Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with high pre-pregnancy body mass index

Background/Aims: Obesity along with high prepregnancy body mass index (PP-BMI) is known to cause many adverse pregnancy outcomes. In Thailand, there is not much study showing both the prevalence and complications of these conditions. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of prepregnancy overweight and obesity and their impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study. Data were collected retrospectively from hospital electronic database along with manual retrieval from medical charts and labor records. Data of all delivery women from 1st February 2011 to 31st August 2012 were collected. When excluded cases with incomplete data and those without PP-BMI, 5420 cases were into analysis. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were used with both univariate and multivariate methods. Results: The proportion of pregnant women with overweight and obesity were 11.1% and 3.9%. After multiple logistic regression analysis was done, women in obesity group were correlated with having 1, 2 and 3 complications. They were also correlated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, higher birth weight group and long neonatal length. Conclusions: This Thai prevalence of obesity in pregnancyshould alarm health care providers to be more prepared, for a future health problem of the country. Many complications that come with obese pregnant women that were reported in western countries also happen in Thai population. Decreasing body weight before conception, giving correct health education, well planned pregnancy;antenatal lifestyle intervention and even gestational weight gain restricttion could help avoiding these uneventful morbidities.

Assessment of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental age

The aim of the study was to determine the rela-tionship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and accelerated dental development. The dental developmental ages of 100 children aged between 8 and 12 years were determined using the Demirjian method and panoramic radiographs. BMI status was determined for each subject on the basis of the system developed by the International Obesity Task Force. There was a significant direct relationship between dental development and BMI (P < 0.01). Obese children have a higher rate of dental development compared to normal children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is an important variable to be considered when planning for dental and orthodontic treatments in obese children. Brief objectives statement: Overweight or obesity can accelerate dental development. Accelerated dental development in overweight children is important to be considered in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.

Eating Habits, Family Flexibility and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in Gifted Students

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of eating habits and family flexibility on the body mass index in gifted students of the eighth and ninth grade of high school. The research design of this study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research included all high school gifted students of the eighth and ninth grade. The sample consisted of 220 gifted students who were selected by random sampling method. The average age of these participants was 14.56 years old, SD 10.41. Average participants BMI was 31.25, SD 3.12. One hundred and fifteen (52.28%) of these students were females and one hundred and five (47.72%) were males. Family flexibility was measured by Shakeri flexibility scale, eating habits were measured through Coker and Roger Eating Habits Questionnaire and body mass index was tested by Omron digital device. Using SPSS software, the data were analyzed to calculate correlation and simultaneous regression. The results of correlation showed that in these students, concern with weight and dieting and total eating habits have significant relationship with BMI (P < 0.001). The result of simultaneous regression also showed that concern with weight and dieting and total eating habits could explain BMI in these students (P < 0.001) and family flexibility could not explain BMI in these students (P < 0.005). The results emphasize the more important role of eating habits than family flexibility on BMI in gifted students because of sensitive and higher level of intelligence and high peer competitions.

A comparison of elderly (20～65 yrs) life style with body mass index (BMI)25

Objective:compare the habits and features of obese (BMI>25) and normal (BMI<25) individuals and express a method to ameliorate the life styles using a cross-sectional experiment.Methods:A total of 220 randomly selected cases were divided into case group (n=110) and control group (n=100) according to the calculated BMI level.Samples with BMI>25 kg/m2 were assigned to the case (obsess) group and those with BMI ranging from 20 to 25 were assigned to control (normal) group.The Miller-Smith life style questionnaires consisting 20 questions each with 5 different answers were given to both groups.Data of the questionnaires were collected and analyzed using t-test and Chi-square with SPSS.Results:No significant differences were found among the two groups in terms of the mean age,gender,level of education,marital status,insurance,breakfast,lunch or dinner,fried meat,legumes,caffeinated beverages,the length of sleep during 24 h,cigarette smoking and losing job or spouse.However,in regards to use of vegetables,sausage,fried potatoes,enriched breads,low fat milk,low salt,candies and chocolates significant relations were found (P<0.05).Conclusion:The present study suggests one way to control obesity and prevent diseases is to ameliorate the life styles.There is a relation between health and stress and irregularity of meals,such as breakfast skipping,is associated with overweight and obesity in adolescence.

