The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content in...The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest,which decreased the value of corn kernels.To identify the reasons underlying the increase,we conducted a multiyear and-area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel dry-down.The test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre-and post-harvest,the kernel breakage rate,the amount of impurities,and the moisture content of various other plant tissues.An analysis of 411 pairs of pre-and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2%higher than that before harvest.In the staged-harvest test,however,a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%.The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content,breakage rate and impurity rate.Typically,at harvest time in this region,there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content,resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after harvest.Therefore,we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing stage.Additionally,farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities,thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.展开更多
Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatment...Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatments on the infection and development of microflora on canola seeds with 9%, 11%, and 14% moisture content at 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C was determined. To evaluate the microfloral infection and development, concentration of CO2 and O2 in 150 g canola bulks were measured every 3 d. At the beginning and end of the study (66 d), the seed moisture content, germination, visible mold, invisible fungal infection, and yellow seed count were measured. The swathed and nature ripened canola had a slightly higher respiration rate at ≥30°C and ≥ 2 wk than the seeds with other field treatments. The swathed canola had a marginally lower initial germination and higher germination at 66 d. The Glyphosate treated and nature ripened canola seeds had a slightly higher chance of visible model development. However, all these differences were not significant at α = 0.05 level and different field treatments and storage conditions did not influence the yellow seed count.展开更多
In order to investigate the temperature characteristics of wood during microwave(MW) treatments,optical fiber sensors were used to measure wood(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) temperatures. The results show ...In order to investigate the temperature characteristics of wood during microwave(MW) treatments,optical fiber sensors were used to measure wood(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) temperatures. The results show that the development of internal temperatures in wood basically includes two patterns during the process of MW treatment. The first may be divided into three phases: warming, constant temperature, and a sharply rising phase. The second pattern may be divided into two phases: warming, and constant temperature. The maximum temperature(MT) and rate of temperature increase(RTI)rose as the microwave power increased. The initial wood moisture content decreased while the period of constant temperature fell. Temperatures varied in different positions in the wood. The order of MT and RTI levels were the upper surface, center, bottom surface and the end point.Along the direction of wood thickness, the closer the monitoring point was to the generator, the faster the temperature increased. The MT and RTI of the end point was a minimum value because of the rapid removal of steam.展开更多
A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting ...A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting toilet by setting post-treatment conditions. The kinetics inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage, selected as indicator for pathogenic viruses were determined during post-treatment at different temperatures (30°C, 40°C and 50°C) with varying moisture contents (50%, 60% and 70%). As a result, the inactivation rates during the post-treatment were 0.093 - 0.020 h-1, 0.025 - 0.088 h1, 0.447 - 0.100 h-1 at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C respectively. The inactivation rate coefficient (k) values of MS2 bacteriophage depended on higher temperature but not on moisture content.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971849)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-25)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘The harvest method of shelling corn(Zea mays L.)kernels in the field decreases labor costs associated with transporting,drying and threshing the crop.However,it was previously found that the kernel moisture content increased after field harvest,which decreased the value of corn kernels.To identify the reasons underlying the increase,we conducted a multiyear and-area trial in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China and performed a staged-harvest test at several phases of kernel dry-down.The test investigated a range of parameters such as the kernel moisture content pre-and post-harvest,the kernel breakage rate,the amount of impurities,and the moisture content of various other plant tissues.An analysis of 411 pairs of pre-and post-harvest samples found that kernel moisture content after harvest was 2.2%higher than that before harvest.In the staged-harvest test,however,a significant increase was only observed when the kernel moisture content before harvest was higher than 23.9%.The increase in post-harvest kernel moisture content was positively associated with the pre-harvest kernel moisture content,breakage rate and impurity rate.Typically,at harvest time in this region,there is a significant fraction of immature crops with a high moisture content,resulting in kernels that are prone to breakage or impurities that ultimately lead to increases in water content after harvest.Therefore,we suggest using hybrids that quickly wither late in the growing stage.Additionally,farmers should delay harvest in order to minimize the pre-harvest kernel moisture content and thus reduce breakages and impurities,thereby improving the quality of kernels after harvest and the efficiency of corn kernel farming in China.
文摘Whether different field treatments such as straight cut, swathing, or pre-harvest aid application can influence the canola storage is the critical information for growers. The effect of these different field treatments on the infection and development of microflora on canola seeds with 9%, 11%, and 14% moisture content at 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C was determined. To evaluate the microfloral infection and development, concentration of CO2 and O2 in 150 g canola bulks were measured every 3 d. At the beginning and end of the study (66 d), the seed moisture content, germination, visible mold, invisible fungal infection, and yellow seed count were measured. The swathed and nature ripened canola had a slightly higher respiration rate at ≥30°C and ≥ 2 wk than the seeds with other field treatments. The swathed canola had a marginally lower initial germination and higher germination at 66 d. The Glyphosate treated and nature ripened canola seeds had a slightly higher chance of visible model development. However, all these differences were not significant at α = 0.05 level and different field treatments and storage conditions did not influence the yellow seed count.
基金financially supported by the National‘‘Twelfth Five-Year’’ Plan for Science&Technology(No.2015BAD14B04)the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201404516)
文摘In order to investigate the temperature characteristics of wood during microwave(MW) treatments,optical fiber sensors were used to measure wood(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) temperatures. The results show that the development of internal temperatures in wood basically includes two patterns during the process of MW treatment. The first may be divided into three phases: warming, constant temperature, and a sharply rising phase. The second pattern may be divided into two phases: warming, and constant temperature. The maximum temperature(MT) and rate of temperature increase(RTI)rose as the microwave power increased. The initial wood moisture content decreased while the period of constant temperature fell. Temperatures varied in different positions in the wood. The order of MT and RTI levels were the upper surface, center, bottom surface and the end point.Along the direction of wood thickness, the closer the monitoring point was to the generator, the faster the temperature increased. The MT and RTI of the end point was a minimum value because of the rapid removal of steam.
文摘A rural model composting toilet system still had some pathogens in the compost after months of operation and hence requires a post-treatment. The aim of the study was to sanitize compost withdrawn from the composting toilet by setting post-treatment conditions. The kinetics inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage, selected as indicator for pathogenic viruses were determined during post-treatment at different temperatures (30°C, 40°C and 50°C) with varying moisture contents (50%, 60% and 70%). As a result, the inactivation rates during the post-treatment were 0.093 - 0.020 h-1, 0.025 - 0.088 h1, 0.447 - 0.100 h-1 at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C respectively. The inactivation rate coefficient (k) values of MS2 bacteriophage depended on higher temperature but not on moisture content.
