Effect of Freeze-thaw Cycles on Bond Strength between Steel Bars and Concrete

The effect of freezing and thawing cycles on mechanical properties of concrete （compressive, splitting tensile strength） was experimentally investigated. According to the pullout test data of three kinds of deformed steel bars, the bond stress-slip curves after freezing and thawing were obtained. The empirical equations of peak bond strength were proposed that the damage accounted for effects of freezing and thawing cycle. Meanwhile, the mechanism of bond deterioration between steel bars and concrete after freezing and thawing cycles was discussed. All these conclusions will be useful to the durability design and reliability calculation of RC structures in cold region.

Tensile Strength Characteristics of GFRP Bars in Concrete Beams with Work Cracks under Sustained Loading and Severe Environments

To investigate the effect of different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads, the beams were exposed in indoor, freeze/thaw cycles and immersed in alkaline solution at elevated temperature. The bars were carefully extracted from the beams and tested in order to evaluate residual tensile properties. The results show that the tensile strength decreased significantly in the highly aggressive conditions but not in the natural conditions. The effect of GFRP bars casting in concrete beams demonstrated approximately 2.5% decrease of tensile strength caused by pore water environment in concrete beams on basis of those of the original bars. The effect of sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 10.5% tensile strength decrease on basis of those of the bars only casted in concrete beams. The effect of environments under sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 17% tensile strength decrease caused by a saturated solution of Ca（OH）2 and 60-2 ℃ tap water （pH=12-13） and about 8% tensile strength decrease caused by freezing and thawing cycle （F/T）, both on basis of those of the bars of the indoor beams only under sustained loading plus work cracks. The results demonstrate the effects of the tensile strengths under different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads.

Comparative Studies of Steel, Bamboo and Rattan as Reinforcing Bars in Concrete: Tensile and Flexural Characteristics

This study comparatively evaluated the flexural performance and deformation characteristics of concrete elements reinforced with bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris), rattan (Calamuc deerratus) and the twisted steel rebars. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation of 50 specimens of the three materials were determined using a universal testing machine. Three beams of concrete strength 20 N/mm2 at age 28 days were separately reinforced with bamboo, rattan and steel bars of same percentage, while the stirrups were essentially mild steel bars. The beams were subjected to centre-point flexural loading according to BS 1881 to evaluate the flexural behaviour. The YS of bamboo and rattan bars were 13% and 45% of that of steel respectively, while their UTS were 16% and 62% of that of steel in the same order. The elongation of bamboo, rattan and steel were 7.42%, 10% and 14.7% respectively. The natural rebars were less than the 12% minimum requirement of BS 4449. The load-deflection plots of bamboo and steel RC beams were quadratic, while rattan RC beams had curvilinear trend. The stiffness of bamboo RC beams (BB) and rattan RC beams (RB) were 32% and 13.5% of the stiffness of steel RC beams (SB). The post-first crack residual flexural strength was 41% for BB and SB, while RB was 25%. Moreover, the moment capacities of BB and RB corresponded to 51% and 21% respectively of the capacity of steel RC beams. The remarkable gap between the flexural capacities of the natural rebars and that of steel can be traced not only to the tensile strength but also the weak bonding at the bar-concrete interface. It can be concluded that the bamboo bars are suitable rebars for non-load bearing and lightweight RC flexural structures, while more pre-strengthening treatment is required more importantly for rattan for improved interfacial bonding and load-carrying capacity.

Analysis on plastic properties of reactive powder concrete continuous beams reinforced with GFRP bars

To study the plastic properties of reactive powder concrete continuous beams reinforced with GFRP bars,the calculation programs for moment redistribution coefficients are prepared by using nonlinear analysis methods such as moment-curvature,conjugate beam method and so on. By comparing the test results of existed FRP bars reinforced concrete continuous beams with simulation results,the accuracy of the calculation program is verified. Then 18 simulated GFRP bars reinforced reactive powder concrete continuous beams are selected whose change parameters are reinforcement ratio of mid-span and middle support. Through the nonlinear analysis of simulated beams,moment redistribution coefficients under mid-span concentrated loads,one-third point loads and uniformly distributed loads are obtained respectively. Thus the formula of moment redistribution coefficients is obtained by fitting moment redistribution coefficients and factors. The results show that the reactive powder concrete continuous beams reinforced with GFRP bars have good plastic properties.

