Loose-stratification model in separation process for vanadium pre-concentration from stone coal

A technology of one-stage roughing and one-stage scavenging vanadium pre-concentration with shaking table was investigated for improving vanadium grade and decreasing acid consumption minerals content based on the quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electronic microscopy （QEMSCAN）. In order to visually illustrate how the vanadium-bearing minerals were separated from system, a loose-stratification model was established with Bagnold shear loose theory and Kelly stratification hypothesis. Through the model, it was inferred that fine fraction and coarse fraction of vanadium-bearing muscovite particles easily became the concentrate in roughing and scavenging stages, respectively. The type of the dominant effect on the loose-stratification was confirmed. In the roughing stage, gravity sedimentation played a leading role in the loose-stratification process. However, in the scavenging stage, shearing dispersion pressure caused by asymmetric motion of table deck took an important part in the loose-stratification process. Finally, the correction of the loose-stratification model was validated by the practical experiment.

Innovative pre-concentration technology for recovering ultrafine ilmenite using superconducting high gradient magnetic separator

To achieve the utilization of the abandoned ultrafine ilmenite(-20 μm) produced in the titanium magnetite processing plant in Panzhihua,the superconducting high-gradient magnetic separation(SMS) technology was proposed in this study.After optimizing the conditions of magnetic intensity,feeding and pulsation,an SMS concentrate with TiO_(2) grade of 16.03% and TiO_(2) recovery of 66.39% was obtained through one roughing-one cleaning pre-concentration flowsheet.The specific magnetic force and magnetic force were calculated and analysed to illustrate the pre-concentration mechanism,and the results revealed that the combination of high magnetic field and strong pulsating resulted in the effective preconcentration of the ultrafine ilmenite in the SMS process.In addition,the magnetic force analysis indicated that the high magnetic intensity and high magnetic gradient are the key factors of the SMS technology.Furthermore,the EDS-Mapping detection certified that the ultrafine ilmenite was concentrated from the gangue minerals using SMS technology.

Enhanced biological nutrient removal in modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic process with return activated sludge pre-concentration

A pilot-scale modified carbon source division anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process with pre-concentration of returned activated sludge(RAS) was proposed in this study for the enhanced biological nutrient removal(BNR) of municipal wastewater with limited carbon source. The influent carbon source was fed in step while a novel RAS pre-concentration tank was adopted to improve BNR efficiency, and the effects of an influent carbon source distribution ratio and a RAS pre-concentration ratio were investigated. The results show that the removal efficiency of TN is mainly influenced by the carbon source distribution ratio while the TP removal relies on the RAS pre-concentration ratio. The optimum carbon source distribution ratio and RAS pre-concentration ratio are 60% and 50%, respectively, with an inner recycling ratio of 100% under the optimum steady operation of pilot test, reaching an average effluent TN concentration of 9.8 mg·L-1with a removal efficiency of 63% and an average TP removal efficiency of 94%. The mechanism of nutrient removal is discussed and the kinetics is analyzed. The results reveal that the optimal carbon source distribution ratio provides sufficient denitrifying carbon source to each anoxic phase, reducing nitrate accumulation while the RAS pre-concentration ratio improves the condition of anaerobic zone to ensure the phosphorus release due to less nitrate in the returned sludge. Therefore, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and phosphorus accumulation organisms play an important role under the optimum condition, enhancing the performance of nutrient removal in this test.

Effect of Return Sludge Pre-concentration on Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Novel Oxidation Ditch

A pilot-scale,pre-anoxic-anaerobic oxidation ditch was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater with limited carbon source.A novel return activated sludge(RAS) pre-concentration tank was adopted for improv-ing the phosphorus removal efficiency and the effects of RAS pre-concentration ratio were studied.Under the opti-mal operational condition,the suspended total phosphorus(STP) and the total phosphorus(TP) removal efficiencies were around 58.9% and 63.9% respectively and the effluent-P was lower than 0.8 mg·L-1.The reason is that with the optimal RAS pre-concentration ratio,nitrate is completely removed with endogenous carbon source and the secondary phosphorus release is strictly restrained in the pre-anoxic tank.Therefore,the anaerobic phosphorus release and the carbon source uptake by phosphorus accumulation organisms(PAOs) in the sludge,which are ex-tremely important to the phosphorus removal process,can be fully satisfied.Furthermore,the oxidation-reduction potential is proved to be suitable for controlling the RAS pre-concentration ratio due to influent fluctuation and varied conditions.The novel modified system is also beneficial for PAO accumulation.

