低熔点亲铜元素(LMCE)在金成矿中的作用及促进金富集的机理

低熔点亲铜元素(LMCE),包含As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Pb、Se、Te、Tl、Sn等,在戈尔德斯密特(V·M·Goldschmidt)元素地球化学分类中均属于亲铜元素。它们具有亲铜性、电负性大、低熔点、半金属的特性。在金成矿过程中,这些元素与硫的亲和力强,多形成LMCE的硫化物、硫盐矿物、硒化物、碲化物和金属互化物,甚至形成LMCE与金的互化物和金的化合物。同时,它们在成矿流体中可以形成LMCE熔体,并对金矿床中Au的高效富集沉淀起到一种重要的桥梁作用。作者针对LMCE在金矿床中的赋存状态,总结了金矿床中LMCE富集金的特点,综合归纳了LMCE对金富集的成矿机理,认为在一些大型金矿床中,除了人们熟知的水-岩反应、硫化作用、流体沸腾、流体混合、有机成矿、岩浆脱气、叠加成矿等对热液金矿床的成矿起到重要作用外,流体-熔体分离、溶解-再沉淀、矿物重结晶、矿物表面吸附和元素替代等地质作用,也是LMCE在成矿过程中对金的富集重要机制。

基于改进CeiT的GTAW焊接熔透状态识别方法

针对熔池信息与背景相似度高、噪声多、预测实时性差、识别精度低等问题,提出了基于改进CeiT网络模型的GTAW焊接熔透状态识别方法.首先通过MobileNetV3对Image-to-Tokens模块进行轻量化改进,提升预测的实时性能;其次设计DGCA模块改进LeFF模块来增强特征间的远程依赖关系、丰富类标记中所包含的分类信息;最后将LeFF模块中的底层特征和高层语义特征进行融合,提高模型对熔池特征的表示能力.仿真结果表明,与MobileNetV3,ResNet50,ShuffleNetV2,DeiT和CeiT模型相比,所提出的模型获得了更高的准确率和较快的检测速度.

固相聚合对萘环液晶聚芳酯结构与性能的影响

为解决液晶聚芳酯熔融缩聚反应后期由于反应温度和熔体黏度过高导致的降解交联副反应以及成形加工困难等问题,以6-羟基-2-萘甲酸(HNA)、2,6-萘二羧酸(NDA)、对苯二甲酸(TA)、4,4'-二羟基联苯(BP)为原料,采用原位一锅熔融聚合法制备了低分子量萘环热致液晶聚芳酯,并对其进行固相聚合。通过差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、偏光显微镜、X射线衍射和熔融指数仪对固相聚合后的液晶聚芳酯结构与性能进行了测试。结果表明,液晶聚芳酯的熔融温度和结晶度受聚合时间和温度的影响较大,呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,但并不会改变聚芳酯的晶体结构,同样属于正交晶型。此外,固相聚合在温度305℃下反应12 h,液晶聚芳酯热学和结晶性能得到明显改善;高于此时间和温度时聚芳酯的熔点开始降低,热降解反应开始进行,热稳定性和结晶性能下降。

超高分子量聚乙烯熔融动力学研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)以其高耐磨性、高强度和刚度、轻质、耐腐蚀、低摩擦系数以及生物相容性等特性而著称,在高端新材料等领域得到广泛应用。初生态UHMWPE树脂的熔点、结晶度和缠结密度等物理特性对后期加工和性能应用至关重要。本文采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)来观测初生态UHMWPE粉料的熔融行为,并将其分子质量与缠结密度进行关联。研究发现:通过设置DSC升降温程序,可关联分子质量与熔点变化趋势,从而实现在工业化生产中对分子质量的快速测试。通过设定升温熔融和等温结晶的程序,可以建立熔融行为与缠结密度之间的关系,有助于更全面地了解此类树脂的性能。

Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Melting Temperatures of SrF2 and BaF2

The shell-model molecular dynamics method was applied to simulate the melting temper- atures of SrF2 and BaF2 at elevated temperatures and high pressures. The same method was used to calculate the equations of state for SrF2 and BaF2 over the pressure range of 0.1 MPa-3 GPa and 0.1 MPa-7 GPa. Compared with previous results for equations of state, the maximum errors are 0.3% and 2.2%, respectively. Considering the pre-melting in the fluorite-type crystals, we made the necessary corrections for the simulated melting temper- atures of SrF2 and BaF2. Consequently, the melting temperatures of SrF2 and BaF2 were obtained for high pressures. The melting temperatures of SrF2 and BaF2 that were obtained by the simulation are in good agreement with available experimental data.

