Effect of variations in the polar and azimuthal angles of coarse particles on the structure of drainage channels in thickened beds

The 3D reconstruction and quantitative characterization of drainage channels and coarse tailings particles in a bed were conducted in this study.The influence of variations in the azimuthal angle(θ)and polar angle(φ)of coarse particles on drainage channel structure was analyzed,and the drainage mechanism of the bed was studied.Results showed that water discharge in the bed reduced the size of pores and throat channels,increasing slurry concentration.The throat channel structure was a key component of the drainage process.Theφandθof particles changed predominantly along the length direction.The changes inφhad a cumulative plugging effect on the drainage channel and increased the difficulty of water discharge.The rake and rod formed a shear ring in the tailings bed with shear,and theθdistribution of particles changed from disorderly to orderly during the rotation process.The drainage channel was squeezed during the shearing process with the change inθ,which broke the channel structure,encouraged water discharge in the bed,and facilitated a further increase in slurry concentration.The findings of this work are expected to offer theoretical guidance for preparing high-concentration underflow in the tailings thickening process.

Properties of coarse particles in suspended particulate matter of the North Yellow Sea during summer

Fine particles in seawater commonly form large porous aggregates. Aggregate density and settling velocity determine the behavior of this suspended particulate matter(SPM) within the water column.However, few studies of aggregate particles over a continental shelf have been undertaken. In our case study, properties of aggregate particles, including size and composition, over the continental shelf of the North Yellow Sea were investigated. During a scienti?c cruise in July 2016, in situ ef fective particle size distributions of SPM at 10 stations were measured, while temperature and turbidity measurements and samples of water were obtained from surface, middle, and bottom layers. Dispersed and inorganic particle size distributions were determined in the laboratory. The in situ SPM was divided into(1) small particles(<32 μm),(2) medium particles(32–256 μm) and(3) large particles(>256 μm). Large particles and medium particles dominated the total volume concentrations(VCs) of in situ SPM. After dispersion, the VCs of medium particles decreased to low values(<0.1 μL/L). The VCs of large particles in the surface and middle layers also decreased markedly, although they had higher peak values(0.1–1 μL/L). This suggests that almost all in situ medium particles and some large particles were aggregated, while other large particles were single particles. Correlation analysis showed that primary particles <32 μm in?uenced the formation of these aggregates. Microscopic examination revealed that these aggregates consisted of both organic and inorganic ?ne particles, while large particles were mucus-bound organic aggregates or individual plankton.The vertical distribution of coarser particles was clearly related to water strati?cation. Generally, medium aggregate particles were dominant in SPM of the bottom layer. A thermocline blocked resuspension of?ne material into upper layers, yielding low VCs of medium-sized aggregate particles in the surface layer.Abundant large biogenic particles were present in both surface and middle layers.

Gas-Solid Flow Behavior in a Pneumatic Conveying System for Drying Applications: Coarse Particles Feeding with a Venturi Device

The feeding of coarse particles (>0.5 mm diameter) directly into a riser operating at positive pressure is important for drying and pre-heating applications. The presence of the feeding device can lead to heterogeneity of drying and heating, and is the main factor responsible for pressure loss in short conveying systems. However, there is a lack of information concerning the axial and radial distributions of coarse particles in this type of configuration, despite the recent advances when dealing with fine particles (FCC catalyst). The present work therefore investigates a vertical venturi feeder with the conveying system operating in dilute-phase regime with 1 mm spherical glass particles. Experimental assays revealed the behavior of the mass flow rate of solids in the system, and pressure measurements were made along the riser in order to evaluate the accuracy of simulations. Euler-Euler simulations provided close estimation of the experimental pressure drop and the pressure drop according to distance in the linear region. Simulation of the fluid dynamics in the riser showed that solids clusters were formed at low concentrations near the feeding device, reflecting heterogeneity in the solid phase volume fraction.

