In Mar.20th,2024,Jinbo Bio-Pharmaceutical released the first performance report since it was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange,with many data hitting a record high.The company realized an operating revenue of 0.78 bill...In Mar.20th,2024,Jinbo Bio-Pharmaceutical released the first performance report since it was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange,with many data hitting a record high.The company realized an operating revenue of 0.78 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 99.96%,and hitting a new high for the past five years.The net profit attributable to shareholders was 0.3 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 174.6%.The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non recurring gains and losses was 0.286 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 181.02%.展开更多
The revenue of Egypt’s tourism sector reached$10.7 billion in the fiscal year 2021/2022 that ended in June 2022,marking an increase of around 120 percent over the$4.9 billion in the previous fiscal year,Egypt’s o&qu...The revenue of Egypt’s tourism sector reached$10.7 billion in the fiscal year 2021/2022 that ended in June 2022,marking an increase of around 120 percent over the$4.9 billion in the previous fiscal year,Egypt’s o"cial statistics authority announced on 9 August.展开更多
Objective To analyze the revenue status of the“fourth terminal”industry of Ali Health,and to explore the opportunities of the“internet and medical health”model and provide some suggestions for China’s medical e-c...Objective To analyze the revenue status of the“fourth terminal”industry of Ali Health,and to explore the opportunities of the“internet and medical health”model and provide some suggestions for China’s medical e-commerce industry.Methods Through literature research and network collection methods,a large number of literature and network materials were studied in detail,and the revenue status of the“fourth terminal”of Ali Health in different fiscal years was compared and analyzed.Results and Conclusion According to the revenue of different fiscal years,the“fourth terminal”industry of Ali Health has developed rapidly,and the revenue gap between different business is large,so the“fourth terminal”industry should be improved.展开更多
Dairy industry has become an increasingly important enterprise in China as people's dietary preferences and composition have changed dramatically with rapid economic development in the past several decades.A number o...Dairy industry has become an increasingly important enterprise in China as people's dietary preferences and composition have changed dramatically with rapid economic development in the past several decades.A number of problems,however,exist in China's relatively young dairy industry,including the imbalanced allocation of profits throughout the dairy supply chain.One of the root causes of the melamine infant powered milk scandal in 2008 was the unfair profit allocation mechanism in dairy supply chain.The revenue sharing contract approach has proven to be effective in generating market shares and total profits.In this study,we apply the three-stage revenue sharing contract model of Giannoccaro and Pontrandolfo(2004) in an analysis of dairy supply chain to explore its problems in profit allocation and possible solutions to them.The analysis was conducted by a case study of Hohhot,often called as "milk capital of China".Our results show that the current profit distribution in the dairy supply chain is not balanced:the supermarket's profitfarmer's profitmanufacturer's profit.Under the revenue sharing contract setting,the dairy industry's total profit increased by 12.49%.By exploring different parameters in the revenue sharing contract model,we have found that a win-win situation can be created among all the members of the supply chain.In dairy supply chain,the ratio of the revenue reserved for the supermarket itself is equal or greater than 47% and the ratio of the revenue reserved for the manufacturer itself is between 46.4 and 50.2%.The values of the parameters that generate a sustainable or win-win situation are related to the bargaining position in the dairy supply chain.The revenue sharing contract has proven to be effective and desirable by all the dairy chain partners in dairy supply chain.The results of this study provide relevant information for improving the dairy supply chain structure and the revenue sharing contract model can be applied to other industries,sectors and regions.展开更多
Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too i...Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.展开更多
Among the existing researches on brand value,few of them focused on the demands of the companies in the clothing industry to brand value. There were three innovation points as follows: first of all,two key demands of ...Among the existing researches on brand value,few of them focused on the demands of the companies in the clothing industry to brand value. There were three innovation points as follows: first of all,two key demands of apparel companies to existing brand value were summarized through investigation; then,the concept of rapid brand value evaluation and multi-dimensional factors( MDFs) was presented; finally,the relationship between apparel corporate brand value and the sales revenue in apparel market with the sales revenue was proven by empirical research.During the process of empirical study,the sales revenue data of 66 apparel enterprises domestic and abroad were collected,and the regression analysis has been done on the relationship between the corporate brand value and the apparel market sales revenue of apparel enterprise. The empirical research showed that they were positively correlated to each other. This conclusion presented a method of judging brand value development trend quickly by single indicator.展开更多