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Flexural Behavior of Recycled Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars

This paper experimentally investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP)bars.A total of twelve beams were built and tested up to failure under four-point bending.The main parameters were reinforcement ratio(0.38%,0.60%,and 1.17%),recycled aggregate replacement ratio(R=0,50%,and 100%)and longitudinal reinforcement types(GFRP and steel).The flexural capacity,failure modes,flexibility deformation,reinforcement strains and crack distribution of the tested beams were investigated and compared with the calculation models of American code ACI 440.1-R-15,Canadian code CSA S806-12 and ISIS-M03-07.The tested results indicated that the reinforcement ratio has great influence on the ultimate load,crack width and deflection of GFRP-RAC beams,the recycled aggregate replacement ratio has little influence on it.However,it was found that the reinforcement ratio has no obvious influence on the cracking load which was only related to the recycled aggregate replacement ratio.The average cracking load decreased by 5%and 15%as the recycled aggregate replacement ratio increased from 0 to 50%and 100%.For the steel-RAC beams,the ultimate load was found to be about 1/2 of the ultimate load of GFRP-RAC beam under the same condition and the trend of strain,deflection and crack width were different from GFRP-RAC beams.This is due to the different material properties of GFRP bars and steel rebar.On the other hand,the calculation results showed that ACI 440.1-R-15 and CSA S806-12 underestimated the ultimate load of GFRP-RAC beams.Moreover,the deflection prediction of GFRP-RAC beams by CSA S806-12 is relatively accurate compared with ACI 440.1-R-15 and ISIS-M03-07.As for the prediction of crack width,the results of ACI 440.1-R-15 prediction were in good agreement with the experimental results at the ultimate load,with the average value of 1.09±0.28.

Performance Evaluation of One-Way Concrete Slabs Reinforced with New Developed GFRP Bars

The incorporation of fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) bars in construction as a replacement to steel bars provides a superior material which is capable to overcome corrosion problems. However, serviceability requirements are important issues to be considered in the design of concrete elements reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) bars which are known to have larger deflections and wider crack widths as well as weaker bond compared with steel reinforced concrete. As a solution to this problem, square GFRP bars are proposed. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation that was performed, in which newly developed square and circular GFRP bars were fabricated in the lab. Also, the GFRP bars were tested and used to reinforce concrete slabs. A total of nine full-scale GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) one-way slabs were constructed, tested and analyzed, considering the most influencing parameters such as the cross sectional shape of GFRP bars, reinforcement ratio, the concrete characteristics strength, and adding polypropylene fibers to the concrete mixture. The test results were showed that, the tested slabs with GFRP square bars improved the deflection and cracking behavior as well as the ultimate load.

Mechanical performance of the mixed post-installed connection in low-strength concrete

Due to inadequate bearing capacity of the chemically-planted steel bar in low-strength concrete, a new mixed post-installed connection is proposed using small diameter anchoring steel bars and grouting materials together to anchor the main steel bar. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed post-installed connections, a series of pull-out tests with different anchors were conducted for comparison,including fully adhesive anchors, partially adhesive anchors,grouting material anchoring connection and the new mixed post-installed connection. The experimental results of the single steel bar pull-out test show that the mixed post-installed connection can effectively enhance the bearing capacity of post-installed steel bars in low-strength concrete. The bearing capacity is increased by nearly two times with no cone-type concrete failure compared with the fully adhesive anchor. The results show that adopting the new mixed post-installed connection can ensure that joint performance meets the requirements if the space dimension is available.