Petrochemical eigenvalues and diagrams for the identification of metamorphic rocks'protolith,taking the host rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit in China as an example

The Dashuigou tellurium deposit is the world’s only known independent tellurium deposit.By restoring metamorphic rocks’protolith,we seek to understand not only the development and evolution trajectory of the region but also the origin of the relevant deposits.While there are many ways to restore metamorphic rocks’protolith,we take the host metamorphic rocks of Dashuigou tellurium deposit and leverage various petrochemical eigenvalues and related diagrams previously proposed to reveal the deposit’s host metamorphic rocks’protolith.The petrochemical eigenvalues include molecular number,Niggli’s value,REE parity ratio,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)ratio,Fe^(3+) /(Fe^(3+) -+Fe^(2+) )ratio,chondrite-normalized REE value,logarithmic REE value,various REE eigenvalues including scandium,Eu/Sm ratio,total REE amount,light and heavy REEs,δEu,Eu anomaly,Sm/Nd ratio,and silicon isotope δ^(30) SiNBS-29‰,etc.The petrochemical plots include ACMs,100 mg-c-(al+alk),SiO_(2)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),(al+fm)-(c+alk)versus Si,FeO+Fe_(2)O^(3+) TiO)-Al_(2)O_(3)-MgO,c-mg,Al_(2)O_(3)-(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O),chondrite-normalized REE model,La/Yb-REE,and Sm/Nd ratio,etc.On the basis of these comprehensive analyses,the following conclusions are drawn,starting from the many mantle-derived types of basalt developed in the study area of different geological ages,combined with the previously published research results on the deposit s fluid inclusions and sulfur and lead isotopes.The deposit is formed by mantle degassing in the form of a mantle plume in the late Yanshanian orogeny.The degassed fluids are rich in nano-sc ale substances including Fe,Te,S,As,Bi,Au,Se,H_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),H_(2)O,and CH_(4),which are enriched by nano-effect,and then rise to a certain part of the crust in the form of mantle plume along the lithospheric fault to form the deposit.The ultimate power for tellurium mineralization was from H_(2)flow with high energy,which was produced through radiation from the melted iron of the Earth’s outer core.The H,flow results in the Earth’s degassing,as well as the mantle and crust’s uplift.

THE USE OF CHELATING RESIN FOR THE PRE-CONCENTRATION OF TRACE RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AND THEIR DETERMINATION

Macroporous amino-carboxvlic chelating resin of acrylic acid series may concentrate trace rare earth in the presence of 0.1 mol/l α-hydroxy-isobutyric acid at pH 4.5.With 0.10 mol/l HCl as eluant rare earth may be eluted quantitatively and separated from Ca,Mg,Fe and Cu.This method is used to determine trace amount of rare earth in human hair,stone (in kidney and bladder),peanut,grape,strawberry,cucumber,pig liver and other biological samples.

大兴安岭阿尔山地区宝力高庙组浅变质岩年代学、地球化学特征及原岩建造探讨

大兴安岭阿尔山地区宝力高庙组为一套以沉积碎屑岩、安山岩为主的陆相沉积-火山岩系,经历了区域变质作用后转变为低绿片岩相。笔者对宝力高庙组浅变质岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学的研究,结合岩性岩相学和变质变形特征,试图恢复其原岩建造,并在此基础上,探讨了沉积背景。结果表明,阿尔山地区变质安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(312.1±1.2)Ma,地质时代属晚石炭世—早二叠世,将其厘定为宝力高庙组,原岩组合属典型的滨湖相陆源中酸性火山-沉积建造,沉积构造环境为活动大陆边缘的弧内盆地,与区域上二连—贺根山蛇绿—增生杂岩带晚石炭世—早二叠世时期的构造环境一致。

