毛兰素调节Slit2/Robo1信号通路对糖尿病肾病模型大鼠肾小球内皮细胞血管生成的影响

目的 探讨毛兰素对糖尿病肾病(DN)模型大鼠肾小球内皮细胞血管生成的影响及slit同源蛋白2(Slit2)/轴突导向受体蛋白1(Robo1)信号通路的作用。方法 采用高糖高脂饲料持续饲养雄性SD大鼠8周,ip给予链脲佐菌素35 mg·kg^(-1)制备DN大鼠模型。将DN模型大鼠分为模型组及模型+毛兰素10,20和40 mg·kg^(-1)组(ig给予毛兰素,持续8周),每组10只,同时设置正常对照组(ig给予0.5%羟甲基纤维素钠,持续8周)。尿蛋白定量试剂盒测定大鼠24 h尿蛋白水平,全自动生化分析仪检测血清空腹血糖(FPG)和血肌酐(Scr)水平,PAS染色观察大鼠肾组织病理变化,免疫荧光法检测肾组织血小板内皮细胞黏附分子31(CD31)和足细胞标志蛋白(PCX)表达水平,Western印迹法检测肾组织Slit2和Robo1蛋白表达。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠FPG、Scr和24 h尿蛋白水平以及肾组织CD31、Slit2和Robo1蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);肾组织新增肾小球毛细血管,并出现肾小球肥大和系膜面积扩张,存在非管状CD31染色,缺少相邻PCX染色,以及部分CD31管状区域染色也缺乏相邻的PCX染色。与模型组比较,模型+毛兰素10,20和40 mg·kg^(-1)组大鼠FPG、Scr和24 h尿蛋白水平及肾组织CD31、Slit2和Robo1蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);肾组织新增肾小球毛细血管、肾小球肥大和系膜面积扩张现象减轻,CD31管状区域染色与PCX足细胞区域染色基本相邻。结论 毛兰素可能通过抑制Slit2/Robo1信号通路而抑制DN模型大鼠肾小球内皮细胞血管生成。

大豆异黄酮抑制Slit2/MAPK信号通路对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收和炎症反应的影响

目的:基于Slit同源物2(Slit2)/P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路探讨大豆异黄酮(SIF)对牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收和炎症反应的影响。方法:将大鼠分为对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、SIF低剂量组(L-SIF,25 mg/kg)、SIF高剂量组(H-SIF,75 mg/kg),每组10只,除对照组外,其余各组使用丝线结扎大鼠上颌第一磨牙的牙颈部建立牙周炎模型。L-SIF组和H-SIF组大鼠灌胃相应剂量SIF,Control组和Model组灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续4周。给药结束后,ELISA检测大鼠血清Slit2、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平;Micro-CT扫描检测釉牙骨质界至牙槽骨嵴顶(CEJ-ABC)距离和骨矿物质密度(BMD)、骨体积分数(BV/TV),评估牙槽骨丢失情况;HE染色和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色评估组织炎症反应、骨吸收和破骨细胞活性;免疫组织化学法(IHC)检测牙周组织骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)表达;Western blot检测牙周组织Slit2、P38 MAPK、p-P38 MAPK蛋白表达。结果:与Control组相比,Model组大鼠血清Slit2和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平、CEJ-ABC距离、牙周组织病理学损伤评分、破骨细胞数量、RANKL阳性表达、Slit2蛋白水平和p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK显著升高,BMD和BV/TV、牙周组织OPG阳性表达显著降低(均P<0.05);与Model组相比,L-SIF组和H-SIF组大鼠血清Slit2和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平、CEJ-ABC距离、牙周组织病理学损伤评分、破骨细胞数量、RANKL阳性表达、Slit2蛋白水平和p-P38 MAPK/P38 MAPK显著降低,BMD和BV/TV、牙周组织OPG阳性表达显著升高(P<0.05),且H-SIF组上述指标变化显著优于L-SIF组(P<0.05)。结论:SIF可抑制牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨吸收和炎症反应,改善牙周炎,其作用机制可能与抑制Slit2/P38 MAPK信号通路有关。

