Adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto amino-type adsorbents prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization

Amino-type adsorbents(ATAs) were prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acry late glycidyl ether(HB) onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene(PE/PP) duplex fiber of a non-woven fabric,and modified with different amines of ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),triethylenetetramine(TETA) and diethylamine(DEA).The adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto the ATAs was studied in batch experiments.The effects of the contact time,initial concentration of the ions,temperature,and pH value.The salinity were investigated along with the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms.The kinetic experimental data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Langmuir model.The ATAs showed good efficiency in adsorbing uranyl ions,with the best saturation adsorption capacity being 64.26 mg g^(-1) for ATA-DETA within 120 min.The temperature dependence of ATADETA was quite abnormal and the quickest behavior was obtained at 25 ℃.ATAs showed good adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 4.0-8.5,and HCl could be used in the elution process.Salinity of the solution had great effect on the adsorption capacity,3.5%salinity resulted in a 55%loss of capacity from ATA-DETA.The selectivity of ATA-DETA showed an order of:UO_2^(2+)≈Fe^(3+)> Zn^(2+) > VO_3^- > Co^(2+) > Ni^(2+).

Ultravilolet-radiation-induced graft polymerization of acrylamide onto the melt-blown polypropylene filter element by dynamic method

By dynamic method under UV irradiation, commercial melt-blown polypropylene （PPMB） filter element was modified with acrylamide （AAm） using benzophenone （BP） as initiator. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope verified that polyacrylamide chain was grafted on the fiber surface of PPMB filter element. Elemental content analysis with energy dispersive X-ray of fibers revealed that the polymerization content in the inner part of filter element was relatively higher than that in the outer. Degree of grafting changed with initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature and reached 2.6% at the reaction condition： CBp=0.06 mol/L, CAAm=2.0 mol/L, irradiation time： 80 min, temperature： 60℃. Relative water flux altered with the hydrophilicity and pore size of filter element. In the antifouling test, the modified filter gave greater flux recovery （approximately 70%） after filtration of the water extract of Liuweidihuang, suggesting that the fouling layer was more easily reversible due to the hydrophilic nature of the modified filter.

Adsorbent for Arsenic(V) Removal Synthesized by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization onto Nonwoven Cotton Fabric

A fibrous adsorbent for arsenic (As) removal was synthesized with nonwoven cotton fabric as a trunk polymer. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphoric acid monomer which composed of phosphoric acid mono (50%) and di (50%) ethyl methacrylate ester was introduced with radiation-induced graft polymerization onto nonwoven cotton fabric. The degree of grafting of 130% was obtained at irradiation dose of 20 kGy with 5% of monomer solution for 2 hours reaction time at 40?C reaction temperature. After the grafted material was contacted with 10 mmol/L of zirconium (Zr) solution at pH 1, 0.38 mmol/g of Zr was loaded on phosphoric units as a functional group for As(V) removal. The resulting adsorbent was evaluated by column mode adsorption with 1 mg/L of As(V) solution at various pH with space velocity 200 h–1. The maximum capacity of As(V) adsorption was 0.1 mmol/g at pH 2.

ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION INDUCED GRAFT POLYMERIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE POWDER

The graft polymerization of maleic anhydride (MA) onto preirradiated HDPE powder was studied. FTIR showed the existence of HDPE-graft-MA. The irradiation atmosphere and preirradiation dose have effects on the Percent graft. A high degree of graft (10% ) was achieved using this process.

Rapid Biodiesel Fuel Production Using Novel Fibrous Catalyst Synthesized by Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization

An efficient fibrous catalyst for the biodiesel fuel production has been synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of 4-chloromethylstyrene onto a nonwoven polyethylene (NWPE) fabric followed by amination with trimethylamine (TMA) and further treatment with NaOH. The degree of grafting of NWPE fabric and TMA group density of fibrous catalyst could easily and reproducibly be controlled within a range of up to 340% and 3.6 mmol-TMA/g-catalyst, respectively. In the transesterification of triglycerides and ethanol using the synthesized fibrous catalyst, the conversion ratio of triglycerides reached 95% after 4 h reaction at 50°C.

Graft co-polymerization of maleic acid and vinyl acetate onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) powder by pre-irradiation technique

Binary monomers of maleic acid and vinyl acetate are grafted onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder by pre-irradiation induced graft polymerization technique in emulsion solution. The co-grafting of binary monomers is successfully proved by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. The influences of the absorbed dose, reaction temperature, reaction time, total concentration of monomers, and feed ratio of binary monomers on the degree of grafting are investigated. The thermal property of grafted PVDF powder was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA).

