 examined samples:bornyl acetate(1.6%–27.1%),limonene(0.2–2.3),and valeranone(0.5%–17.9%).The study of samples from Ukraine indicates the prospects of using these species of the genus Valeriana with the aim of expanding the raw material base and creating potential herbal preparations with a sedative effect,which are extremely necessary for the population of the country in the war and post-war periods.展开更多
文摘为探究草地早熟禾无融合生殖胚囊发育过程中基因表达谱的变化,本研究利用高通量Illu-mina Hiseq测序技术对‘清水’草地早熟禾无融合生殖子房发育的无孢子起始细胞发生时期(8DBA)和无孢子生殖胚囊发育时期(6DBA、4DBA和2DBA)共4个阶段的小穗进行转录组测序。结果显示,不同差异分组(2DBA vs 4DBA、2DBA vs6DBA和2DBA vs 8DBA)共有13575个DEGs,包括7191个上调基因和6384个下调基因。GO富集分析发现,3个差异分组的DEGs显著富集在过氧化氢的响应、蛋白质重折叠、营养水库活动、错误折叠蛋白结合和双糖生物合成等过程中。KEGG通路分析表明,3个差异分组的DEGs显著富集在代谢途径、次生代谢产物的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢及内质网中的蛋白加工等通路上,在2DBA vs 8DBA分组中发现植物激素信号转导途径的富集。4个时期占比最多的转录因子家族是NAC、AP2/ERF-ERF和MYB-related等。将在4个发育阶段特异性高表达的基因OPR1、ASN2、SAMS2、HSP81-2、PXG4和FPK2作为与‘清水’草地早熟禾无融合生殖胚囊发育相关的候选基因。qRTPCR分析表明,除WOX2在4DBA上调,与RNA-seq的表达存在差异外,其余16个DEGs的表达量变化趋势与高通量测序结果基本一致。
基金supported by the European Union in the MSCA4Ukraine Project“Design and Development of 3D-Printed Medicines for Bioactive Materials of Ukrainian and Estonian Medicinal Plants Origin”(ID Number 1232466).
文摘Valeriana officinalis L.is a plant from the Caprifoliaceae family,which is widely distributed in various parts of the world,especially in Europe and Asia.All species of Valeriana are distinguished by their ability to synthesize essen-tial oil,which has a powerful effect on the physiological and mental aspects of the human body.The aim was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil from valerian roots,collected in different coun-tries,using the gas chromatography method,and to establish marker compounds for valerian species.13 samples of commercial roots with rhizomes of V.officinalis from nine countries of the world and a sample of Valeriana pratensis and Valeriana stolonifera growing in Ukraine were selected for the study.The essential oil was obtained from dried valerian roots by the distillation method described in the European Pharmacopoeia.To determine the component composition of the essential oils of the selected samples,the methods of gas chromatography with a mass spectrometric detector and capillary gas chromatography were used.The commercial samples of V.offici-nalis from different countries yielded 0.21%–1.03%of essential oil.Only six of 13 samples contained essential oil in an amount that satisfies the requirement of the European Pharmacopoeia standard(not less than 4 mL/kg).150 compounds were identified in the essential oils of 13 samples of V.officinalis essential oils.The range and average content and coefficients of variation of the identified compounds were determined.The principal com-pounds of V.officinalis essential oils were bornyl acetate(1.6%–27.1%),valeranone(0.5%–17.9%),valerenal(0%–14.7%),camphene(0%–14.6%),α-fenchene(0%–10.6%),and valerenic acid(0%–8.5%).The samples of V.pratensis and V.stolonifera yielded rather high levels of essential oil(1.18%and 0.93%,respectively).Three chemotypes of V.officinalis samples were determined-bornyl acetate/valerenal,valeranone,and isovaleric acid.The composition of the three essential oils compared was rather similar.Based on the study results,we propose the following marker compounds for V.officinalis consistently present in all 16 examined samples:bornyl acetate(1.6%–27.1%),limonene(0.2–2.3),and valeranone(0.5%–17.9%).The study of samples from Ukraine indicates the prospects of using these species of the genus Valeriana with the aim of expanding the raw material base and creating potential herbal preparations with a sedative effect,which are extremely necessary for the population of the country in the war and post-war periods.