Effect of Body Mass Index on All-cause Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases─Report for Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies on Optimal Cut-off Points of Body Mass Index in Chinese Adults

Objective To verify the optimal cut-off points for overweight and obesity in Chinese adults based on the relationship of baseline body mass index (BMI) to all-cause mortality, and incidence of cardiovascular diseases from pooled data of Chinese cohorts. Methods The prospective study data of existing cohort studies in China were collected, and the age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI were estimated. The similar analysis was repeated after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and after excluding smokers. The incidence of age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke stratified by BMI were also analyzed. Multiple Cox regression coefficients of BMI for the incidence of CHD and stroke after controlling other risk factors were pooled utilizing the methods of weighting by inverse of variance to reveal whether BMI had independent effect and its strength on the incidence of CHD and stroke. Results The data of 4 cohorts including 76 227 persons, with 745 346 person-years of follow-up were collected and analyzed. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality stratified by BMI showed a U-shaped curve, even after excluding deaths within the first three years of follow-up and excluding smokers. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality increased when BMI was lower than 18.5 and higher than 28. The incidence of CHD and stroke, especially ishemic stroke increased with increasing BMI, this was consistent with parallel increasing of risk factors. Cox regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for both CHD and stroke. Each amount of 2 kg/m2 increase in baseline BMI might cause 15.4%, 6.1% and 18.8 % increase in relative risk of CHD, total stroke and ischemic stroke. Reduction of BMI to under 24 might prevent the incidence of CHD by 11% and that of stroke by 15 % for men, and 22 % of both diseases for women. Conclusion BMI ≤18.5, 24-27.9 and ≥28 (kg/m2) is the appropriate cut-off points for underweight, overweight and obesity in Chinese adults.

Prediction of Abdominal Visceral Obesity From Body Mass Index,Waist Circumference and Waist-hip Ratio in Chinese Adults:Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves Analysis

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements in diagnosing abdominal visceral obesity. Methods BMI, WC, and WHR were assessed in 690 Chinese adults (305 men and 385 women) and compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and used to determine the threshold point for each anthropometric parameter. Results 1) MRI showed that 61.7% of overweight/obese individuals (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and 14.2% of normal weight (BMI<25 kg/m2) individuals had abdominal visceral obesity (VA≥100 cm2). 2) VA was positively correlated with each anthropometric variable, of which WC showed the highest correlation (r=0.73-0.77, P<0.001). 3) The best cut-off points for assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as followed: BMI of 26 kg/m2, WC of 90 cm, and WHR of 0.93, with WC being the most sensitive and specific factor. 4) Among subjects with BMI≥28 kg/m2 or WC≥95 cm, 95% of men and 90% of women appeared to have abdominal visceral obesity. Conclusion Measurements of BMI, WC, and WHR can be used in the prediction of abdominal visceral obesity, of which WC was the one with better accuracy.

Body mass index is not associated with sperm-zona pellucida binding ability in subfertile males

Lifestyle factors, such as weight and nutritional status may affect male fertility, including sperm fertilization ability. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the association between body mass index （BMI） and sperm-zona pellucida binding ability assessed according to the zona binding （ZB） test, which has been described to be a relevant diagnostic tool for the prediction of in vitro fertilization （IVF） ability. Three hundred and six male patients from couples diagnosed with primary idiopathic or mild male factor infertility were included. Correlations between BMI and semen parameters according to ZB test indices were assessed, together with frequencies of positive and negative tests across the BMI categories. In this selected population, BMI was not related to conventional semen parameters or sperm quality assessed according to the ability of spermatozoa to bind to the zona pellucida. The previously described poor outcomes of IVF procedures in cases of male obesity could be due to other sperm defects, such as alterations of sperm capacitation or acrosome reaction. The link between male BMI and biological outcomes during IVF procedures, such as fertilization rates, should be further evaluated.