Physical dispersion state and fluorescent property of Eu-complex in the Eu-complex/silicon rubber composites

The fluorescent complex Eu（TTA）2（Phen）（MA） （HTTA=2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, Phen=1,10-phenanthroline, MA=Maleic an- hydrider） was synthesized and characterized with elemental analysis, infrared spectrum （IR）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray Diffraction（XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, and fluorescent measurement. To explore the effect of different physical dispersion state of Eu-complex on the fluorescent property of the Eu-complex/silicon rubber composites, various quantifies of Eu（TTA）2（phen） （MA） were mixed with silicon rubber （SIR） and peroxide to form uncured composites. These composites were vulcanized to obtain cured Eu-complex/SiR composites at 250 ℃, which was higher than the melting-point of Eu-complex. The SEM, XRD, DSC, and the fluorescent measurement of these composites showed that both the complex molecules dispersed in the silicon rubber during the melting process and the parent Eu-complex particles had positive effects on fluorescent property, whereas the re-crystallized Eu-complex particles and the aggregating complexes formed during the melting-process had negative effects on fluorescent property. For the uncured composites, their fluorescent intensities almost did not change with the increasing amount of Eu-complex. Furthermore, for the composites with small content of Eu-complex, their fluorescent intensities decreased significantly after curing, and this difference in fluorescent intensity became smaller as the content of Eu-complex increases.

First-Principle Calculations of Hardness and Melting Point of Mo_2C

This paper has constructed two kinds of atomic and electronic models for hexagonal β-Mo2C and orthorhombic α-Mo2C. The optimized lattice parameters, elastic constant matrixes and overlap population for Mo2C crystal cells have been obtained to realize the characterization of the hardness and melting point of the two structures by the first-principles plane wave pseudo potential method based on the density functional theory. The results reveal that the calculated lattice parameters of the Mo2C crystal cells agree with the experimental and other calculated data. The calculated melting point/hardness are 2715 K/11.38 GPa for β-Mo2C and 2699 K/10.57-12.67 GPa for α-Mo2C, respectively. The calculated results from the density of states （DOS） demonstrate that the hybridization effect between Mo-3d and C-2p states in α-Mo2C crystal cell is much stronger than that in β-Mo2C one.

High pressure equation of state for molten CaCO_3 from first principles simulations

Carbonate melts are important active metasomatic agents and efficient transport agents; their thermodynamic properties at high temperatures and pressures are therefore of considerable interest for various geochemica applications. However, due to the extreme challenges in relevant experiments, current knowledge of even the density of carbonate melts is limited. In this study, we provide high quality volumetric data of Ca CO3-melt from firs principles at high temperatures and pressures(up to3,500 K and 60 GPa). The accuracy of these data is demonstrated through comprehensive comparison with available experimental data and a thorough discussion of the predictability of the re-scaling method proposed in this study. Based on the simulations, an equation of state has been established that is critical to relevant highly disputed questions such as the decomposition and solidification boundaries of Ca CO3 melts, the latter of which is briefly discussed in this study with a newly derived ab initio melting curve to high pressures.

Thixoforming of SiC ceramic matrix composites in pseudo-semi-solid state

A new forming process, ceramic matrix composites thixoforming in pseudo-semi-solid state, was proposed based on powder metallurgy technology combined with the semi-solid metal forming process. The satellite angle-frames were prepared by this technology with Al_p and SiC_p materials mixed with different volume fractions. It is proved that it is feasible for the forming of the ceramic matrix composites by this technology through metallographic analyses and tensile tests. The results also show that the microstructures of samples are homogeneous and they have high hardness and certain plasticity.

