In the present study, the ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger (ISSH) is studied experimentally to achieve the system performance, ice crystal formation time and the temperature of ice cryst...In the present study, the ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger (ISSH) is studied experimentally to achieve the system performance, ice crystal formation time and the temperature of ice crystal formation. The operating parameters considered in this paper include the concentration of salt solution, suction pressure, discharge pressure and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The result shows that the temperature of critical time of ice crystal formation decreases with the increasing concentration of salt solution and that the ice crystal formation time increases with the increasing concentration of salt solution. In the same concentration of salt solution, the ice crystal formation temperature of ISSH is lower than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system (BISS), and the ice crystal formation time of ISSH is shorter than that of BISS. On the whole, the EER of ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger is higher than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system.展开更多
为了减缓冷藏陈列柜结霜,在一台中温立式敞开式冷藏陈列柜上加装减湿预冷器,并针对加装前后冷藏陈列柜的性能进行了实验。实验结果表明:在国家标准GB/T21001.1—2007《冷藏陈列柜第2部分:分类、要求和实验条件》中设定的Climate class ...为了减缓冷藏陈列柜结霜,在一台中温立式敞开式冷藏陈列柜上加装减湿预冷器,并针对加装前后冷藏陈列柜的性能进行了实验。实验结果表明:在国家标准GB/T21001.1—2007《冷藏陈列柜第2部分:分类、要求和实验条件》中设定的Climate class 3实验条件下(测试环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为60%),加装减湿预冷器使冷藏陈列柜蒸发器的进口空气温度降低2.4℃,含湿量也相应降低;此外蒸发器的结霜速度变缓,在6h的融霜周期内融霜时间减少了28%,系统负荷降低了19.2%。展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pre-cooling and fluid replacement with either crushed ice or cold water.Methods: On 2 separate occasions, in a counterbalanced order, 9 recreationally-t...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pre-cooling and fluid replacement with either crushed ice or cold water.Methods: On 2 separate occasions, in a counterbalanced order, 9 recreationally-trained males ingested 1.25 g/kg(80–100 g) of either crushed ice(0.5℃)or cold water(4℃) every 5 min for 30 min before exercise. They also ingested 2.0 g/kg(130–160 g) of the same treatment drink at 15 min, 30 min, and45 min after the commencement of cycling to exhaustion at 60%VO_(2max) until voluntary exhaustion in a hot environment(35℃ and 30% relative humidity).Results: The cycling time to exhaustion in the crushed ice trial(50.0 ± 12.2 min) was longer than the cold water trial(42.2 ± 10.1 min; p = 0.02).Although the rectal temperature fell by 0.37℃± 0.03℃(p = 0.01) at the end of the resting period after the crushed ice ingestion, the rates of rise in rectal temperature during the exercise period were not significantly different between these 2 conditions(crushed ice: 0.23℃± 0.07℃, 5 min;cold water: 0.22℃± 0.07℃, 5 min; p = 0.94).Conclusion: Crushed ice ingestion before and during exercise in a hot environment may be a preferred and effective approach for minimizing thermal strain, and for improving endurance performance as compared with cold water ingestion.展开更多
文摘In the present study, the ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger (ISSH) is studied experimentally to achieve the system performance, ice crystal formation time and the temperature of ice crystal formation. The operating parameters considered in this paper include the concentration of salt solution, suction pressure, discharge pressure and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The result shows that the temperature of critical time of ice crystal formation decreases with the increasing concentration of salt solution and that the ice crystal formation time increases with the increasing concentration of salt solution. In the same concentration of salt solution, the ice crystal formation temperature of ISSH is lower than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system (BISS), and the ice crystal formation time of ISSH is shorter than that of BISS. On the whole, the EER of ice slurry refrigeration system with pre-cooling heat exchanger is higher than that of basic ice slurry refrigeration system.
文摘为了减缓冷藏陈列柜结霜,在一台中温立式敞开式冷藏陈列柜上加装减湿预冷器,并针对加装前后冷藏陈列柜的性能进行了实验。实验结果表明:在国家标准GB/T21001.1—2007《冷藏陈列柜第2部分:分类、要求和实验条件》中设定的Climate class 3实验条件下(测试环境温度为25℃,相对湿度为60%),加装减湿预冷器使冷藏陈列柜蒸发器的进口空气温度降低2.4℃,含湿量也相应降低;此外蒸发器的结霜速度变缓,在6h的融霜周期内融霜时间减少了28%,系统负荷降低了19.2%。
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pre-cooling and fluid replacement with either crushed ice or cold water.Methods: On 2 separate occasions, in a counterbalanced order, 9 recreationally-trained males ingested 1.25 g/kg(80–100 g) of either crushed ice(0.5℃)or cold water(4℃) every 5 min for 30 min before exercise. They also ingested 2.0 g/kg(130–160 g) of the same treatment drink at 15 min, 30 min, and45 min after the commencement of cycling to exhaustion at 60%VO_(2max) until voluntary exhaustion in a hot environment(35℃ and 30% relative humidity).Results: The cycling time to exhaustion in the crushed ice trial(50.0 ± 12.2 min) was longer than the cold water trial(42.2 ± 10.1 min; p = 0.02).Although the rectal temperature fell by 0.37℃± 0.03℃(p = 0.01) at the end of the resting period after the crushed ice ingestion, the rates of rise in rectal temperature during the exercise period were not significantly different between these 2 conditions(crushed ice: 0.23℃± 0.07℃, 5 min;cold water: 0.22℃± 0.07℃, 5 min; p = 0.94).Conclusion: Crushed ice ingestion before and during exercise in a hot environment may be a preferred and effective approach for minimizing thermal strain, and for improving endurance performance as compared with cold water ingestion.