Body Mass Index and Hypertension Hemodynamic Subtypes in Yi Farmers and Migrants

Objective To examine the relationship between overweight or obesity and the risk of the various hypertension hemodynamic subtypes in Yi farmers and migrants. Methods A cross-sectional study of 2 358 Yi farmers and 2 392 Yi migrants was carried out in the Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture, Sichuan, China in 2007. Results The standardized prevalence of overweight in female Yi farmers （6.22%） was higher than in males （3.25%）, whereas in Yi migrants 32.56% of males and 28.78% of females were overweight. The standardized prevalence of obesity was 0 and 0.62% in male and female Yi farmers, compared to 3.91% and 5.57% in male and female Yi migrants, respectively. For both genders the standardized prevalence of ISH, IDH, and SDH was higher in Yi migrants than Yi farmers. Overweight and obese Yi men and women had a higher risk for IDH and SDH （P〈O.002） than non-overweight/obese individuals. However, an association of overweight or obesity with ISH was observed only in men. Conclusion Yi migrants have substantially higher proportion of overweight and obese individuals, as well as individuals affected by ISH, IDH, and SDH, than do Yi farmers. Overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development of hypertension in Yi people.

Comparison of Various Foods Intakes and Their Relationships with Body Mass Index in Japanese Old Men and Women

Objective: Obesity is an important health problem, leading to many metabolic diseases such as type2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc. There are many diet proposals to combat obesity. Since obesity is relatively rare in Japan, we wanted to know what kinds of foods influence body mass index (BMI) in old Japanese people. Methods: Healthy participants were given self-administered diet history questionnaires and described answers on each item by recollection of diets they took (7 days dietary recall). We used a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) by using which the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reports national Nutrition Surveys. From these questionnaires, we calculated the intakes of energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein or other foods. Results: Men take more alcohol, salt fruit, beans, and eggs than women. Intakes of major foods such as carbohydrate, lipid, and protein did not influence BMI in men and women. Conclusion: Within the range of foods intakes in Japan, no restriction of any food such as carbohydrate is not necessary for staying lean.

Decreased Gastric Body Mucosa Obestatin Expression in Abdominal Obesity Patients With Normal Body Mass Index

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of obestatin in gastric body mucosa in abdominal obesity patients with normal body mass index （BMI） is different compared with healthy controls. Twenty abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI and twenty healthy controls were included in the study. The number of obestatin-positive cells in gastric body mucosa was significantly lower in abdominal obesity patients with normal BMI than that in healthy subjects.

Perceptions of Body Mass Index as a Valid Indicator of Weight Status among Adults in the United States

Background: Being overweight or obese increases risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, joint disease, and certain cancers. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to determine weight status. As rates of overweight and obesity have risen sharply in the United States over the past 30 years, perceptions of a “normal” or healthy weight are subject to change. The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions of BMI as an indicator of weight status. Methods: An online survey was administered to 376 US adults. The survey collected demographic information including height, weight, and perceived weight status (underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese). The survey software calculated and presented participants with their personal BMI values. Participants then answered questions about their perception of the BMI as a valid indicator of weight status. Results: More participants reported a healthy weight status (51.6%) than were classified as such according to their computed BMI (43.6%). The majority of the sample (85.1%) considered BMI to be a valid indicator of weight status, although perceptions of validity varied by weight status. Participants that perceived BMI to be invalid most commonly cited incongruence with one’s perception of their own body weight, no accounting for unique body shapes, and no accounting for additional muscle mass. Conclusion: BMI is generally perceived to be a valid indicator of weight status. These perceptions of validity can vary depending on the individuals’ actual weight status. In instances where perceptions are not favorable toward BMI, it is largely attributable to opinions of incongruence with BMI and body shape, type, or composition. Continued use of BMI as a preliminary tool for determining weight status appears to be accepted. Efforts to increase BMI-related awareness and education may be necessary for individuals that currently see it as invalid.

Prognostic value of body mass index before treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Patients with head and neck cancer often suffer from malnutrition. This study aims to investigate the influence of body mass index(BMI) on the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC).Methods: A total of 473 patients with LSCC initially treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and July 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.Results: Low BMI before treatment was significantly associated with poor overall survival in patients with LSCC(P<0.001). BMI was an independent prognostic factor for patients with LSCC.Conclusion: Leanness before treatment was associated with poor prognosis in patients with LSCC. Good nutritional status is favorable to improve survival in patients with LSCC.