Effects of particle fractions on the Bingham yield stress and viscosity of fine-coarse particle suspensions

The rheological behaviors of highly concentrated fine particle suspensions(clay-silt-water mixtures)and coarse particle suspensions(coarse particles within a fine particle suspension)were investigated in this study.Experimental results demonstrated that the Bingham Fluid Model with two rheological parameters,Bingham yield stressand viscosity,wellcharacterized the rheological behavior of fine particle suspensions at shear rates between 4 and 20 s^(-1).The inclusion of coarse particles within a fine particle suspension induced an enhancement to the rheological parameters.The rheological parameters of a coarse particle suspension not only depend on its total particle fraction but also on its relative fine/coarse particle fractions.Empirical equations of these two parameters were proposed,quantitatively related to both fine and coarse particle fractions.Results indicated that the Bingham yield stress and viscosity are much more(an order larger)sensitive to changes in fine particle fraction than to changes in coarse particle fraction.

Effects of Collectors and Frothers on Copper and Molybdenum Coarse Particle Recoveries—A Statistical Approach

Typically, coarse dense mineral particles greater than 150 μm are difficult to float, and the recovery decreases progressively. Various physical parameters can be manipulated in an attempt to increase the recovery. These physical parameters are the following: liberation, turbulence in the flotation cell, pH, collector, frother type and dosage. The testwork discussed in this paper was performed for a copper-molybdenum operation that is experiencing coarse particle (>150 μm) losses in the tails. This operation uses Diesel No. 2 fuel and sodium ethyl xanthate for molybdenum and copper flotation, respectively and X-133 frother. In an attempt to increase coarse particle recovery, stronger collectors (potassium amyl xanthate, Aero 249 and Aero 3501) and frothers (FrothPro 618, FrothPro 630 and FrothPro 706) were used. The analysis was performed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach. The conditions required by the ANOVA method were met. The results showed that the collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) with frothers X-133 and FrothPro 630 resulted in approximately 3% increase in copper rougher recovery relative to the baseline (sodium ethyl xanthate and X-133). The collectors and frothers did not have a significant effect on molybdenum recovery within the dosage limits investigated.

Effects of nanobubble and hydrodynamic parameters on coarse quartz flotation

Quartz, the second most abundant mineral in the earth's crust, is a gangue mineral in practically every flotation process. Coarse quartz flotation has been a long standing problem in various mineral processing plants to reduce milling cost and increase valuable mineral recovery. Based on this, the effects of nanobubbles(NBs) and hydrodynamic parameters on coarse quartz particle flotation were systematically investigated. Mechanical flotation experiments were carried out using the 7 cm and 9 cm diameter impellers in order to produce different hydrodynamic conditions. 900–1300 rpm impeller speeds were used for the 7 cm diameter impeller and 554–786 rpm for the 9 cm diameter impeller. The results show that the presence of NBs increased the flotation recovery of à425 + 106 lm quartz by up to 21%. For the7 cm diameter impeller, the maximum flotation recoveries of 86.4% and 98% were obtained in the absence and presence of NBs at Reynolds number(Re) of 81,000 and 66,000, respectively. For the 9 cm diameter impeller, the maximum recoveries of 86.3% and 97.5% were obtained in the absence and presence of NBs at Re of 90,000 and 75,000, respectively. NBs increased the flotation rate constant up to 36%.

Simplified Coarse-Grained Dynamic Model for Real Gases

A simplified model is proposed for an easy understanding of the coarse-grained technique and for achieving a first approximation to the behavior of gases. A mole of a gas substance, within a cubic container, is represented by six particles symmetrically moving. The impacts of particles on container walls, the inter-particle collisions, as well as the volume of particles and the inter-particle attractive forces, obeying a Lennard-Jones curve, are taken into account. Thanks to the symmetry, the problem is reduced to the nonlinear dynamic analysis of a SDOF oscillator, which is numerically solved by a step-by-step time integration algorithm. Five applications of proposed model, on Carbon Dioxide, are presented: 1) Ideal gas in STP conditions. 2) Real gas in STP conditions. 3) Condensation for small molar volume. 4) Critical point. 5) Iso-kinetic energy curves and iso-therms in the critical point region. Results of the proposed model are compared with test data and results of the Van der Waals model for real gases.