Behavior of Corrosion-Repaired Concrete Beams Reinforced by Epoxy Mortar

The performance of concrete beams repaired with epoxy mortar was investigated by constructing twelve beam specimens.All the beam specimens were subjected to a constant current for accelerated corrosion.Six specimens were corroded without subsequent reparation as a control group,and the other six beam specimens were corroded and repaired utilizing epoxy mortar.All specimens were tested to failure.During test process,we focused on the failure pattern of beam specimens,structural cracks,mid-deflections,bearing capacity,and probed into the influence of corrosion degree and repair of epoxy mortar on the performance of beam specimens.It was observed that corrosion-repaired beams in the loading test were in a bending failure pattern.It is obvious that cracking loads and bending stiffness of repaired beams and corrosion-repaired beams were larger than those of unrepaired beams and secondly-corroded beams.When the mass loss of main steel bars was smaller than 10%,the bearing capacity of the repaired beams was similar to that of the unrepaired beams.When the mass loss of main steel bars was larger than 10%,the bearing capacity of the repaired beams increased significantly compared with that of the unrepaired beams.

Impact Resistance of Reactive Powder Concrete

The impact behaviour of three types of reactive powder concretes （RPC） was studied using the split Hopkinson press bar （SHPB） testing method. These RPC were prepared with steel fiber volume fraction of 0%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. The stress-strain relationship, strain rate sensitivity threshold value, dynamic strength increase factor, modulus of elasticity and failure pattern of these RPC specimens subjected to impact load were investigated. From the tests, the strain rate sensitivity threshold value of 50 s-1 was obtained. The experimental results showed that when the strain rate increased from the threshold value to 95 s-1, the maximum stress of RPC increased by about 20% and the modulus of elasticity of RPC increased by about 30%. The failure pattern of RPC specimens with steel fiber reinforcement was very different from that of the RPC matrix specimen when subjected to impact loading. Under similar impact loading rate, cracks developed in the steel fiber reinforced RPC specimens, whilst the RPC matrix specimens were broken into small pieces.

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON DYNAMIC COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETES

Split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） technique is used to determine the dynamic strength of reactive powder concretes （RPCs） with different steel-fiber contents. Two types of pulse shapers with different thicknesses are considered to reduce the high-frequency-oscillation effect and achieve a nearly constant strain rate over a certain deformation range. It is known that the compressive strength of concrete-like materials is hydrostatic-stress-dependent, and the apparent dynamic strength enhancement comes from both the effects of the hydrostatic stress and strain rate. In order to differentiate them, numerical method is used to calculate the contribution of the hydrostatic stress, and then the genuine strain-rate effect on dynamic compressive strength of RPCs is determined. In addition, the effect of steel-fibers on dynamic strength and failure mode of RPCs is discussed.

Application of Geological Prospecting Radar to Detecting the Reinforced Concrete Blocks of East Runway of the Capital International Airport of China

The geological prospecting radar, a high-techuology rapidly developed in recent years, is used in the field of nondestructive testing and object detecting, in accordance with the reflection principle of high-frequency electromagnetic wave. It will be effective if there exists a large difference in the electromagnetic properties between an object body and its surroundings. The result of using the geological prospecting radar in detecting the concrete blocks with ber in the capital internatioual airport’s east runway is aualyed in detail herein. The introduction of the geological prospecting radar provides a new approach to nondotodive testing.

高温下玄武岩纤维增强地质聚合物混凝土的动态压缩力学行为

为研究高温下玄武岩纤维增强地质聚合物混凝土(BFRGC)的动态压缩力学行为,本文制备了纤维体积掺量为0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的BFRGC试件,并对其进行了不同温度(20、200、400、600、800℃)下的动态冲击试验。结果表明:BFRGC试件静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度和比能量吸收具有明显的温度强化效应和高温损伤效应,峰值应变表现出显著的温度塑化效应。BFRGC试件的静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度的温度阀值为400℃。随着温度的升高,BFRGC试件的静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度和比能量吸收均先增大后减小,峰值应变不断增大。掺加适量的玄武岩纤维可以提高常温及高温下地质聚合物混凝土的静态抗压强度和动态力学性能,且其最佳掺量为0.1%。