中喜马拉雅陈塘地区基性麻粒岩变质作用、原岩特征及其地质意义

本文对中喜马拉雅陈塘地区高压基性麻粒岩进行了岩石学、地球化学和锆石年代学及Hf同位素研究,确定了其变质P-T演化、原岩性质和构造背景。陈塘地区基性麻粒岩发生了明显部分熔融,基质中保存有单斜辉石和斜长石后成合晶,指示其可能经历了榴辉岩相变质作用。根据基性麻粒岩的矿物组合识别出三个变质演化阶段:高压麻粒岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜长石+金红石+石英,温压条件为1.0~1.3GPa、730~800℃;中压麻粒岩相矿物组合为石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜方辉石+角闪石+斜长石+钛铁矿+金红石+石英,温压条件为0.78~0.82GPa、820~890℃;而角闪岩相阶段以角闪石的大量出现为特征,变质温压条件为0.6~0.7GPa、660~740℃。锆石U-Pb年代学指示基性麻粒岩高压麻粒岩相的变质时代为15~14Ma,原岩时代为~1800Ma。另外,基于TiO_(2)含量可将基性麻粒岩划分为两组,一组具有低的TiO_(2)和高的ε_(Nd)(t),稀土元素配分模式与E-MORB一致,原岩为弧后盆地玄武岩。第二组基性麻粒岩相比于第一组,具有高的TiO_(2)、REE、Th/Ta和低的Mg^(#)、Nb/La和ε_(Nd)(t),其稀土元素配分模式与OIB一致。地球化学特征表明高Ti基性麻粒岩的原岩经历了显著的地壳混染,其形成与低Ti组基性麻粒岩原始岩浆上升过程混染壳源物质有关。中喜马拉雅Ama Drime地体-陈塘地区-Arun河谷沿南北方向上均出露的古元古代岩浆记录可能与新生代裂谷活动导致喜马拉雅造山带古元古代基底剥露至地表有关。另外,本研究证实印度大陆北缘在古元古代(1.9~1.8Ga)处于汇聚型板块边缘,伴生有广泛的弧/弧后岩浆作用,而非裂谷环境。

中喜马拉雅日玛那地区退变榴辉岩岩石地球化学及年代学研究

喜马拉雅造山带是目前最年轻的仍处于碰撞阶段的陆陆碰撞造山带。高喜马拉雅结晶岩系内产出的(退变)榴辉岩记录了印度板块俯冲和折返的重要信息。本文对中喜马拉雅日玛那地区的(退变)榴辉岩进行了岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石年代学研究,确定了其变质演化、原岩性质及构造背景。日玛那榴辉岩呈透镜状或岩墙状与花岗片麻岩接触,基于矿物组合识别出3个变质阶段:①峰期榴辉岩相:石榴子石+绿辉石+多硅白云母+金红石+石英;②高压麻粒岩相:以单斜辉石+斜长石后成合晶、黑云母+斜长石的后成合晶为代表;③角闪岩相:以基质中角闪石的大量出现为特征。锆石U-Pb定年给出两期年龄,峰期榴辉岩相锆石年龄为约15.5~14 Ma,具平坦的HREE分配模式,缺失Eu负异常,麻粒岩相的年龄约为12 Ma,锆石显著富集HREE,并呈现出Eu负异常的特征,指示石榴子石分解和斜长石生长。矿物温压计限定日玛那榴辉岩峰期变质条件为约730℃、1.9~2.1 GPa。榴辉岩记录了顺时针的变质p-T轨迹,从峰期榴辉岩相经近等温快速降压至麻粒岩相,最后降温降压至角闪岩相。另外,日玛那榴辉岩的原岩为亚碱性玄武岩并沿着拉斑玄武岩趋势演化,地球化学特征与洋中脊玄武岩类似,对榴辉岩残留的岩浆锆石核定年给出了890~850 Ma的原岩年龄。综上,我们认为日玛那榴辉岩起源于新元古代大洋中脊玄武岩,在中新世(约15.5 Ma)随印度板块平俯冲至欧亚大陆下面,发生榴辉岩相变质,而后开始折返。

敦煌构造带南部含石墨大理岩成因及其大地构造意义

敦煌构造带位于中亚造山带南缘,关于其构造属性存在“前寒武纪稳定地块”和“显生宙造山带”两种不同观点。这一争议限制了对中亚造山带南缘增生扩展过程以及中亚构造域和特提斯构造域之间相互作用的理解。本文对敦煌构造带南部红柳峡变质杂岩出露的含石墨大理岩进行构造地质学、显微岩相学、地球化学和石墨拉曼光谱学研究。红柳峡河谷含石墨大理岩与角闪岩(具有海山玄武岩地球化学亲缘性)构造叠置或裹杂角闪岩岩块,富含橄榄石、角闪石等镁铁质矿物及其蛇纹石化产物,全岩稀土元素(REE)含量远低于后太古宙澳大利亚平均页岩(PAAS),表明原岩沉积时缺少陆源碎屑供给但有较多基性火成岩碎屑加入,推测其原岩是形成于洋底海山或洋岛之上的碳酸盐岩帽。干洪沟含石墨大理岩以夹层或透镜体形式产于云母石英片岩中,大理岩中含有石英、白云母等陆源碎屑,缺乏基性火山物质,PAAS标准化REE配分模式具有明显的Ce负异常,且全岩Y/Ho比值接近PAAS,表明原岩沉积于近岸相对氧化水体环境且受陆源碎屑影响较大,推测其原岩可能是形成于增生楔斜坡盆地相的碳酸盐岩。石墨拉曼温度计揭示两类大理岩分别记录了552℃~577℃和431℃~476℃(T^(1):Rahl温度计)或534℃~539℃和472℃~503℃(T_(2):Beyssac温度计)的变质温度,暗示它们经历了不同级别的变质作用。以上结果表明,红柳峡变质杂岩中大理岩之原岩形成于海山(或洋岛)和增生楔斜坡盆地等不同构造环境,并在俯冲带经历俯冲-变质-折返-混杂等过程,是俯冲带增生杂岩的重要组分,佐证了敦煌构造带的属性为造山带而非前寒武纪地块。