Effects of electrode immersion depth and remelting rate on electroslag remelting process

In the electroslag remelting process, the electrode molten state is a critical factor determining the ingot quality, while the electrode immersion depth and melting rate are key factors for the stability of the electroslag re-melting process. Studies were carried out to investigate the microscopic and macroscopic effects of electrode immersion depth and melting rate on the potential distribution and heat density in the slag bath, and on the depth and shape of the molten bath. Based on the finite element method and the numerical solution method, the effect of the electrode immersion depth on the slag bath heat density was researched; the relationship between the electrode immersion depth and the slag resistance was obtained; and the unsteady-state model of the solidification process of the re-melting ingot was solved using the finite difference method. The mathematical model and physical model of the electrode melting process were established and solved; and the corresponding curves between the electrode molten-state and slag-bath physical parameters were obtained. The experimental results verified the simulated results studied in this paper.

Learning physical states of bulk crystalline materials from atomic trajectories in molecular dynamics simulation

Melting of crystalline material is a common physical phenomenon,yet it remains elusive owing to the diversity in physical pictures.In this work,we proposed a deep learning architecture to learn the physical states(solid-or liquidphase)from the atomic trajectories of the bulk crystalline materials with four typical lattice types.The method has ultrahigh accuracy(higher than 95%)for the classification of solid-liquid atoms during the phase transition process and is almost insensitive to temperature.The atomic physical states are identified from atomic behaviors without considering any characteristic threshold parameter,which yet is necessary for the classical methods.The phase transition of bulk crystalline materials can be correctly predicted by learning from the atomic behaviors of different materials,which confirms the close correlation between atomic behaviors and atomic physical states.These evidences forecast that there should be a more general undiscovered physical quantity implicated in the atomic behaviors and elucidate the nature of bulk crystalline melting.

聚丙烯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯共混熔喷非织造材料纳微纤维结构调控研究

将少量聚丙烯(PP)混入聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中,制备了具有明显纳微米交替纤维层叠结构的熔喷非织造材料。通过扫描电镜探讨共混量及熔喷工艺参数(牵伸风温、牵伸风压及接收距离)对纳微结构的影响。结果表明:当聚合物温度低于295℃,PBT与PP混合呈“部分相容”状态,这是形成明显纳微结构的基础。在牵伸风温270℃,牵伸风压0.02MPa,接收距离20cm的条件下,PP含量为5%的混合原料可制备得到最细纤维直径0.32μm,最粗纤维直径10.88μm,CV值98.53%的双组分共混熔喷非织造材料。

上地幔电导率-温度关系及在大地电磁测深法中应用综述

上地幔热结构的研究对探索地球内部物质状态和岩石圈形成演化过程,评估自然资源的存储状况,监控火山区岩浆活动从而降低自然灾害风险等有着重要的意义.本文概述了基于不同岩石物理学高温高压实验得到的上地幔矿物电导率-温度关系.通过分析并对比前人的实验结果,讨论了不同实验得到的同一矿物的电导率-温度经验关系中参数差异产生的原因.大地电磁测深法(MT)以其探测深度大,受浅部高阻体影响较小且对低阻体分辨率较高等特点,在研究壳幔电性结构、热状态和地球动力学机制中得到了广泛的应用.以MT得到的上地幔电阻率模型为基础,结合岩石物理学实验标定的矿物电导率-温度经验关系,建立上地幔的温度和熔融百分比模型,这项工作在研究上地幔热状态中起着不可或缺的作用.笔者总结并讨论了前人以MT方法获得电性结构为基础,利用电导率-温度经验关系评价上地幔热状态的应用实例,并对未来的研究工作做了展望,同时对其可行性做了评估.