玄武岩纤维棒聚合物混凝土的弯曲韧性

研究了玄武岩纤维棒(BFB)的纤维增强指数I_(R)对玄武岩纤维棒聚合物混凝土(BFB-PC)韧性指标T_((2(n-1)))(n)的影响,通过分形理论探究了T_((2(n-1)))(n)与裂缝形貌的关系,并建立了弯曲韧性计算模型.结果表明:当IR=90.0时,BFB对BFB-PC的增韧效果最优,此时BFB-PC的弯曲韧性比未掺BFB时提升了8.39倍;BFB的增韧阈值为IR=37.5和IR=90.0;当IR相同时,与未掺聚合物的混凝土相比,聚灰比为0.06的BFB-PC T_((2(n-1)))(n)更高;IR越大裂缝形貌越复杂,T(2(n-1))(n)与裂缝分形维数呈二次函数关系;本文提出的弯曲韧性计算模型准确描述了BFB对PC梁的增韧作用,其试验值与理论值的相对误差小于15.00%.

BFRP筋回收轮胎钢纤维混凝土黏结性能分析

对玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)筋在回收轮胎钢纤维(RTSF)混凝土中的黏结性能进行了试验和分析研究.对不同RTSF体积掺量、BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度的试件进行了拉拔试验,研究其对黏结破坏模式、黏结滑移响应和黏结强度的影响,并提出了BFRP筋RTSF混凝土的黏结滑移理论模型.结果表明:BFRP筋RTSF混凝土黏结破坏类型包括拔出破坏、劈裂破坏以及拔出且劈裂破坏;BFRP筋直径对黏结破坏模式无显著影响,而RTSF体积掺量、BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度均对黏结强度有较大影响,且RTSF体积掺量与极限黏结强度呈正相关,BFRP筋直径和嵌入长度对其影响与之相反;当RTSF体积掺量从0增大至1.5%时,其极限黏结强度最大可提高约23.87%.与已有模型相比,所提出的黏结滑移理论模型对BFRP筋RTSF混凝土的黏结滑移曲线具有更高的拟合精度.

GFRP筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力研究

为研究GFRP筋再生混凝土梁(GFRP-RAC)的受弯承载力,完成了5根配GFRP筋、1根配BFRP筋和1根配钢筋的再生混凝土梁抗弯试验,分析了不同再生骨料取代率、纵筋类型以及纵筋配筋率等因素对各试验梁开裂荷载和极限承载力的影响。结果表明:再生骨料取代率对开裂荷载的影响较大,而纵筋类型及纵筋配筋率对其影响不明显;当再生骨料取代率由0增加至50%和100%时,试验梁开裂荷载分别减小了7.9%和17.3%;极限承载力受再生骨料取代率影响较小而受纵筋配筋率影响较大,当GFRP-RAC梁纵筋配筋率由0.38%提高至0.6%和1.17%时,极限荷载分别提升了17.9%和52.5%。另外,结合国内外规范对GFRP-RAC梁的受弯承载力进行对比分析,并基于试验数据和相关试验结果的回归分析,得到开裂荷载修正系数αcr,开裂荷载修正后的计算值与试验值吻合较好。

HRB635级高强钢筋与C70高强混凝土黏结锚固性能试验研究

目的 研究HRB635级高强钢筋与C70高强混凝土之间黏结锚固性能,为工程应用提供参考。方法 设计制作了5组45个直锚试件进行拉拔试验,分析了锚固长度、配箍率、混凝土保护层厚度等因素对锚固性能的影响。结果 试件极限承载力随配箍率和锚固长度的增加而增加,但当箍筋率ρsv大于1.26%,锚固长度la大于15d后,配箍率和锚固长度的增加不再对试件极限承载力产生明显的影响;对于未配置箍筋的试件,当试件保护层厚度从2d增加到3d时,试件极限承载力随着保护层厚度的增加而增加,但当保护层厚度大于3d后,保护层厚度的增加对试件极限承载力基本没有影响。结论 在进行HRB635级高强钢筋和C70高强混凝土试件设计时,锚固长度可按《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)中相关公式进行计算,且具有足够的安全储备。