四川同德石墨矿床地球化学特征及原岩恢复

四川同德石墨矿床发现较早,矿床规模已达大型,但对其岩石地球化学和变质岩原岩恢复等方面的研究相对匮乏。本文通过对该矿床的全岩地球化学和碳同位素分析,探讨其地球化学特征和成岩成矿环境。分析结果表明,矿石SiO_(2)为55.65%~61.68%,SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)比值为4.59~5.42,Ni/Co平均比值8.73,富集Ba、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,Nb、Zr、Hf、Th、U等高场强含量高。矿石ΣREE为149×10^(-6)~195×10^(-6),轻稀土较为富集,具有弱的Ce负异常和Eu负异常,代表了极度贫氧—厌氧的海相沉积环境,矿石的原岩主要来源于陆源碎屑物质。稳定同位素结果显示石墨矿中碳同位素δ^(13)C_(V-PDB)值为-25.0‰~-23.5‰,表明其成矿碳质来源于有机物。综合野外地质调查认识和全岩地球化学原岩恢复结果,推测同德石墨矿床含矿片岩的原岩为一套含碳质黏土质杂砂岩沉积建造。

Ultrahigh-pressure and Retrograde Metamorphic Ages for Paleozoic Protolith of Paragneiss in the Main Drill Hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project(CCSD-MH),SW Sulu UHP Terrane

Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence （CL） images show that most zircon crystals separated from paragneiss in the main drill hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project （CCSD-MH） at Maobei, southwestern Sulu terrane, contain low-pressure mineral-bearing detrital cores, coesite-bearing mantles and quartz-bearing or mineral inclusion-free rims. SHRIMP U-Pb dating on these zoned zircons yield three discrete and meaningful age groups. The detrital cores yield a large age span from 659 to 313 Ma, indicating the protolith age for the analyzed paragnelss is Paleozoic rather than Proterozoic. The coesite-bearing mantles yield a weighted mean age of 228 ± 5 Ma for the UHP event. The quartz-bearing outmost rims yield a weighted mean age of 213 ± 6 Ma for the retrogressive event related to the regional amphibolite facies metamorphism in the Sulu UHP terrane. Combined with previous SHRIMP U-Pb dating results from orthogneiss in CCSD-MH, it is suggested that both Neoproterozoic granitic protolith and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks were subducted to mantle depths in the Late Triassic. About 15 million years later, the Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid-crustal levels and overprinted by an amphibolite-facies retrogressive metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P-T conditions is about 6.7 km/Ma. Such a fast exhumation suggests that the Sulu UHP paragnelss and orthogneiss returned towards the surface as a dominant part of a buoyant sliver, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff.

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Dating for Felsic Granulite, Huangtuling Area, North Dabieshan: Constraints on Timing of Its Protolith and Granulite-Facies Metamorphism, and Thermal Events in Its Provenance