电子束选区熔化过程中吹粉机理及因素分析综述

电子束选区熔化(SEBM)过程中,粉末颗粒在电子束作用下带负电引起库仑相互作用,易造成粉末散射,发生吹粉现象。此现象会导致电子枪放电、束流不稳定、粉末不均匀铺展等问题,继而造成工艺不稳定而加工停止。为扩大SEBM工艺适用范围,以电子束与粉末相互作用为基础,从粉末特性和工艺参数两方面分析了吹粉的形成机理及影响因素,根据降低粉末间静电力的方式总结了预防吹粉的措施,最后阐述了吹粉问题在SEBM基础研究方面的发展方向,以期为SEBM长期工作稳定性、可靠性的提高及质量提升提供参考。

基于熔融/固相缩聚制备中高分子量聚乙醇酸

聚乙醇酸(PGA)通常可通过乙交酯开环聚合和乙醇酸熔融缩聚制得,但乙交酯开环聚合工艺复杂,导致PGA成本高。相较而言,乙醇酸熔融缩聚制备PGA工艺简单,成本较低,但难以获得中高分子量的PGA。因此,本文基于熔融/固相缩聚路线,系统研究了催化剂种类与含量、酯化温度、固相缩聚温度等聚合工艺条件对PGA外观形态、特性黏度和热稳定性的影响。发现三氟甲烷磺酸铋对乙醇酸熔融缩聚具有较好的催化效果,优化熔融/固相缩聚条件如下:催化剂含量为0.20%(质量),酯化温度为180℃,熔融缩聚和固相缩聚温度为210℃,固相缩聚时间为12 h。在该熔融缩聚条件下,PGA的最高特性黏度为0.36 dl/g,进一步固相缩聚处理可以将PGA的特性黏度提高到0.59 dl/g。

堆积硅料的阶跃分布孔隙率对准单晶铸锭过程籽晶熔化的影响

本文针对光伏太阳能用准单晶硅铸锭系统的硅料熔化过程进行了数值模拟研究,尤其是孔隙率阶跃分布的堆积硅料熔化过程对籽晶熔化的影响。研究结果表明:堆积硅料孔隙率呈轴向阶跃分布有利于降低籽晶的熔化比例;籽晶的熔化界面形状主要受下层孔隙率影响,在特定的平均孔隙率范围内,上下两层孔隙率差异较小时,孔隙率的轴向阶跃分布对籽晶的熔化界面形状影响较小;当籽晶的熔化比例相近时,平均孔隙率越小,籽晶的熔化界面形状越平缓,越有利于籽晶边缘区域的保留;当平均孔隙率一定时,下层孔隙率越小越有利于籽晶边缘区域的保留。堆积硅料区域孔隙率呈径向阶跃分布会使籽晶的熔化界面形状发生畸变,内层孔隙率的逐渐增大会使籽晶的熔化界面形状由“凸”逐渐转变为“凹”,外层孔隙率不大于内层孔隙率时籽晶可以得到有效保留;内外两层孔隙率差值越小,籽晶的熔化比例越小。籽晶的熔化比例分布在不同轴向阶跃分布孔隙率下呈现一定的中心对称性,而在不同径向阶跃分布孔隙率下呈现一定的周期性,孔隙率均匀分布时的籽晶熔化界面形状优于其他情况。在实际工况条件下,可以根据由不同孔隙率分布条件下获取的籽晶熔化状态数据绘制的等值线图对堆积硅料区域的孔隙率分布进行合理配置。

316L不锈钢选区激光熔化单道熔池几何尺寸演变规律

目的探究激光功率(P)和扫描速度(v)对单熔道熔池几何特征尺寸的影响规律,以及P–v组合工艺参数对熔池从成形到稳定状态经历的扫描距离的影响规律。方法以316L为材料,通过单熔道数值仿真分析,建立P–v变量与研究目标之间的影响关系。结果不同P–v参数组合对熔池几何尺寸的影响规律明显,熔池几何参数达到稳定状态需要经历一定的激光扫描距离(小于1 mm)。随着激光功率增大,熔池长度达到稳定状态所经历的激光扫描距离随之增大,而熔池深度尺寸随之减小。扫描速度增大到400 mm/s时,熔池达到稳定经历的扫描长度缩短了6.7%,扫描速度对熔池稳定性的影响效果不显著。结论在SLM单道成形过程中,激光功率、扫描速度越大,成形熔池平均长度尺寸也越大;激光功率越大、扫描速度越小,成形熔池深度及平均宽度越大。模拟试验获得重熔效果较好的P–v参数组合为P=200W、v=800mm/s,重熔率达到94%。在熔池成形过程中,激光功率对熔池稳定性的影响起主导作用。为了减少成形件的边界翘曲,在打印试件初始成形阶段应在合理激光功率范围内选择较高的激光功率。