薄壁钢板局部屈曲关键问题研究进展

钢结构以及钢-混凝土组合结构由于其强度高、耗能能力好、施工方便等优异性能,被广泛应用于工程结构中。然而,随着高强度钢材的应用,薄壁钢板呈现薄壁化、宽厚比随着构件截面尺寸的增大而不断增大的趋势,由于工程结构及荷载的复杂性等因素,钢板过早发生局部屈曲的风险不断加大,薄壁钢板的局部屈曲问题凸显,亟待开展系统性深入研究。对薄壁钢板局部屈曲研究的进展进行了概述,分析总结了现有试验研究和理论研究方面存在的局限性,详细介绍了笔者团队近年来聚焦于薄壁钢板局部屈曲关键问题开展的一系列研究工作及成果。

FRP筋混凝土短梁抗剪性能试验研究及承载力计算

为分析梁高、剪跨比、腹筋率等参数对纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋混凝土短梁抗剪承载力的定量影响,并验证前期基于拉杆拱模型提出的抗剪承载力计算方法的科学合理性,对11根玄武岩FRP筋混凝土短梁开展了剪切破坏试验,试验梁最大梁高为1.2 m.试验结果表明,梁高、剪跨比、水平腹筋率、竖向腹筋率均对FRP筋混凝土短梁的抗剪承载力有显著影响.当梁高由300 mm增大到1200 mm,试验梁的无量纲极限抗剪强度下降46.7%.当水平腹筋率由0增大至1.0%,试验梁的无量纲极限抗剪强度提高40.5%.基于拉杆拱模型提出的抗剪承载力计算式可以合理反映梁高、剪跨比、水平腹筋率等因素的影响规律,计算结果与本试验结果及搜集试验数据均吻合良好.

BFRP筋与再生骨料混凝土粘结性能试验研究

为探究玄武岩纤维筋(BFRP筋)与再生骨料混凝土的粘结性能,对其进行中心拔出试验。基于试验结果,探究了其破坏形态以及粘结机理,研究再生混凝土强度等级、筋材直径和再生骨料替代率对BFRP筋和再生骨料混凝土粘结性能影响。结果表明,BFRP筋与再生骨料混凝土粘结有拔出破坏和劈裂破坏两种破坏形态;BFRP筋与再生骨料混凝土粘结滑移曲线可分为微滑移段、滑移段、下降段和残余应力段;提高再生混凝土的强度等级可以延缓混凝土内部裂缝的产生与演化,进一步提高BFRP筋表面肋与混凝土之间的机械咬合作用,增大BFRP筋与再生混凝土的粘结强度;因剪力滞后效应,BFRP筋与再生骨料混凝土的粘结强度随着BFRP筋直径的增加而降低;再生骨料替代率的增加会对BFRP筋和再生骨料混凝土的粘结应力产生不利影响。

极地低温下CFRP筋与混凝土黏结性能数值分析

为进一步了解极地低温下碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)筋与混凝土的黏结性能,在现有试验的基础上,采用ABAQUS软件建立考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型,分析64种工况,研究低温下CFRP筋直径、肋高、肋宽与混凝土保护层厚度等参数对黏结性能的影响。结果表明:考虑CFRP筋表面特征的数值模型可以较好地表征CFRP筋与混凝土之间的应力传递,能够反映低温下CFRP筋与混凝土的损伤情况与黏结破坏机制;低温可显著提高CFRP筋-混凝土的黏结强度;在低温下,随着CFRP筋直径的增加,CFRP筋与混凝土的黏结强度降低,同时弱化了低温对黏结强度的增强效应;随着CFRP筋肋高的增加,CFRP筋-混凝土的低温黏结强度呈现先提高后降低的趋势,肋高为筋材直径8%时黏结强度达到最大值;CFRP筋肋宽的变化主要影响黏结滑移曲线的形状;相比常温试件,在低温下试件发生拔出破坏时的混凝土保护层厚度更大。