再生粗骨料取代率及粒径对混凝土抗压性能影响试验研究

为研究单轴受压情况下再生粗骨料粒径范围、取代率对再生混凝土抗压性能的影响规律,分别以粒径范围5~10、10~20和20~31.5 mm,以及取代率分别为0%、10%、30%和50%为参量设计制作再生混凝土棱柱体试件,并对其开展单轴抗压性能试验研究。结果表明:在取代率相同时,粒径范围为5~10 mm时再生混凝土的抗压强度及峰值应变均比粒径范围为10~20、20~31.5 mm时的大;在粒径范围相同情况下,随取代率增大,再生混凝土抗压强度呈现出逐渐减小的变化趋势,而峰值应变则呈现出逐渐增大的变化趋势。根据试验数据,得出了再生混凝土抗压强度和峰值应变的函数关系式。

筑坝堆石料颗粒破碎及分形特性试验研究

为探究筑坝堆石料颗粒破碎现象,选取不同粗粒含量和含水量的堆石料作为研究对象,开展室内击实试验,分析土体的压实特性、颗粒破碎特性及分形特征,并揭示其力学响应机理。试验结果表明:随含水量的增加,堆石料的干密度先增大后减小。而最大干密度和最优含水量分别与粗粒含量呈现正相关和负相关。堆石料中出现明显的颗粒破碎现象,随粗粒含量和含水量的增加其颗粒破碎率随之增大。粗粒含量与含水量分别与分形维数成反比和正比关系,相较于含水量,粗粒含量对分形维数的影响更显著。

温湿度联合作用下软岩粗粒料三轴剪切力学特性研究

软岩粗粒料具有风化程度高、易破碎等特点,其力学特性易受温湿环境的影响。利用自主研制的温湿控制粗粒料大型三轴仪开展了一系列控制温湿度的软岩粗粒料三轴剪切试验,探究了温湿度对软岩粗粒料剪切强度、剪切变形、颗粒破碎及临界状态的影响规律。研究发现:(1)软岩粗粒料的力学行为受温湿度影响显著,随着温湿度的升高,其峰值剪切强度降低,剪缩变形量增加,颗粒破碎程度增大,p-q空间内的临界状态线向下旋转,同时e-(p/pa)^(ξ)空间内的临界状态线向下平移;(2)温湿度对力学特性的影响在低围压条件下更显著,随着围压的升高,温湿度引起的差异性变小。(3)基于不同温湿度作用下的颗粒破碎等效对应关系,实现了不同温湿工况下颗粒破碎及临界状态试验规律的归一化,为建立统一考虑温湿度影响的本构模型提供思路。

基于深度学习的粗骨料在线检测分割方法研究

使用图像法检测骨料粒径时,图像分割的质量是影响骨料粒径检测的重要因素。目前,骨料图像分割已经从传统的分水岭算法和阈值分割算法发展到使用实例分割算法对堆叠的粗骨料进行分割。针对ISTR模型未分割骨料较多的问题,提出了一种改进算法和评估网络模型的评价指标,对优化前后的网络模型进行对比实验。实验结果表明:与原网络模型相比,优化后算法MIoU提升了3.4%,达到82.6%;未分割的骨料占比降低了8.2%,达到9.4%;检测分割能力提升明显,证明所提方法在骨料检测分割任务中的可行性与有效性。