代谢健康状态转变及其与BMI的交互作用对心血管疾病发生的影响

目的探讨代谢健康状态转变与体质指数(BMI)交互作用及与心血管疾病(CVD)的关联。方法基于“新疆多民族自然人群队列建设及健康随访研究”和田调查现场,进行前瞻性队列研究。经过3年随访,根据代谢状态转变将研究对象分为保持代谢健康(MH)、代谢健康转为代谢不健康(MH-MU)、保持代谢不健康(MU)、代谢不健康转为代谢健康(MU-MH)4组,多因素Logistic回归分析不同组代谢状态对CVD发生的影响。应用限制性立方样条探讨BMI为连续变量与CVD风险的关联,分析代谢状态转变和BMI交互作用与CVD的关联。结果共10232人纳入本研究,平均年龄为(52.43±10.29)岁。在随访3年期间新发心血管疾病349例(3.41%);其中MH、MH-MU、MU和MU-MH 4组心血管疾病发生率分别为2.48%、4.21%、5.13%、3.30%。与MH组相比,MH-MU、MU组心血管疾病发生风险分别为OR=1.42(95%CI:1.05~1.93)和OR=1.41(95%CI:1.03~1.92)。限制性立方样条分析表明,基线BMI与心血管疾病发生为非线性关联(P=0.023)。BMI分组与代谢状态转变存在交互作用(χ2=26.025,P=0.001),其归因于交互效应比例为3%[RERI=0.032(95%CI:0.005~0.06)、AP=0.031(95%CI:0.007~0.05)、S=2.157(95%CI:1.194~3.897)]。结论保持或转变为代谢不健康状态均可增加心血管疾病的风险。保持或转为代谢不健康状态与超重、肥胖交互作用能够增加心血管疾病的风险。

Longitudinal changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers in the first year after delivery and its relationship with human milk composition:a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional cohort study

Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.

融合人脸图像深度和外观特征的BMI估计方法

身体质量指数(BMI)是人类健康重要指标。从2D正脸图像中估计3D人脸信息并提出一个端到端BMI估计框架,以进一步提高BMI估计性能。首先,计算人脸468个3D关键点,并根据关键点相对头部质心的深度绘制深度人脸图;其次,提取人脸图像的方向梯度直方图(HOG)并可视化以表示外观特征;最后,利用卷积神经网络(CNN)VGGNet、ResNet分别对深度人脸图和HOG进行特征提取,并使用Hadamard积融合2个骨干网络的特征以估计BMI。与目前已有方法的对比实验中,本文提出方法在2个公开数据集上的整体平均绝对误差(MAE)分别比最优结果低0.38和1。上述实验结果证明了本文提出的融合3D人脸图像深度和外观特征的BMI估计方法的有效性。

Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on neonatal birth weight

To evaluate the effects of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index （pre-BMI） and gestational weight gain （GWG） on neonatal birth weight （NBW） in the population of Chinese healthy pregnant women, attempting to guide weight control in pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study of 3772 Chinese women was conducted. The population was stratified by maternal pre-BMI categories as underweight （〈18.5 kg/m2）, normal weight （18.5-23.9 kg/m2）, overweight （24.0-27.9 kg/m2）, and obesity （〉28.0 kg/m2）. The NBW differences were tested among the four groups, and then deeper associations among maternal pre-BMI, GWG, and NBW were investigated by multivariate analysis. NBW increased significantly with the increase of maternal pre-BMI level （P〈0.05）, except overweight to obesity （P〉0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that both pre-BMI and GWG were positively correlated with NBW （P〈0.05）. Compared with normal pre-BMI, underweight predicted an increased odds ratio of small-for-gestational-age （SGA） and decreased odds ratio for macrosomia and large-for-gestational-age （LGA）, and the results were opposite for overweight. With the increase of GWG, the risk of SGA decreased and the risks of macrosomia and LGA increased. In addition, in different pre-BMI categories, the effects of weight gain in the first trimester on NBW were different （P〈0.05）. NBW is positively affected by both maternal pre-BMI and GWG, extreme pre-BMI and GWG are both associated with increased risks of abnormal birth weight, and maternal pre-BMI may modify the effect of weight gain in each trimester on NBW. A valid GWG guideline for Chinese women is an urgent requirement, whereas existing recommendations seem to be not very suitable for the Chinese.