Young's double slit interference with vortex source

The fast and convenient demultiplex of optical vortex(OV) mode is crucial for its further application. We propose a novel approach that combines classic Young's doublet with an OV source to effectively identify the OV mode through the analysis of interference patterns. The interference patterns of the OV source incident on the double slits can be perfectly illustrated by using both the classical double-slit interference method and the Huygens–Fresnel principle. The interference fringes will twist along the negative or positive direction of x axis when topological charge(TC)l>0 or l<0, and the degree of the movement varies with the TC, allowing for a quantitative display of the OV characteristics through the interference patterns. Additionally, we deduce analytically that the zeroth-order interference fringe has a linear relationship with the TC and the vertical position. These findings highlight the ability to identify the OV mode by analyzing the interference patterns produced by Young's doublet.

Refinement of Adaptive Dynamical Simulation of Quantum Mechanical Double Slit Interference Phenomenon

We applied adaptive dynamics to double slit interference phenomenon using particle model and obtained partial successful results in our previous report. The patterns qualitatively corresponded well with experiments. Several properties such as concave single slit pattern and large influence of slight displacement of the emission position were different from the experimental results. In this study we tried other slit conditions and obtained consistent patterns with experiments. We do not claim that the adaptive dynamics is the principle of quantum mechanics, but the present results support the probability of adaptive dynamics as the candidate of the basis of quantum mechanics. We discuss the advantages of the adaptive dynamical view for foundations of quantum mechanics.

SLIT治疗BA的效果及对IL-17、IL-27水平和Th17/Treg平衡的影响

目的探讨舌下脱敏治疗(SLIT)支气管哮喘(BA)的效果及对白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-27水平和辅助性T细胞(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的影响。方法分析124名BA患者的临床资料。将患者随机分为观察组(n=62)和对照组(n=62)。两组入院后均接受常规治疗,对照组接受布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂,观察组基于对照组加舌下含服粉尘螨滴剂。比较两组疾病控制情况、临床症状评分、及外周血IL-17、IL-27水平和Th17/Treg。结果观察组总控制率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组临床症状评分、Th17/CD4^(+)和Th17/Treg和观察组IL-17均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-27、Treg/CD4^(+)均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论SLIT治疗BA具有良好的效果,可降低外周血IL-17水平,增加外周血IL-27水平,且纠正Th17/Treg免疫失衡。

宫颈癌组织SLIT3、SPARCL1表达及与术后复发的关系

目的 探讨宫颈癌组织SLIT3、SPARCL1蛋白表达与根治术后复发的关系。方法 选择2019年10月至2021年4月在医院接受宫颈癌根治术治疗的患者107例作为研究对象,并选择30例子宫良性病变手术切除患者作为对照组;随访1年根据随访结果分为复发组(n=25)和未复发组(n=82)。实时荧光定量检测(qPCR)组织SLIT3、SPARCL1 mRNA表达水平,免疫组化检测SLIT3、SPARCL1蛋白表达水平,分析SLIT3、SPARCL1蛋白表达与临床病理特征相关性,COX模型分析影响宫颈癌患者根治术后复发的危险因素。结果 107例根治术患者中25例患者复发,复发率为23.36%;SLIT3低表达患者术后复发率(31.15%)显著高于SLIT3高表达患者术后复发率(13.04%),SPARCL1低表达患者术后复发率(32.31%)显著高于SPARCL1高表达患者术后复发率(9.52%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。宫颈癌组SLIT3、SPARCL1m RNA表达显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);复发组患者宫颈癌组织SLIT3、SPARCL1 mRNA水平显著低于未复发患者,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。宫颈癌组织SLIT3、SPARCL1蛋白表达与分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移、基质浸润深度相关(P <0.05),与年龄、病理类型、肿瘤最大径无关(P> 0.05)。COX单因素分析显示,分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移、基质浸润深度、SLIT3蛋白表达、SPARCL1蛋白表达与宫颈癌患者根治术后复发相关(P <0.05);COX多因素分析显示,中/高分化、Ⅱa分期、淋巴结转移、基质浸润深度> 50%、SLIT3蛋白低表达、SPARCL1蛋白低表达是影响宫颈癌患者根治术后复发的独立危险因素(P <0.05)。结论 宫颈癌组织SLIT3、SPARCL1水平均低于正常宫颈组织,SLIT3、SPARCL1蛋白低表达是影响宫颈癌根治术后复发的独立危险因素,对预测宫颈癌术后复发具有一定的临床意义。

