Control of diffuse P-pollutants by multiple buffer/detention structures by Yuqiao Reservoir, North China

A case study on the transport process of agricultural diffuse P-pollutants was conducted in an experimental watershed locating in the north bank of Yuqiao Reservoir during 2001 and 2002. It was found that diversified artificial and natural buffer/detention landscape structures distributing along the ephemeral stream channel in this watershed played an important role of pollutants removal on downstream water quality, especially they have control effect on the diffuse P-pollutants transport process. Surface flow velocity was reduced sharply after passing through these structures. During continuous runoff events, the removal rate of TSS, TP, TDP, DRP by the whole system were 66.7%, 60.7%, 48.4%, and 43.3%, respectively. During discontinuous runoff events, removal rate of pollutants by the whole system was higher due to there was no or little surface water and pollutants exported from the watershed, of which removal rate of pollutants all exceeded 99%. The statistical analysis results of runoff events(n=8) indicated that dry pond was the steadiest structure for controlling diffuse P-pollutants export.

On-site stormwater detention for Australian development projects: Does it meet frequent flow management objectives?

On-site stormwater detention (OSD) is a conventional component of urban drainage systems, designed with the intention of mitigating the increase to peak discharge of stormwater runoff that inevitably results from urbanization. In Australia, singular temporal patterns for design storms have governed the inputs of hydrograph generation and in turn the design process of OSD for the last three decades. This paper raises the concern that many existing OSD systems designed using the singular temporal pattern for design storms may not be achieving their stated objectives when they are assessed against a variety of alternative temporal patterns. The performance of twenty real OSD systems was investigated using two methods:(1) ensembles of design temporal patterns prescribed in the latest version of Australian Rainfall and Runoff, and (2) real recorded rainfall data taken from pluviograph stations modeled with continuous simulation. It is shown conclusively that the use of singular temporal patterns is ineffective in providing assurance that an OSD will mitigate the increase to peak discharge for all possible storm events. Ensemble analysis is shown to provide improved results. However, it also falls short of providing any guarantee in the face of naturally occurring rainfall.

Incidence of Interpersonal Violence among Individuals with Drug Addiction Receiving Compulsory Treatment: A Survey at Two Drug Detention Centers in Hunan, China

Drug dependence is a serious global health problem.To assist individuals with drug addiction,China alone has established 678 Compulsory Detoxification Detention Centers （CDDCs） that treat over300,000i ndividuals who are required by national law to receive compulsory treatment;because community-based outpatient treatment failed.

Detention basins as best management practices for water quality control in an arid region

Flood control detention basins （DBs） can act as water quality control structures or best management practices （BMPs）. A key pollutant that DBs serve to settle out is particulate phosphorus, which adsorbs onto sediment. This study examines the sediment phosphorus concentration and its relationship with the particle size of sediment microcosms from pre- and post-rain event samples obtained from six DBs located in Clark County, Nevada. DBs were allotted a land use classification to determine if there was a correlation between the sediment phosphorus concentration and surrounding land use. The curve number method was used to calculate the runoff and subsequent phosphorus carried into the DB by the runoff. Our data show sediment phosphorus concentrations to he highest in soils from undeveloped areas. Runoff amount also plays a substantial role in determining the amount of phosphorus brought into the DB by sediment. This research has implications for improvement of water quality in arid regions.

Numerical analysis and evaluation of groundwater recession in a flood detention basin

This study analyzes the groundwater environment in the Yangzhuang flood detention basin in Henan Province,China.A numerical model of groundwater flow is established based on the hydrogeological conditions in the basin and changes of groundwater level in the flood detention basin under flood detention and recession conditions.The results show that during flood diversion and storage,the groundwater level in the basin rises,mainly in four flood detention zones,with a maximum rise of 1.0 m.After the floodwater recedes,the groundwater level slowly drops in the detention basin along with flood discharge,finally returning to its original level fifty days later.This study indicates that groundwater recession in the flood detention basin is a slow process,where the rise of groundwater level may cause environmental problems such as soil swamping.

