Application of Serum CK and BUN Determination in Monitoring Pre-Competition Training of Badminton Athletes

In order to investigate the feasibility of serum creatine kinase （CK） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） in monitoring pre-competition training of badminton athletes, the pre-competition training load of 20 badminton athletes was studied, and serum CK and BUN were determined before, immediate and next morning after training. The results showed that after intensive training for one week, serum CK levels were significantly increased by 57.53 mmol/L （P〈0.05）. After regulation of the training intensity, average serum CK levels were increased by 21.79 mmol/L （P〈0.05）. BUN contents were increased by 0.83 mmol/L on average with the difference being not significant （P〉0.05）. After intermittent training, there was significant difference in the average increased levels of serum CK in athletes （P〈0.05）. There was significant difference before and after regulation of training （P〈0.05）. The increased levels of BUN were 0.78 mmol/L without significant difference （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that serum CK was one of the biochemical indicators monitoring the training load sensitivity of badminton athletes, but BUN was of little value in monitoring the training load. Both serum CK and BUN recovered slowly after one-week intensive training and intermittent training, suggesting the metabolic mechanism of human body in training needs further study.

Research on the Computer Simulation Training Methods of Taekwondo Athletes before Competitions

In Taekwondo competitions,the competition venues,the on-the-spot environment and the athletes'own tension and other factors have certain effects on the athletes'sports performances.Therefore,through the formulation of the training plans during the competition period,we should ensure the adequate sleep,the reasonable diet,the adequate preparation activities,and the sufficient psychological preparation before the competitions,so that athletes can achieve excellent results.Based on the analysis of the pre-competition computer simulation training methods,this paper puts forward several specific research strategies.

A Comparison of the Effect of 20-and 40-Min Session Durations of External Counterpulsation on Neuromuscular Function,Cortisol and Comfort in Physically Active Young Men

Objectives External Counterpulsation (ECP) is a well-established treatment for coronary disease,with interest growing in the potential to act as a sports recovery modality or pre-performance strategy.This pilot study compared the effects of dif-ferent ECP durations upon neuromuscular function (NF),cortisol and subjective perceptions in a rested state.Methods Eleven physically active male volunteers received two ECP treatments (Renew Sport,Singapore) of differing duration (20-min and 40-min) in a randomised,repeated measures crossover design.Testing occurred pre-ECP,post-ECP,and 24-h post-ECP.NF testing comprised counter-movement jumps (CMJs) and 6-s sprint cycling.Saliva samples were analysed for cortisol.Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE,6 to 20) and Bipolar Comfort Scales (-10 to 10) quantified partici-pants' experiences,and ECP duration preference was examined.Repeated measures ANOVA and effect size (ES:Cohen's d) analysed NF and cortisol results.Paired t-tests analysed RPE and comfort ratings.Results ECP demonstrated no effect,neither positive nor negative,upon NF outcome measures in both groups.A trend of reduced salivary cortisol levels across both groups following ECP was observed (P =0.066).No RPE difference existed between groups.20-min of ECP was rated as significantly more comfortable than 40-min (P < 0.05) and participants pre-dominantly identified the 20-min ECP session as "more acceptable".Conclusions These results indicate that there were no effects for either duration upon the defined outcome measures,and thus,in these circumstances,no differences between the two durations were observed with respect to effects upon NF and salivary cortisol.The use of ECP warrants further investigation for potential benefits to performance before it can be proposed as an effective preparatory modality.