Analytical and experimental study on mild steel dampers with non-uniform vertical slits

This study proposes a novel mild steel damper with non-uniform vertical slits. The influence of different shapes of vertical slits of the core energy plate on the energy dissipation and buckling resistance capacities is analyzed. Based on the theoretical analysis, formulas of key parameters of the dampers, including the elastic lateral stiffness, shear bearing capacity and yield displacement, are derived. The effectiveness of the proposed damper is demonstrated through pseudo static tests on four 0.25-scale specimens. Performance of these dampers, i.e. cyclic deformation, stress distribution, energy dissipation capacity, etc., are presented and discussed. Using the numerical models of dampers calibrated through test data, earthquake time-history analyses were conducted, and it is observed that the dampers significantly reduce the seismic responses of the prototype frame and have a desirable energy dissipation capacity.

Effects of interplay between metal subwavelength slits on extraordinary optical transmission

In this paper we study the extraordinary optical transmission of one-dimensional multi-slits in an ideal metal film.The transmissivity is calculated as a function of various structural parameters.The transmissivity oscillates,with the period being just the light wavelength,as a function of the spacing between slits.As the number of slits increases,the transmissivity varies in one of three ways.It can increase,attenuate,or remain basically unchanged,depending on the spacing between slits.Each way is in an oscillatory manner.The slit interaction responsible for the oscillating transmission strength that depends on slit spacing is the subject of more detailed investigation.The interaction most intuitively manifests as a current distribution in the metal surface between slits.We find that this current is attenuated in an oscillating fashion from the slit corners to the center of the region between two adjacent slits,and we present a mathematical expression for its waveform.

A state-of-the-art review of mechanical characteristics and cracking processes of pre-cracked rocks under quasi-static compression

The mechanical characteristics and failure behavior of rocks containing flaws or discontinuities have received wide attention in the field of rock mechanics.When external loads are applied to rock materials,stress-induced cracks would initiate and propagate from the flaws,ultimately leading to the irreversible failure of rocks.To investigate the cracking behavior and the effect of flaw geometries on the mechanical properties of rock materials,a series of samples containing one,two and multiple flaws have been widely investigated in the laboratory.In this paper,the experimental results for pre-cracked rocks under quasistatic compression were systematically reviewed.The progressive failure process of intact rocks is briefly described to reveal the background for experiments on samples with flaws.Then,the nondestructive measurement techniques utilized in experiments,such as acoustic emission(AE),X-ray computed tomography(CT),and digital image correlation(DIC),are summarized.The mechanical characteristics of rocks with different flaw geometries and under different loading conditions,including the geometry of pre-existing flaws,flaw filling condition and confining pressure,are discussed.Furthermore,the cracking process is evaluated from the perspective of crack initiation,coalescence,and failure patterns.

Waveguide resonance of subwavelength metallic slits

The transmission characteristics of a metallic film with subwavelength periodic slits are investigated by using the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method （2D-FDTD）. Two models are constructed to show the dependance of the transmission spectrum on the slit structure. A sandwiched structure is used to exhibit the contribution of the metallic wall inside slits to the extraordinary high transmission. And a filled slit structure is employed to reflect the relation between the average refractive index inside the slits and the transmission spectrum of the structure. The transmission characteristics of two structures can be explained well with the waveguide resonance theory.