拉曼光谱在硅酸盐熔体结构研究的应用

硅酸盐在冶金、材料等诸多领域应用非常广泛,硅酸盐熔体的微观结构决定了其物理化学性质,因此,对硅酸盐熔体结构的研究至关重要。拉曼光谱是研究硅酸盐熔体结构的一种有效手段,应用拉曼光谱在常温下测定玻璃态硅酸盐结构和采用高温拉曼光谱技术测定完全熔融状态下硅酸盐结构一直是一个重要的研究方向,并且也取得了很多研究成果。在硅酸盐熔体结构的拉曼谱峰中,400~800cm^(-1)波数段内反映了[SiO_(4)]四面体中桥氧的弯曲或伸缩振动,800~1200cm^(-1)波数段内反映了[SiO4]四面体中非桥氧的对称伸缩振动,含有其它离子的硅酸盐熔体的拉曼谱峰会因离子属性的不同而改变其位移、半高宽和强度。

Unsteady state precipitation of M_(23)C_(6)carbides during thermal cycling in reduced activation steel manufactured by laser melting deposition

The temperature field distribution and thermal history of Fe-9Cr2WVTa reduced activation steel prepared by laser melting deposition(LMD)have been calculated with Gaussian and Ring laser beams,and the nucleation and growth behaviors of M_(23)C_(6)precipitates in the 1st,7th and 19th layers have been calculated using the modified classical nucleation theory and Svoboda Fischer Fratzl Kozeschnik model.The energy distribution shows W-shape with Ring laser beam while it shows V-shape with Gaussian laser beam,which results in the more uniform M_(23)C_(6)size in the same layer with Ring laser beam.Precipitates in the bottom(i.e.,the 1st layer)have the minimum size and the size increases with the layer number with Gaussian and Ring laser beams.The temperature history,the instantaneous nucleation rate and the size evolution of M_(23)C_(6)have been systematically discussed.The results indicate that the nucleation,growth and re-dissolution of precipitates in reduced activation steel depend on the amount of energy absorbed in the thermal cycle during LMD.The continuous accumulation of energy during the thermal cycle leads to larger M_(23)C_(6)at the top area.The unsteady state precipitation dynamics of M_(23)C_(6)carbides during thermal cycling are consistent with the simulation results.

不稳定劳动的多样性:液化劳动和受挫的韩国福利国家的劳动者保护

尽管韩国的经济和福利制度有所发展,但新形式的不稳定劳动仍然普遍存在。本研究将“液化劳动”概念化,并将其视为一种现象,在这种现象中,传统的劳动形式和工作场所之间的界限变得模糊,标准的雇佣关系被消解。本研究提出了一个理论框架,解释了各种不稳定劳动群体是如何在“液化劳动”和劳动者制度保护的交叉点上出现的。研究的主要论点是,由于福利制度无法适应液化劳动所带来的经济和社会结构的变化,加之“传统形式”僵化,使得福利制度正逐渐“褪色”。本研究采用了新开发的理论框架,分析了本应保护劳动者的法律制度如何以及为何未能保护劳动者。该研究基于对包括外包制造业劳动者、平台劳动者等在内的80多名韩国不稳定劳动者的深度采访,描述了他们在劳动力市场上丧失对自己生活的控制力从而经历不稳定性的过程。在液化劳动的扩张中,福利制度“漂移”导致劳动者保护受挫,暴露出各种不稳定的劳动力群体。最后,本研究将不稳定劳动分为“旧的失败者”“新的失败者”和“逐渐显露的失败者”,并为福利制度改革和新阶级理论研究提出了团结和联盟策略。