预选抛废技术发展现状

随着我国矿产资源的不断开发与利用,天然高品位矿石资源逐步减少,低品位矿石成为目前我国矿产资源的主要来源,因此,预选抛废成为一个必要的选矿环节。重点阐述了人工拣选抛废、光电选抛废、磁选抛废、重选抛废以及浮选抛废五种抛废技术,并介绍了不同技术在预选抛废时使用的设备和工作原理,指出了各种预选抛废技术的优缺点,为预选抛废技术能进一步工业应用提供了一定借鉴意义。

红砂岩粗粒土破碎性质及累积变形模型研究

红砂岩粗粒土具有易破碎性,在动力荷载反复作用下会发生颗粒破碎,导致路基产生明显的工后沉降。针对红砂岩粗粒土颗粒破碎的特点,采用室内动三轴试验仪进行了不同工况下的动力荷载试验,研究了动弹性模量、动弹性应变与粒径大小之间的关系,以及颗粒破碎率与颗粒形状系数变化率的关系。根据试验材料的动力破碎特性,构建了考虑颗粒破碎的累积变形模型,并对模型进行了修正。研究结果表明:颗粒粒径越大,动弹性应变越大,动弹性模量越小;动弹性应变先快速增大后逐渐趋于稳定,动弹性模量随着加载次数的增加不断减小,土体出现应变软化现象。颗粒形状系数变化率变化趋势与颗粒破碎率变化趋势相似,随着加载次数的增加,形状系数值趋近于1。此外,所构建的累积变形模型包含了应力状态参数、物理状态参数和拟合参数,能够较好地描述颗粒破碎状态下的红砂岩粗粒土的累积变形趋势。根据试验数据的反算结果,对累积变形模型的拟合参数进行了确定,便于在实际工程应用中对路基变形进行计算。由于室内试验与工程实践现场工况有一定区别,提出了模型修正系数ψ,提高了模型的预测精度。该研究结果可为红砂岩粗粒土路基设计、施工及运营提供理论依据和工程应用基础。

基于连续级配方程的粗粒料压实密度缩尺效应试验研究

根据双江口心墙堆石坝堆石料的原型平均设计级配曲线,采用剔除法、等量替代法、相似级配法和混合法等4种不同缩尺方法得到室内最大干密度试验成果。结合土的连续级配方程,采用级配面积与小于5 mm的颗粒质量分数P5构建的函数式作为级配量化指标,拟合出最大干密度与试验前级配曲线面积、P_(5)及最大粒径之间的关系,据此可推求出原型级配的最大干密度。通过分析得到试验前后级配量化指标之间的拟合公式,并利用试验前后级配量化指标的相对变化量B_(w)作为颗粒破碎的定量指标,探讨了缩尺方法对压实过程粗粒料颗粒破碎的影响。结果表明,采用等量替代法缩尺,B_(w)随粒径的增大呈减小趋势;而采用剔除法、相似级配法和混合法缩尺,B_(w)随粒径增大呈增大趋势。

粗骨料粒径对珊瑚混凝土力学性能的影响

为了探究粗骨料粒径对珊瑚混凝土的静态力学性性能,采用RMT-150实验机结合材料力学相关知识,对连续级配粗骨料粒径为5~16mm(J0)及单一级配粗骨料粒径为5~10mm(J1)、10~16mm(J2)、16~20mm(J3)和20~25mm(J4)进行静态抗压抗拉试验,并且对比分析实验结果,探究不同粗骨料粒径珊瑚混凝土的力学性能。研究结果表明:粗骨料粒径为5~10mm的时候珊瑚混凝土的抗压抗拉强度达到最佳,随着骨料粒径的增大,珊瑚混凝土的抗压抗拉强度呈现先增加后减小的趋势。适当的粗骨料粒径能够提升粗骨料混凝土的静态抗压抗拉强度。