Analysis of imbibition of n-alkanes in kerogen slits by molecular dynamics simulation for characterization of shale oil rocks

Shale oil formations contain both inorganic and organic media.The organic matter holds both free oil in the pores and dissolved oil within the kerogen molecules.The free oil flow in organic pores and the dissolved oil diffusion in kerogen molecules are coupled together.The molecular flow of free n-alkanes is an important process of shale oil accumulation and production.To study the dynamics of imbibition process of n-alkane molecules into kerogen slits,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are conducted.Effects of slit width,temperature,and n-alkane types on the penetration speed,dynamic contact angle,and molecular conformations were analyzed.Results showed that molecular transportation of n-alkanes is dominated by molecular structure and molecular motion at this scale.The space-confinement conformational changes of molecules slow down the filling speeds in the narrow slits.The n-alkane molecules with long carbon chains require more time to undergo conformational changes.The high content of short-chain alkanes and high temperature facilitate the flow of alkane mixtures in kerogen slits.Results obtained from this study are useful for understanding the underlying nanoscale flow mechanism in shale formations.

Slit2和Robo1在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 观察Slit2和Robo1在浸润性乳腺癌的表达变化及其与浸润性乳腺癌临床病理指标的相关性,探讨Slit2/Robo1信号通路对浸润性乳腺癌病理过程的调控作用。方法 应用免疫组织化学法观察Slit2和Robo1在浸润性乳腺癌、乳腺纤维腺瘤和正常乳腺组织的表达;应用卡方检验或校正的卡方检验分析Slit2和Robo1在各组间阳性率差异;采用方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis或Mann-Whitney U检验分析Slit2和Robo1的免疫组织化学染色量差异;采用非参数Spearman等级相关分析检验Slit2和Robo1与浸润性乳腺癌临床病理指标相关性。结果 Slit2定位表达于细胞质;Robo1定位表达于细胞质和细胞核。Slit2和Robo1在浸润性乳腺癌的表达率和表达量明显低于乳腺纤维腺瘤和正常乳腺组织。在浸润性乳腺癌中,Slit2和Robo1具有高度相关性,且Slit2与ER、PR、Her2呈正相关(P<0.05);Robo1与ER、PR呈正相关(P<0.05)。Slit2/Robo1与浸润性乳腺癌患者年龄、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、病理分期和组织学分级无关(P>0.05)。结论 Slit2和Robo1在浸润性乳腺癌低表达,且与其发生、发展和预后存在相关性,提示Slit2/Robo1信号通路可能参与浸润性乳腺癌的病理过程,发挥调控作用。

Subwavelength beam manipulation via multiple-metal slits coupled by disk-shaped nanocavity

A novel plasmonic structure consisting of three nano-scaled slits coupled by nano-disk-shaped nanocavities is pro- posed to produce subwavelength focusing and beam bending at optical frequencies. The incident light passes through the metal slits in the form of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） ,and then scatters into radiation fields. Numerical simulations using finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method show that the transmitted fields through the design example can gener- ate light focusing and deflection by altering the refractive index of the coupled nanocavity. The simulation results indicate that the focal spot is beyond the diffraction limit. Light impinges on the surface at an angle to the optical axis will add an extra planar phase front that interferes with the asymmetric phase front of the plasmonic lens, leading to a larger bending angle off the axial direction. The advantages of the proposed plasmonic lens are smaller device size and ease of fabrication. Such geometries offer the potential to be controlled by using nano-positior!i0g systems for applications in dynamic beam shaping and scanning on the nanoscale.