Optimization of Grafted Fibrous Polymer as a Solid Basic Catalyst for Biodiesel Fuel Production

Grafted fibrous polymer with quaternary amine groups could function as a highly-efficient catalyst for biodiesel fuel (BDF) production. In this study, the optimization of grafted fibrous polymer (catalyst) and transesterification conditions for the effective BDF production was attempted through a batch-wise transesterification of triglyceride (TG) with ethanol (EtOH) in the presence of a cosolvent. Trimethylamine was the optimal quaternary amine group for the grafted fibrous catalyst. The optimal degree of grafting of the grafted fibrous catalyst was greater than 170%. The optimal transesterification conditions were as follows: The optimal molar quantity of quaternary amine groups, transesterification temperature, molar ratio of TG and EtOH, and primary alkyl alcohol were 0.8 mmol, 80°C, 1:200, and 1-pentanol, respectively. The grafted fibrous catalyst could be applied to BDF production using natural oils. Furthermore, the grafted fibrous catalyst could be used repeatedly after regeneration involving three sequential processes, i.e., organic acid, alkali, and alcohol treatments, without any significant loss of catalytic activity.

Radiation induced graft polymerization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes for superhydrophobic composite membrane preparation

Highly soluble multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） were prepared by radiation-induced free radical graft polymerization of vinyl acetate （VAc） onto pristine MWNT surfaces. High resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FT1R） spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm that poly（vinyl acetate） （PVAc） had been successfully grafted onto the surface of the MWNTs. The effects of experimental parameters on the degree of graft- ing （DG） of PVAc were also investigated, including adsorbed dose, dose rate, initial monomer concentration, and solvents. The grafted MWNTs （MWNTs-g-PVAc） exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents at high mass fraction. In addition, a superhydrophobic composite membrane could be readily fabricated by vacuum filtration of MWNTs-g-PVAc onto a support- ing membrane, as was confirmed by water contact angle testing and visualization by scanning electron microscopy.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect by Using a Fibrous Grafted Material Loaded Ag Ligand

To obtain the safety of drinking water, an antibacterial material was prepared by loading silver (Ag) onto fibrous iminodiacetate (IDA) adsorbent, which was synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent chemical modification of the produced epoxy group to an IDA group (IDA-Ag). A total amount of loaded Ag on the IDA-Ag fabric was 0.4 mmol-Ag/g-fabric. From an observation of the IDA-Ag fabric cross section by a scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, Ag was distributed to IDA layer uniformly. As a result of evaluating antibacterial effects by the column mode water flow test with stream water, the effective Ag concentration was monitored 0.05 ppm at irrespective flow rate which was functioned to the antibacterial performance. The antibacterial effects for general bacteria were indicated until BV (BV: steam water volume/IDA-Ag fabric volume) 6000, and for colitis germ legions were completely disinfected until BV 6000.

高分子微滤膜等离子体处理接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺

用低温等离子体预处理的方法 ,将 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPAAm)接技在 PE微滤膜上。研究了等离子体处理工艺、接枝聚合条件对接枝率的影响 ,结果表明 ,等离子体处理产生的活性种具有长寿命 ,水对接枝聚合反应具有加速效应。SEM观察到接枝膜表面存在接枝物。接枝膜的水通量在 32℃附近出现了不连续的变化 ,聚 (N-异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (PNIPAAm)

等离子体引发接枝聚合改善聚丙烯表面的亲水性

将等离子体引发接枝技术用于聚丙烯(PP)膜表面接枝丙烯酸。FT-IR证明处理后的膜表面存在有羧基,染色法定量测定了羧基的含量。另外,对修饰后的聚丙烯膜表面进行接触角的测定。结果表明,等离子体引发接枝聚合可明显改善聚丙烯膜表面亲水性,能控制PP膜表面的接枝率大小,可得到不同水接触角的PP膜,进而能人为调节PP膜的表面亲水性。

等离子体诱导接枝聚合法制备pH感应开关膜

利用等离子体诱导填孔接枝聚合法在聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜上接枝聚甲基丙烯酸pH感应型开关,系统研究了接枝率对膜的pH感应开关特性的影响。结果表明,开关膜的接枝率对膜的过滤通量、pH感应开关系数和膜孔径感应pH变化倍数都有重要的影响。接枝率≤5.98%时,pH感应开关系数和膜孔径感应pH变化倍数均随接枝率的增加而增加;而对于接枝率>5.98%的膜,pH感应开关系数和膜孔径pH感应变化倍数随接枝率的增加而减少,直至膜开关系数和膜孔径pH感应变化倍数趋近于1。为了获得较好的开关性能,必须将膜的接枝率控制在适当的范围内。

聚丙烯表面接枝PNIPAAm膜Ⅰ.光接枝反应和表面形态结构研究

以氧杂蒽酮或二苯甲酮为引发剂 ,通过紫外光引发表面接枝聚合的方法在聚丙烯薄膜表面引入了具有温度敏感特性的聚异丙基丙烯酰胺 (PNIPAAm)接枝聚合物层 .提高紫外光强度和接枝反应温度均有利于接枝率增大 ,而单体浓度对接枝率的影响存在最佳值 ,为 0 1 8mol L .在引发剂预浸渍引发接枝和休眠基引发接枝这两种方式中 ,后者能够实现更高的接枝率 .红外光谱 (FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱化学分析 (ESCA)和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)等对接枝层组成的表征结果证实了接枝层的存在 .在不同温度下 ,接枝膜的FTIR谱图中酰胺I带和酰胺II带特征吸收峰发生位移 ,表明它具有温度敏感特性 .同时 。