基于计算流体力学-离散单元法的U形管冲蚀磨损数值模拟研究

采用计算流体力学-离散单元法(CFD-DEM)和切向撞击能模型(SIEM)来研究气固两相流中高速煤粉颗粒冲击导致的U形弯管冲蚀磨损问题。分析了颗粒粒径、气体流速、固体颗粒形状对其冲蚀磨损特性的影响,并验证粗粒化模型应用于此磨损过程的准确性。结果表明,U形弯头的冲蚀磨损位置主要有3处;磨损率随粒径的增大呈现整体减小的趋势;U形管拱背磨损率随气速的增加而增大,且前2处磨损率峰值位置随气速的增加向入口方向偏移;长椭球对U形管造成的磨损最严重,扁椭球次之,球形最轻;粗粒化CFD-DEM能够基本准确预测U形管冲蚀磨损,且显著降低计算时间。

级配对粗粒土-格栅界面循环剪切特性影响试验研究

【目的】为研究级配对粗粒土-土工格栅界面动力剪切特性的影响规律,【方法】基于连续级配方程,通过改变试样的最大粒径d_(max)和级配面积S,制备了18组不同级配试样,对各组试样分别进行设置土工格栅和不设置土工格栅的循环直剪试验,分析d_(max)和S对界面循环剪切特性的影响,并引入了加筋剪切刚度系数α_(K)和加筋阻尼比系数α_(D),来评价土工格栅对动剪切强度参数的影响效果。【结果】结果显示:当小于格栅网孔尺寸的粗粒含量较高时,剪切刚度K随着d_(max)的增大而增大,阻尼比D随着d_(max)的增大而减小;反之,则表现出相反的趋势。K和D均与d_(max)呈对数函数关系;K和D与S的关系均可用二次多项式表示。此外,给出了α_(K)和α_(D)与粒孔比的关系,即随着粒孔比的增大,α_(K)先增大后减小,α_(D)呈先减小后增大的规律。当粒孔比取0.073左右时,土工格栅对粗粒土循环剪切特性的加筋效果最好。【结论】结果表明:颗粒与土工格栅间的互锁机制对粗粒土-格栅界面的循环剪切特性有重要影响,当大部分颗粒粒径小于格栅网格尺寸时,颗粒与格栅间的互锁机制充分发挥;当颗粒最大粒径及格栅网格尺寸相同时,存在一个最优级配面积,使得粗粒土-格栅界面的抗震性能最好。

岩土球形颗粒体粒间接触力学特性及接触模型验证

针对大理岩和花岗岩两种材料,分别进行了球颗粒法向、切向接触力学试验;以大理岩为例,总结了非线性接触模型及其参数,并进行了球颗粒集合体的离心模型试验,通过数值模拟和试验结果的对比验证了接触模型及其参数的合理性。研究结果表明:颗粒法向接触以脆性断裂为破坏形态,切向接触以摩擦侵蚀为破坏特征;法向、切向刚度曲线都可以利用幂函数进行拟合;利用非线性接触模型及其参数可以有效模拟颗粒集合体的力学性状,同时还能够反映散体模型细部的离散变形特征。

鞍山地区微细粒贫磁铁矿石磁选工艺研究

鞍山地区许东沟和哑巴岭采区的铁矿石铁品位为29.50%,铁矿物主要为磁铁矿,主要脉石为石英。为高效开发利用该矿石,在采用X荧光分析、化学成分分析、铁物相检测和扫描电子显微镜分析矿石性质基础上,进行了湿式粗粒中磁预选—阶段磨矿、阶段弱磁选—淘洗机精选条件试验和扩大连选试验。结果表明:①-2.5 mm高压辊磨产品经过筒式磁选机中磁预选,粗精矿铁品位为40.20%、铁回收率为89.76%;②预选粗精矿经过两阶段磨矿(一、二段磨矿细度分别为-0.074 mm占75%和-0.045 mm占90%)、三阶段弱磁选和一段淘洗机精选,最终获得产率35.73%、铁品位67.08%、铁回收率81.24%的铁精矿,尾矿铁品位为8.61%,研究结果可作为该矿石开发利用依据。