Dynamics of vortex–antivortex pair in a superconducting thin strip with narrow slits

In the framework of phenomenological time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） formalism,the dynamical properties of vortex-antivortex（V-Av） pair in a superconductor film with a narrow slit was studied.The slit position and length can have a great impact not only on the vortex dynamical behavior but also the current-voltage（Ⅰ-Ⅴ） characteristics of the sample.Kinematic vortex lines can be predominated by the location of the slit.In the range of relatively low applied currents for a constant weak magnetic field,kinematic vortex line appears at right or left side of the slit by turns periodically.We found such single-side kinematic vortex line cannot lead to a jump in the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve.At higher applied currents the phase-slip lines can be observed at left and right sides of the slit simultaneously.The competition between the vortex created at the lateral edge of the sample and the V-Av pair in the slit will result in three distinctly different scenarios of vortex dynamics depending on slit length：the lateral vortex penetrates the sample to annihilate the antivortex in the slit;the V-Av pair in the slit are driven off and expelled laterally;both the lateral vortex and the slit antivortex are depinned and driven together to annihilation in the halfway.

Ultra-elongated depth of focus of plasmonic lenses with concentric elliptical slits under Gaussian beam illumination

In this paper, we discuss the influence of ratio of minor to major axis on the propagation property and focusing performance of a plasmonic lens with variant periodic concentric elliptical slits illuminating under a Gaussian beam. In order to analyse the influence theoretically, a finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） numerical algorithm is adopted for the computational numerical calculation and the design of the plasmonic structure. The structure is flanked with penetrated slits through a 200-nm metal film （Au） which is coated on a quartz substrate. Tunability of focusing capability of the plasmonic lenses is studied by tailoring the ratio. Our calculation results demonstrate that the ratio of the elliptical slits greatly affects the focusing capability of the lense. The plasmonic lenses with concentric elliptical slits illuminating under a Gaussian beam have ultra-elongated depth of focus. These results are very encouraging for the future study of the plasmonic lens-based applications.

THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTING RECEIVING SLITS AND USING RANDOMLY ORIENTED STANDARD SAMPLES ON QUANTITATIVE TEXTURE ANALYSIS

The influence of the selection of receiving slits and the use of standard samples with random orientation on the result of quantitative texture analysis was tested and discussed. The result proves that it will improve the precision of the analysis to use proper slits and a randomly oriented standard sample. A simple method was given to interpolate the correction curves of random intensities.

Characteristics of debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam

To accurately predict impact loads can ensure the safe operation of debris flow control projects.The instantaneous impact process is usually considered in the calculation of the debris flow impact force;however,the redistribution of an impact load after structural regulation is unclear.In this study we deduced the theoretical calculation of a debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam,and carried out a verification experiment on the debris flow impact.The calculation model considers the influence of the debris flow properties,dam arrangement and pile material.The results show that the impact force of the debris flow is obviously affected by the bulk density.When the bulk density is 21 kg/m^(3),the maximum impact force on the pile dam is 1.15 times that when the bulk density is 15 kg/m^(3),but the time it takes for the debris flow to pass through the dam body is reduced by 60%.The larger the relative pile spacing,the more sufficient the flow space and the lower the maximum impact force.The maximum impact force of relative pile spacing of 0.8 is 12%less than that of elative pile spacing of 0.5.The horizontal distribution of the impact force in the mud depth range is parabolic.The maximum impact force on the centre pier is 1.3 times that of a side pier,and the maximum impact force on the dam body appears at the top of the mud depth range.From the vertical distribution of the impact force,the maximum impact force at the highest mud mark is approximately 70%of that of the bottom.With the increase in the relative pile spacing,the longitudinal maximum impact force distribution first decreases and then increases.