Information about the protolith of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabieshan has been unavailable. The complex evolution history of the rock and its host basement must be further discussed. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating was conducted on three textural domains in zircon from a high-temperature, high-pressure felsic granulite in the Huangtuling area, North Dabieshan, Central China. The metamorphic growth-derived detrital zircon domain yields a 207^ pb/206^Pb age in the range of （2 49±54 ） -- （2 500±180） Ma. The magmatic genesis-derived detrltal zircon domain gives a 207^pb/ 206^Pb age ranging from 2 628 Ma to 2 690 Ma, with an oldest 206^ pb/ 238^U age of （2 790 ± 150） Ma. The metamorphic overgrowth or metamorphic recrystallization zircon domain yields a diesordia with an upper intercept age of （2 044. 7 ± 29.3 ） Ma. Compositions of the mineral assemblage, major element geochemistry, and especially the complex interior texture of the zircon suggest that the prololith of the felsic granulite is of sedimentary origin. Results show that the protolith material of the granulite came from a provenance with a complex thermal history, i.e. -2.8 Ga magmatlsm and -2.5 Ga metamorphism, and was deposited in a basin not earlier than 2.5 Ga. The high-temperature and high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphic age was precisely constrained at （2.04±0.03） Ga, which indicates the granulite in Huangtuling area should be a relict of a Paleoproterozoic UHT （ultrahigh temperature） metamorphosed slab.

Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine-Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit,Southern North China Craton

The uncommon Mg-rich and Ti-poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine-magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton （NCC） remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore-forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low-Ti magnetite （TiO2 -0.1wt%） and serpentine （Mg#=92.42-96.55）, as well as residual olivine （Fo=89-90）, orthopyroxene （En=89-90） and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower AI, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe-Ti-V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine （Fo=83-87）, orthopyroxene （En=82-86）, humite （Mg#=82-84） and hornblende [XMg=0.87--0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite （Th-rich oxide） and monazite （LREE-rich phosphate） are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO2 （4.77-25.23wt%）, Fe203T （32.9-80.39wt%） and MgO （5.72- 27.17wt%） and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO2 （16.34-48.72wt%）, MgO （16.71- 33.97wt%） and Fe203T （6.98-30.92wt%）. The striking high Fe-Mg-Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high-Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of AI, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron-rich chemical precipitates （BIF） suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe-Mg-Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high-grade metamorphism and late-stage hydrothermal fluid modification.

Effect of Post-Added Water Amount on Pre-Concentrated Bark Foaming Materials by Mechanical Stirring

In this study,pre-concentrated bark,furfuryl alcohol and other biomass raw materials were used to prepare foaming materials by high-speed mechanical stirring without using a foaming agent.We investigated the effect of the postadded water amount on the properties of foaming materials.In particular,we determined basic physical properties of these materials,including the limiting oxygen index(LOI),porosity,thermal conductivity,thermogravimetric analysis,pore size distribution,and microstructure.The results of scanning electron microscopy(SEM)indicated that the pore size distribution was uniform and the pore size increased with increasing water volume.Thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DTG)showed that when the temperature reached 410°C,the foam was easily decomposed,the final residual mass was only 2.8%,and water addition had little effect on it.Moreover,the amount of post-added water is 5–30 g,the density and compression strength of the foamed materials gradually decreased,while the degree of pulverization increased.LOI ranged from 26.1%to 30.79%,and porosity ranged from 81%to 83%.The change in water volume greatly affected the foam’s performance,the performance of foamed material deteriorated as the amount of added water increased,but the effect on thermal conductivity was not very obvious.The highest thermal conductivity was only 0.0179 W/(m·K),still providing excellent thermal insulation.

Application of reflux classifier with closely spaced inclined channels in pre-concentrate process of fine antimony oxide particles

In this work,the reflux classifier with closely spaced inclined channels is used as the pre-concentration facility to improve the separation efficiency before the shaking table separation.Three operating parameters of reflux classifier(RC)to pre-concentrate fine(0.023−0.15 mm)tailings of antimony oxide were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM)using a three-level Box-Behnken design(BBD).The parameters studied for the optimization were feeding speed,underflow,and ascending water speed.Second-order response functions were produced for the Sb grade and recovery rate of the concentrate.Taking advantage of the quadratic programming,when the factors of feeding,underflow and ascending water are respectively 225,30 and 133 cm^3/min,a better result can be achieved for the concentrate grade of 2.31% and recovery rate of 83.17%.At the same time,70.48% of the tailings with the grade of 0.20% were discarded out of the feeding.The results indicated that the reflux classifier has a good performance in dealing with fine tailings of antimony oxide.Moreover,second-order polynomial equations,ANOVA,and three-dimensional surface plots were developed to evaluate the effects of each parameter on Sb grade and recovery rate of the concentrate.

