Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and action.Con-si...Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and action.Con-sidering the pivotal role of UNESCO sites in conservation and development,this study assessed their levels of disaster preparedness.The absence of studies assessing disaster awareness,risk perception,and preparedness among UNESCO site actors,as well as the pivotal place of preparedness within the Disaster Risk Management(DRM)cycle justifies this research.Applying the tenets of the Person-Relative-to-Event framework,we hypothe-sized that a strong positive correlation exists between perceived risks,resources,and disaster preparedness.To collect pertinent data,we employed an embedded mixed-method design and conducted an online questionnaire survey yielding 141 responses from 59 countries.From the results of relevant analyses,wildfires,floods,and droughts are top hazards occurring frequently in UNESCO sites,with significant concerns about pollution and habitat loss during future events.Smartphones emerged as the most available crucial DRM resource,with higher availability of DRM resources correlating positively and significantly with sites’preparedness.Our findings con-tribute valuable insights to address missing links for disaster-ready and resilient UNESCO sites,promoting their preservation for future generations.展开更多
Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,0...Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,000,000 km2. The eastern coastal region with only 60 km width, 15 % area and 40% of population of China, has created about 60% of GDP and has become the most developed region. But marine disaster in China is frequent and serious. From statistical data, economy loss made by surge, billow, sea ice, tsunami, red tide, oil spill, coast erosion, bay deposit, sea water intrusion, sea level rise, land salinization, sea water pollution, etc. increase quickly. Economy loss per year is one billion in the l980s, 10 billion in the l990s, exceeded 20 billion in 1996, and 30 billion in 1997. About 80% of it happened in the coastal area. So, marine disaster at present has become obstacle of society progress and economy development in coastal area. To mitigate marine disaster has become need for the economy development, also important task of the integrated coastal zone management. In this article, we briefly introduce countermeasures for marine disaster prevention, coastal zone management, and achievements made in the past 50 years, its problems now confronted, and the main countermeasures in the 21St century.展开更多
为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spe...为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spearman和Pearson相关性分析,以及ReliefF特征选择方法进行关键因子筛选,形成3组因子,分别应用Logistic回归等5种分类器和多元线性回归等5种回归方法构建模型,实现了对灾变的精准识别、程度分级和指数回归预测。通过对不同模型性能评估和各因子影响的对比分析,结果表明:所选分类器在气象与遥感因子协同及各独自建模情形下,均能识别穗发芽霉变并准确预测其等级,识别的准确率(accuracy,AC)在0.649~0.811,等级预测的AC在0.432~0.622之间;在穗发芽霉变指数(ear germination and moldiness index,EGMI)预测方面,构建的PCFXGBR模型表现最佳,R^(2)为0.25,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为15.68,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)为11.93。研究发现,遥感模型在灾变识别上更具优势,而气象模型在灾变程度分级上更优,结合两者的气象-遥感协同模型性能最佳。该研究成果为小麦连阴雨减损与灾后评估提供了有力的技术支持。展开更多
文摘Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and action.Con-sidering the pivotal role of UNESCO sites in conservation and development,this study assessed their levels of disaster preparedness.The absence of studies assessing disaster awareness,risk perception,and preparedness among UNESCO site actors,as well as the pivotal place of preparedness within the Disaster Risk Management(DRM)cycle justifies this research.Applying the tenets of the Person-Relative-to-Event framework,we hypothe-sized that a strong positive correlation exists between perceived risks,resources,and disaster preparedness.To collect pertinent data,we employed an embedded mixed-method design and conducted an online questionnaire survey yielding 141 responses from 59 countries.From the results of relevant analyses,wildfires,floods,and droughts are top hazards occurring frequently in UNESCO sites,with significant concerns about pollution and habitat loss during future events.Smartphones emerged as the most available crucial DRM resource,with higher availability of DRM resources correlating positively and significantly with sites’preparedness.Our findings con-tribute valuable insights to address missing links for disaster-ready and resilient UNESCO sites,promoting their preservation for future generations.
文摘Ocean is home town of wind and rain, treasury of resources. To exploit and use ocean will make great contribution to people’s existence and development. China is a great oceanic country with pre cinct sea area of 3,000,000 km2. The eastern coastal region with only 60 km width, 15 % area and 40% of population of China, has created about 60% of GDP and has become the most developed region. But marine disaster in China is frequent and serious. From statistical data, economy loss made by surge, billow, sea ice, tsunami, red tide, oil spill, coast erosion, bay deposit, sea water intrusion, sea level rise, land salinization, sea water pollution, etc. increase quickly. Economy loss per year is one billion in the l980s, 10 billion in the l990s, exceeded 20 billion in 1996, and 30 billion in 1997. About 80% of it happened in the coastal area. So, marine disaster at present has become obstacle of society progress and economy development in coastal area. To mitigate marine disaster has become need for the economy development, also important task of the integrated coastal zone management. In this article, we briefly introduce countermeasures for marine disaster prevention, coastal zone management, and achievements made in the past 50 years, its problems now confronted, and the main countermeasures in the 21St century.
文摘为精确监测和评估小麦在成熟期受连阴雨胁迫后穗霉变发芽情况。该研究以2023年5月底黄淮西部一次大范围连阴雨天气过程为例,从气象致灾危险性和遥感变量表征小麦承灾能力两方面,综合应用气象和多源卫星遥感资料,构建模型因子。分别用Spearman和Pearson相关性分析,以及ReliefF特征选择方法进行关键因子筛选,形成3组因子,分别应用Logistic回归等5种分类器和多元线性回归等5种回归方法构建模型,实现了对灾变的精准识别、程度分级和指数回归预测。通过对不同模型性能评估和各因子影响的对比分析,结果表明:所选分类器在气象与遥感因子协同及各独自建模情形下,均能识别穗发芽霉变并准确预测其等级,识别的准确率(accuracy,AC)在0.649~0.811,等级预测的AC在0.432~0.622之间;在穗发芽霉变指数(ear germination and moldiness index,EGMI)预测方面,构建的PCFXGBR模型表现最佳,R^(2)为0.25,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为15.68,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)为11.93。研究发现,遥感模型在灾变识别上更具优势,而气象模型在灾变程度分级上更优,结合两者的气象-遥感协同模型性能最佳。该研究成果为小麦连阴雨减损与灾后评估提供了有力的技术支持。