H9N2禽流感病毒PB2蛋白627位点突变对小鼠肺脏RIP3、Slit2和Robo4表达和分布的影响

PB2蛋白627位点被证实是决定甲型流感病毒宿主范围和致病性的关键因子,为深入探究H9N2禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)及其PB2蛋白627位点突变株对BALB/C小鼠肺脏RIP3、Slit2和Robo4基因表达和组织分布的影响,该研究使用H9N2 AIV(V_(K627))和该毒株PB2蛋白627位点突变株(rV_(K627E))感染BALB/C小鼠,分别在攻毒后第1、3、5、6 d采集肺组织,通过qRT⁃PCR和免疫组织化学技术对RIP3、Slit2和Robo4基因在小鼠肺组织中的特异性表达和分布进行研究。结果显示,攻毒组小鼠肺脏RIP3的表达量与对照组相比显著上升,同时VK627组RIP3的表达量显著高于rV_(K627E)组;Slit2和Robo4的表达量在攻毒后第1 d明显低于对照组,之后rVK627E组的表达量与对照组和VK627E组相比显著上升。免疫组织化学检测结果显示,RIP3蛋白主要分布在小鼠肺泡壁上皮细胞以及肺动脉血管内皮细胞,呈弱阳性表达,而攻毒组RIP3蛋白在气管粘膜下层细胞也有中至强阳性表达;Slit2蛋白在对照组和rVK627E组小鼠的肺泡上皮细胞以及气管粘膜上皮细胞中呈现中强阳性表达,而在VK627组中呈现弱阳性表达。Robo4蛋白的分布和表达情况与Slit2蛋白相似。综上所述,H9N2 AIVs感染小鼠后,会显著影响RIP3和Slit2/Robo4的表达和分布,且其表达和分布与H9N2 AIVs对小鼠的致病性密切相关;PB2蛋白627位点的突变在H9N2 AIVs影响RIP3、Slit2和Robo4表达和分布中起着重要作用。该研究结果将为进一步探究H9N2 AIVs及其点突变毒株介导宿主病理发生的分子机制和抗炎策略的选择提供基础数据。

Slit2在小鼠银屑病样皮炎模型炎性浸润中的作用

目的观察分泌型糖蛋白Slit2在咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮炎模型中的表达及作用。方法采用免疫荧光观察咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮损中Slit2的定位,PCR及Western blot检测皮损中Slit2的表达。30只小鼠随机分为5组:正常组、IMQ模型组、Slit2 siRNA组、Slit2蛋白低剂量组(100 ng/ml)、Slit2蛋白高剂量组(300 ng/ml),每组6只小鼠。每天对小鼠皮肤进行PASI评分,HE染色测量表皮厚度,计数各组真皮内炎症细胞数及血管密度,RT-PCR检测各组皮损处IL-23、IL-17A、IL-22 mRNA表达量,免疫组化检测各组皮损处Ki67表达及CD3 T细胞数量。结果咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮炎模型皮损处Slit2的表达升高。相较于模型组,Slit2 siRNA处理后PASI评分增加,表皮变厚、表皮细胞增殖程度增加,真皮炎性细胞浸润增多及血管密度升高,IL-23、IL-17A、IL-22 mRNA水平升高,CD3 T细胞数量明显增加。给予重组Slit2蛋白处理后,PASI评分降低,表皮变薄,表皮细胞增殖程度降低,真皮炎性细胞浸润及血管密度降低,IL-23、IL-17A、IL-22 mRNA水平降低,CD3 T细胞浸润明显减少。结论Slit2在咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮损中表达升高,使用Slit2 siRNA抑制皮损处Slit2表达可加重皮炎程度,在皮损处使用重组Slit2蛋白处理可减轻皮炎程度,Slit2对咪喹莫特诱导的小鼠银屑病样皮炎具一定的抗炎作用。

Soller slits automatic focusing method for multi-element fluorescence detector

In X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) experiments,Soller slits are widely used as filter devices in order to improve the signal to noise ratio.Performing high accuracy manual focusing operations is a time-consuming process;therefore,this work introduces an automatic focusing method for Soller slits in multi-element fluorescence detectors.This method establishes a relation model between the fluorescence intensity distribution and the coordinates of the fluorescence excitation point.According to this relation model,the actual coordinates of the fluorescence excitation point can be deduced from the detected fluorescence intensity distribution and used in focusing operations.This method has proven to be feasible in an XAFS experiment at the BL14W1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.