性别与BMI对儿童动态足底压力分布的影响

目的通过比较肥胖儿童和正常儿童男女平地自然行走时的足底压力分布参数以及考察体重指数(body mass index,BMI)与各参数的相关性,探讨性别和BMI对儿童动态足底压力分布的影响。方法采用0.5m foot-scanUSB平板测试系统(RSscan International公司,比利时)对79名儿童自然行走时的步态进行测试,数据采用SPSS16.0进行统计处理。结果 (1)对于肥胖儿童和正常儿童,男女之间大部分的足底压力参数均没有显著性差异;(2)正常男女儿童足中部与地面冲量的百分比以及在M5、MF和HL等区域的压强峰值出现时间存在显著性差异;(3)BMI与足支撑分期、足中部与地面冲量百分比、T2-5压强峰值、HM和HL压强峰值出现时间无显著相关性;(4)BMI与其余足底压力分布参数均有良好相关性。结论 (1)性别对肥胖儿童动态足底压力分布没有显著影响,但正常儿童部分动态足底压力分布参数受性别的影响;(2)BMI大的儿童行走的稳定性差,行走效率低;(3)BMI大的儿童行走易疲劳,易引起踝关节等部位损伤。

上海市城乡60～69岁老年人BMI调查分析

采用随机整群取样的方法 ,对上海市 2 0个区、县 ,年龄在 6 0～ 6 9岁 (男女 )的 30 2 9名居民的体质现状进行调查。结果表明 ,上海市男子BMI(体重指数 )平均为 2 3 5 ,女子平均为 2 4 5 ;其中城市男、女BMI分别显著高于乡村同性别男、女 (P <0 0 5 ) ;BMI作为反映身体充实度和肥胖度的指标与血压、体脂率、皮脂厚度等有密切关系 ,提示BMI对于评定体质、预防和诊断心脑血管疾病有重要意义。

108例孕妇孕前BMI与孕期增重情况分析

目的探讨孕妇孕前身体质量指数、孕期体重增重、脂肪分布与新生儿出生体重之间的关系，为进一步加强孕期营养指导工作提供建议。方法问卷调查108名孕妇的基本情况，监测孕妇孕期体重增长情况，计算孕前身体质量指数、孕中期体重增幅及脂肪分布，并记录新生儿的出生体重。结果72％的孕妇孕前营养状况正常，但孕中期73％的孕妇体重增加超过了适宜增重标准的60％，脂肪分布〉140g／cm（肥胖）者占46％，孕中期脂肪分布与孕前身体质量指数呈正相关（rs=0．368，P〈0．001）。在已分娩的59名新生儿中，平均出生体重为3272．7±398．6g，有6人的出生体重≥4000g，新生儿出生体重与孕中期脂肪分布呈负相关（rs=-0．727，P〈0．001）。结论孕妇在孕中期体重增长过多，巨大儿发生比例较高，因此加强孕期的营养指导，合理膳食对母亲及其新生儿出生体重具有重要意义。

孕妇体质指数(BMI)与早产类型的关系

目的：探讨妇女不同的孕前体质指数（BMI），及孕期BMI变化和早产类型的关系。方法：选择2003年1月至2005年1月间在我院产科住院分娩的1882例单胎产妇，测量其孕前身高、体重和终止妊娠前最后一次体重，计算孕前BMI及孕期BMI增加。按孕前BMI分为A组（BMI〈16．75kg／m^2）；B组（BMI在16．75。23．71kg／m^2）；C组（BMI〉23．71kg／m^2）三组，并随访其妊娠结局。按分娩孕周分为足月产、早期早产（〈32周）和轻型早产（PTB≥32周）三组。分组分析不同孕前BMI、孕期BMI变化与早产不同类型的关系。结果：三组中早期早产孕妇孕前BMI及孕期BMI增加均小于其它两组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01），A组早期和轻型早产的孕妇孕期BMI增加小于足月孕妇，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。B组和C组早产与足月孕妇相比孕期BMI增加无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。早期早产组新生儿的身长、体重低于其它两组，其新生儿的窒息率明显高于其它组，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：孕妇的孕前BMI及孕期BMI变化对新生儿的体重、身长及预后有重要的影响。孕前低BMI与孕期低BMI增加与早产的危险性增加相关，尤其以早期早产更明显。