高分子材料辐射接枝苯乙烯的研究进展

对各高分子材料辐射接枝苯乙烯的动力学、接枝方法及接枝材料的应用进行了综述，讨论了辐射剂量、剂量率、温度、后效应、溶剂、添加剂和高分子材料厚度及结晶性等方面对接枝反应的影响。

尼龙滤布共辐射接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺研究

通过共辐射接枝法,将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体接枝聚合到尼龙滤布表面,通过测定接枝聚合前后尼龙滤布质量变化来计算接枝率。以无水甲醇为溶剂、硫酸铜为阻聚剂,考察了接枝率随单体浓度的变化规律,测试了接枝前后尼龙滤布表面与水的接触角(CA),并研究了接枝前后样品的热分解行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:接枝聚合后的样品热分解温度降低,单丝表观尺寸增大且表面粗糙度增加,随着接枝率的升高,改性尼龙滤布的接触角逐渐减小,亲水性增强,这与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在室温时的亲水性相符。

预辐射接枝丙烯酰胺改性PVDF粉体及其亲水性滤膜的制备

通过γ射线预辐射接枝方法将丙烯酰胺(Acryl amide,AAm)单体接枝到聚偏氟乙烯[Poly(vinylidene fluoride),PVDF]粉体上,通过测定粉体接枝前后氟元素含量的变化来计算接枝率。研究了同一单体浓度下,接枝率随反应时间的变化规律,并将具有不同接枝率的改性粉体溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl pyrroli-done,NMP)中,使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮[Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone),PVP]为成孔剂,通过相转化法制备得微滤膜。测试了水在膜表面的接触角、膜在水中的溶胀度,水通量随接枝率的变化规律,以及滤膜的抗污染效果。研究表明,接枝丙烯酰胺改性PVDF粉体制备的微滤膜,较未改性粉体制备的微滤膜亲水性明显改善,纯水通量随接枝率的提高而增大,且由接枝率为13%的PVDF-g-PAM粉体制备的微滤膜,抗牛血清蛋白(Bovine serum albumin,BSA)污染性能优于空白PVDF粉体制备的微滤膜。

聚偏氟乙烯微滤膜的表面改性

采用改良的热诱导聚合技术,在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微滤分离膜表面接枝具有离子交换性能的羧酸基团.采用热重(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、环境扫描电镜(ESEM)和X衍射光电子能谱(XPS)对改性PVDF微滤分离膜(PAA-PVDF分离膜)进行表征,研究了改性PVDF分离膜对Cu2+的去除效果.试验结果表明,热诱导聚合技术在PVDF分离膜表面成功接枝了羧酸基团,PAA-PVDF分离膜对Cu2+的去除效果优良.

胺肟基尼龙66纤维的制备及其对模拟核工业废水中铀的选择性吸附

结合辐射接枝聚合和化学修饰,通过三步处理,成功地制备了偕胺肟化尼龙66纤维。通过傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)仪和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)对初始的和修饰后的尼龙66纤维进行化学结构和微观形貌表征。结果表明,偕胺肟基团以共价方式连接到尼龙66纤维上。通过模拟核工业废水的吸附研究表明,PA66-g-PGMA-IDPAO纤维对铀酰离子有高的吸附效率(91.3%)和吸附选择性,具有巨大的潜在工业应用价值。

环氧树脂微流控芯片的表面功能化修饰

对一种新型的环氧树脂材料表面用空气等离子体进行前处理,再通过丙烯酸(Acrylic acid,AAc)紫外诱导接枝聚合在该环氧树脂材料表面引入羧基基团.在此基础上,将这种化学惰性的环氧树脂表面连接上特异的抗体,作为微流控芯片的基底进行免疫检测实验.采用静态接触角、甲苯胺兰染色、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析、BCA蛋白定量检测和细胞黏附实验等检测手段对修饰的环氧树脂表面进行了表征.结果表明,使用空气等离子体处理后再经丙烯酸紫外诱导接枝聚合已成功地在环氧树脂表面引入了大量的羧基基团;进一步使用EDC/NHS偶联试剂将蛋白以共价连接的方式连接到疏水的、化学惰性的环氧树脂表面.细胞黏附实验表明,用这种方法修饰的环氧树脂表面可以用于生物医学的免疫检测实验.

不饱和糖功能单体接枝聚氨酯膜的制备及其血液相容性

通过葡萄糖、丙烯酸羟乙酯和丁二胺反应,制备了含不饱和双键的糖基功能单体。采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对合成的产物进行结构表征确定。采用紫外光引发接枝聚合技术,将制备的不饱和糖单体接枝聚合到聚氨酯膜的表面,以衰减全反射模式下傅里叶红外光谱对表面接枝反应进行了确认。通过静态水接触角实验和血小板黏附实验,分别对改性聚氨酯膜表面的亲水性和血液相容性进行了研究,结果表明,改性聚氨酯膜表面的接触角从86°降低到45°,血小板的粘附量由14.36×103cells/mm2减少到2.57×103cells/mm2,亲水性明显增强,血液相容性显著改善。