Mental Disorders and Associated Factors among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Introduction: The number of children and adolescents admitted in Dar es Salaam juvenile centers due to misbehavior and criminal offences has risen from 20 to 30 per month. Increasing aberrant behaviors in children have been linked to mental disorders. Assessment of presence mental health disorders as the main cause of these behaviors would be important to restore mental health of children and assist the system to impose a fair trial. Objective: This study aimed to determine the presence of mental disorders and associated factors among children and adolescents within Dar es Salaam juvenile systems and explore factors that may affect their mental health while in juvenile home. Methods: The mixed research method was used to estimate prevalence of mental disorders by a cross-sectional study and a qualitative method was applied to evaluate mental disorders according to DSM IV TR criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of mental dysfunction by mental status evaluation was 3%: 95% (CI;25.3 - 43.2;n =37 out of 108). The younger age group (13 - 15) years presented with a prevalence of 30%: 95% (CI;14.7 - 44.5) while the older adolescents (16 - 17 years) had a prevalence of 55%: 95% (CI;43.3 - 67.1). Attention deficit disorder was found in some children, some had history of drug and alcohol abuse, with few sexual disorders, depression and brief psychotic reaction and was found to be common among adolescent with unstable family situations such as death of parents, divorce of parents, and single parented children. Conclusion: Findings are suggestive that there is a presence of underlying mental disorders in some of the adolescents in the juvenile detention. Thus mental health screening for children in juvenile homes should be made mandatory in order to identify causes of aberrant behavior as well as provide treatment, prevent complications and maintain mental health of these children. Mental health screening for such children would also assist in conducting a fair trial for these emancipated children.

The Legitimacy of Pretrial Detention

The utilization of pretrial detention,which constrains and expropriates the human rights of citizens,should be of legitimacy. That is to say,the implementation of pretrial detention must follow the standards of legitimacy and legal procedures. To guarantee the legitimacy,the process of pretrial detention should stick to three principles,the presumption of innocence,judicial inspection and proportion. The legitimacy benefits constructing the system of detention,preventing the alienation of pretrial detention,saving the judicial resources,perfecting the litigation structure,and improving non-costidal measures. Aiming at the deficiency of the legitimacy of pretrial detention in present China,there are necessities of promoting the constitution awareness of protection of human rights in criminal process,of constructing factual standard systems of legitimacy,and of perfecting the due procedural mechanism of pretrial detention.

Pre-trial Detention Houses and Protection of Detainees' Rights in China

Detainees’ rights in pre-trial detention houses are a means of assessing a country’s human rights protection. As a legal facility for carrying out criminal detention, a pre-trial detention house should remain neutral and safeguard detainees’ substantive and procedural rights. It should be an important base for the country to respect and protect human rights. At the macro level, protecting detainees’ rights comprises two aspects: 1) procedural rights, regarding which the principle of presumption of innocence should be applied; and 2) detainee treatment, regarding which the principle of socialization should be applied. At the current stage of China’s rights protection situation, China should improve detainees’ rights, such as the right to have an individual bed, the rights to health care and religious freedom, rules regarding the use of legirons, and transparency and independent monitoring mechanisms.

Sun Zhigang's Death and Reform of Detention System

The Measures on Aid and Management for Urban Vagrants and Beggars, issued by the State Council in mid-July, took effect on August 1. It marks a further improvement of China’s mechanism to aid urban vagrants and beggars. The new regulation has been enacted to replace the two-decade-old Measures for the Internment and Deportation of Urban Vagrants and Beggars. This policy reform has stemmed from the astounding case of Sun Zhigang, a young man that was brutally beaten to death while in custody at the Guangzhou Detention Center.