The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills and geological implication in their formation

The source rock from which the sillimanite gneisses derive mainly was the biotite plagioclase gneiss in the Larsemann Hills. It is the deformation-metamorphism process under special pressure and temperature condition, not the original rock compositions, that controls the presence of sillimanite. To a great degree, the sillimanite gneiss was the mixture of the detaining materials of the migrating felsic melt from the bt-plagioclase gneiss that underwent partial melting and the relics when the melt was removed. In sillimanitization the original rock had been changed substantially in chemical composition. The related metamorphism process severely deviated from the isochemical series, the process was of, therefore, an open system. In addition, the Al2O3 contents of the original rock was an important, but not critical factor for the formation of sillimanite, i. e. , the sillimanite-bearing rock need not be of aluminum rich in composition, and vise contrarily, the aluminum rock may not produce sillimanite. The authors of the present paper postulate that the source rock from which the aluminum rich rock derives need not be of aluminum rich, but sillimanitization is generally the Al2O3 increasing process. The aluminum rich sediments such as clay or shale need not correspond directly to sillimanite-rich gneisses. No argillaceous rock present equals to sillimanite-rieh gneiss in chemical composition. The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, and their adjacent area may be pelite, shale greywacke, sub-greywaeke, quartz sandstone and quartz-tourmalinite. If correct, the conclusion will be of significant implication for the determination of the sillimanite gneiss formation process and the reconstruction of the protolith setting.

Reconstruction of protoliths of metamorphic rocks and tectonic setting of Wolegen Group

Parametamorphic rocks from Arong County in southeastern Inner Mongolia- Daxinganling district are regarded as Proterozoic in age, belonging to the Wolegen Group and composed of volcanoclastic and sand- stone in origin, and have been disputed in tectonic setting. Because of the stability in metamorphism, the rare earth elements indicate the features of their protoliths. The authors integrated the petrologic methods with the geochemical parameters which include ЕREE, ЕLREE/NHREE, δCe, δEu, La/Yb, Sm/Nd, Th/Sc and the standard values of chondrite. The results show that the protoliths of Wolengen Group may be a group of volcanoclastic and continental margin clastic rocks, and their tectonic setting is the continent island arc.

冀西北地区古元古代含石墨变质地层岩石矿物地球化学特征与成矿机制研究

冀西北地区已发现多处大、中型晶质石墨矿,具有良好的区域变质石墨矿成矿地质条件与找矿潜力。古元古代红旗营子岩群太平庄岩组、东井子岩组和集宁岩群下白窑岩组为该地区重要的成矿层位,本文对这些含矿地层岩石进行了详细的岩相学及地球化学等方面的研究,并对石墨矿成因机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明,红旗营子岩群含矿岩石为石墨石榴黑云斜长片麻岩,其原岩是以泥岩、黏土质砂岩、砂岩及碳酸盐岩为主的岩石组合,局部富含有机质,表明这些含碳岩石的成熟度较高,为温暖潮湿-半干燥气候条件下海陆交互-滨浅海相沉积;集宁岩群下白窑岩组含矿岩石为石墨石榴斜长变粒岩,其原岩是以内陆湖-滨浅海相沉积的成熟度较高的泥岩、黏土质砂岩、砂岩、石英砂岩为主的岩石组合,局部富含有机质,形成于半干燥-干燥炎热气候下氧化-弱氧化沉积环境,在沉积过程中伴有热水参与。石墨矿碳质成分均来源于原岩本身的原始沉积的有机碳。矿床受层位、岩相和岩性控制,经区域变质作用,有机碳结晶形成石墨矿,并在断裂的控制下出露于地表或近地表。

敦煌地块敖包山晶质石墨矿集区矿床地质特征、变质岩原岩恢复及形成环境

【研究目的】为解决敦煌地块敖包山晶质石墨矿集区晶质石墨矿床研究程度较低的问题,通过对该区变质岩原岩特征及古构造环境进行深入研究,以期为该区的成矿规律研究提供地质依据。【研究方法】本文运用岩石地球化学方法对该区变质岩进行原岩恢复,探讨其形成时的古构造环境。【研究结果】二云石英片岩、黑云斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩均具有轻稀土富集的特征。斜长角闪岩K_(2)ONa_(2)O,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K等,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、Sr等元素,具有明显的Eu负异常,LREE/HREE平均值分别为12.44和8.89,轻重稀土元素分异较强烈。【结论】敖包山晶质石墨矿集区变质岩原岩形成于浅水区,水动力环境较弱。斜长角闪岩的原岩为亚碱性基性火山岩,形成于岛弧环境;二云石英片岩和黑云斜长片麻岩的原岩为页岩、黏土岩,构造环境为活动大陆边缘,古沉积环境为干燥气候带条件下富氧的海陆交互相,古水体介质为半咸水。