Diagnostic procedures and classification of antisocial behavior in Norwegian inmates in preventive detention

In official Norwegian government reports’ prison statistics, it is claimed that the prevalence of Dissocial Personality Disorder (DPD) or Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) among inmates in preventive detention is approximately 50%. Furthermore, previous findings have described a practice in which forensic examiners use the DSM SCID axis II for APD to confirm an ICD 10 diagnosis of DPD. Clinical investigation supported by the use of SCID Axis II for quality assurance was performed on almost half the population of inmates (46.4%) in preventive detention at a high security prison. The inmates had all committed severe violent acts including murder. All the information obtained by applying the DSM IV-TR criteria was tested against the ICD-10 Research Criteria (ICD-10-RC) for Dissocial Personality Disorder (ICD-10, DPD). It was found that all inmates met the ICD-10-RC for (DPD) and the DSM-IV-TR definition for Adult Antisocial Behavior (AAB). On the other hand, none met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for (APD). The SCID Axis II failed to identify inmates with APD because the DSM-IV-TR C-criteria, referring to symptoms of childhood Conduct Disorder (CD), were not met. These findings raise important questions since the choice of diagnostic system may influence whether a person’s clinically described antisocial behaviour should be classified as a personality disorder or not. For the inmates, a diagnosis of APD or DPD may compromise their legal rights and affect decisions on prolongation of the preventive detention. Studies have shown that combining the DSM and the ICD diagnostic systems may have consequences for the reliability of the diagnosis.

Human Rights for Detainees in Prisons and Detention Centers

China protects human rights of detainees in the entire process of the judicial system, from the making of law, to the administrationof justice, law enforcement and legal supervision. According to China＇s Constitution, detainees enjoy the following political rights： 1. All the rights that have not been deprived of just like ordinary citizens, including the fight of voting, the right to speech and publication; the fight to human dignity and non-humiliation, the right to non-infringement of personal safety, lawful property right and freedom of religious belief;

Design strategy for detent force reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

The detent force of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） is analyzed and the corresponding optimization methods are presented to reduce it. The detent force, which is divided into two components, i.e. resulting from the end effect and resulting from the slotting effect, can be analyzed respectively by the finite element method （FEM）. To reduce the detent force arising from the end effect, several optimal design techniques are utilized, namely, adopting the suitable length and end shape of the primary armature. The detent force resulting from the slotting effect is reduced by means of skewing and adjusting the width of the magnets mounted on the secondary armature, and adopting the fractional slots of the primary armature. The validity of the analytical detent force predictions and the effectiveness of the detent force reduction techniques are verified by the experimental measurements.

Optimal design of FRMSM to decrease detent force

An optimal configuration of the flux-reversal linear synchronous motor (FRLSM) with the optimal number of attachment permanent magnets (PMs) was presented. The optimal model of 2 000 N was designed to reduce the detent force by redesigning the air-gap structure and skewing. The design parameters,mover PMs and stator core,were selected for optimal design by DOE. The thrust and the detent force of the designed optimal models were compared by finite element analysis (FEA). As a result,the thrust of the optimal model is slightly decreased by 1.97% compared with the basic model,and the detent force of the optimal model is greatly decreased by 88.47% compared with the basic model.

Northeast Asia amid Korean Detente

Northeast Asia has all along been a place of great importance for major powers in the Far East. Because of its special geographical position, these powers have competed against each other for spheres of influence in the region since the very beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the present detente on the Korean peninsula will inevitably affect some big powers’ interests and exert a far-reaching influence on Asia-Pacific and world security situation.

基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略

定位力是永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)产生推力波动的主要原因,导致振动和噪声,恶化驱动系统运行性能。针对这一问题,该文提出一种基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器(PR-IMESO)的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略以提高系统控制精度和运行性能。首先,对PMLSM推力波动进行建模与分析,针对推力波动中占比较大的定位力分量,根据内模原理研究考虑定位力模型的内模扩张状态观测器(IMESO),并在观测器中引入谐振项以加强对二次脉动定位力的抑制。所提出抑制策略对PMLSM定位力具有良好的观测及补偿能力,还可对其余未建模的复杂动子推力波动进行抑制,具有较好的推力波动整体抑制效果。最后,在一台750 W的PMLSM实验平台上验证所提出抑制策略的有效性。

医院急诊抢救患者滞留现状及成因分析

目的调查简阳市人民医院急诊抢救患者滞留现状并探究其成因。方法回顾性分析2022年简阳市人民医院急诊室抢救的4834例患者的资料,依照急诊滞留时间是否超过6 h分成滞留组和未滞留组。以是否滞留为因变量,以可能导致急诊滞留的因素为自变量,采用二元logistic回归分析筛查急诊滞留的相关因素。结果抢救患者急诊滞留时间的中位数为4.84 h,滞留时间≤6 h有3721例(占76.98%),滞留时间>6 h有1113例(占23.02%);急诊滞留的影响因素主要有年龄、就诊时间、就诊季节、入院方式、涉及2个以上科室、分流去向、治疗依从性(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥41岁、就诊时间为17:00—<次日08:00、就诊季节为冬季、入院方式为自行入院、涉及2个以上科室、分流去向为住院、治疗依从性一般或差的抢救患者易出现急诊滞留情况。故医院急诊科应针对上述因素制定妥善的管理措施,以减少急诊滞留时间。

河北省涿州市“23.7”洪水模拟反演分析及思考

河北涿州“23.7”洪水影响大、损失重。为分析其原因,以及为灾后的恢复重建与今后的防洪治理等提供参考思路,建立了涿州市相关区域二维洪水数值仿真模型,对涿州市“23.7”洪水进行模拟反演及淹没影响对比分析。结果表明:除极端暴雨引发的洪水量级大外,涿州市特殊的地理位置,防洪工程薄弱,蓄滞洪区内建设用地大量增加,是本次洪水影响大、损失重的主要原因。涿州市今后的防洪治理及其蓄滞洪区内的土地开发建设,除参考相关区域的开发经验外,更应加强防洪工程建设、完善洪水防御体系、加强蓄滞洪区的建设与管理,强化洪水风险分析及实时预报预警,提高公众的洪水风险防范意识等。

黄河下游花园口以上河道滞沙指标研究

水沙搭配关系是影响黄河下游河道冲淤调整的重要因素,局部河段滞沙则是改善下游水沙关系的有效手段之一。小浪底水库运用后,河槽沿程冲刷不均衡,河床粗化,细沙补给不足,输沙效率明显降低。分析黄河下游河道冲淤特性及水沙演进规律,建立不同类型洪水滞沙河段(花园口以上河段)与排洪瓶颈河段(高村—艾山河段)的冲淤关系。基于滞沙对河道行洪和稳定性的影响,以排洪瓶颈河段不淤积为约束,提出洪水滞沙的水沙优化配置指标。中泥沙洪水滞沙指标为:洪水平均流量为1800~3700 m^(3)/s,平均含沙量为66~235 kg/m^(3)。

黄河下游花园口以上河段滞沙能力分析

黄河下游河床调整主要取决于来水来沙和河床边界条件,河床调整沿程不均衡特征明显,花园口以上河段床演变对水沙条件的变化响应尤为突出,泥沙冲淤调整幅度最大。基于河道冲淤及水沙演进特性、滞沙可行性、河槽几何特性等分析,提出了花园口以上河段可作为泥沙天然反调节“库”概念,结合黄河下游实测洪水资料,采用水力计算方法,计算了花园口以上河段的河槽排洪能力及不同河槽规模条件下河槽允许滞沙量,提出了反调“库”滞沙能力,可为小浪底水库排沙指标的确定提供依据,对维持小浪底水库有效库容、弥补后续清水河床沙源不足、改善黄河下游河槽冲淤不均衡现象具有重要意义。

雨水调节池沉积物去除效能

雨水调节池是重要的径流污染、径流峰值控制绿色基础设施。雨水调节池设置水质控制容积,颗粒悬浮物通过沉淀作用去除,水质控制容积的设计标准为年径流总量控制率,关键设计参数为设计排空时间与设计表面负荷;通过设置微型池或永久池,可延长雨水停留时间,提升沉积物去除效能。结合案例,系统梳理了雨水调节池沉积物去除效能计算的基本公式,介绍了基于数理统计、SWMM模拟的计算方法,可为完善雨水调节池设计方法提供参考。