There are few changes that took place in Iraqin many fields during the past few years;the financial aspect is one of the fields that undergone this change. The change has positive impact because it increases the reven...There are few changes that took place in Iraqin many fields during the past few years;the financial aspect is one of the fields that undergone this change. The change has positive impact because it increases the revenue inIraqfrom the oil exports. The National Insurance Company is one of many companies that belongs to the Ministry of Finance inIraqand has affected directly from this change in term of increasing the number of the insurers which we will discuss in this research. The aim of this research is to forecast the insurance premiums revenue of the National Insurance Company between the years 2012 to 2053 using Artificial Neural Network based on the actual annual data of the insurance premiums revenue between the years 1970 to 2011. The data analyses results of this research show that the growth indicator of the insurance premiums revenue for the next 41 years is approximately 120%, the Mean Squared Error is the average squared difference between outputs and targets. Lower values are better. Zero means no error and the regression values are very high. The estimations and forecasts of the insurance premiums revenue using Artificial Neural Network confirmed to be strong and useful to deploy it for forecasting the insurance premiums revenue.展开更多
There are many influencing factors of fiscal revenue,and traditional forecasting methods cannot handle the feature dimensions well,which leads to serious over-fitting of the forecast results and unable to make a good ...There are many influencing factors of fiscal revenue,and traditional forecasting methods cannot handle the feature dimensions well,which leads to serious over-fitting of the forecast results and unable to make a good estimate of the true future trend.The grey neural network model fused with Lasso regression is a comprehensive prediction model that combines the grey prediction model and the BP neural network model after dimensionality reduction using Lasso.It can reduce the dimensionality of the original data,make separate predictions for each explanatory variable,and then use neural networks to make multivariate predictions,thereby making up for the shortcomings of traditional methods of insufficient prediction accuracy.In this paper,we took the financial revenue data of China’s Hunan Province from 2005 to 2019 as the object of analysis.Firstly,we used Lasso regression to reduce the dimensionality of the data.Because the grey prediction model has the excellent predictive performance for small data volumes,then we chose the grey prediction model to obtain the predicted values of all explanatory variables in 2020,2021 by using the data of 2005–2019.Finally,considering that fiscal revenue is affected by many factors,we applied the BP neural network,which has a good effect on multiple inputs,to make the final forecast of fiscal revenue.The experimental results show that the combined model has a good effect in financial revenue forecasting.展开更多
Considering the existence of multi-level fares in the alliance,and the existence of horizontal competition and vertical competition at the same time,this paper intends to maximize the revenue of airline alliance and f...Considering the existence of multi-level fares in the alliance,and the existence of horizontal competition and vertical competition at the same time,this paper intends to maximize the revenue of airline alliance and fairly distribute the revenue to member airlines.Firstly,a model is built under the centralized mechanism,in which all airlines in the alliance are regarded as a whole.By solving the model,the shadow price of each flight leg on the code-sharing route is gotten.It is used to calculate the proportion of the revenue distribution.Then,the centralized model is decomposed into the single airline model by the proportion.The seat allocation among airlines and distributed revenue can be gotten by solving the model.Three typical examples are designed to test it.The results show that,the model can effectively reflect the managerial principal of the airline alliance,that is maximizing total revenue and fairly distributing the revenue among member airlines.展开更多
To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the dece...To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.展开更多
Tax revenue is the main part of the finance revenue, and it plays an important role in the process of achieving the finance goals and promoting the economic development. Tax revenue flexibility is a main index which r...Tax revenue is the main part of the finance revenue, and it plays an important role in the process of achieving the finance goals and promoting the economic development. Tax revenue flexibility is a main index which reveals the whole country's burden on the main macro-economy. The paper did an empirical research on national tax revenue flexibility in Chongqing from the total and structural perspectives, and it shows that there are some fluctuations during 2005-2009, which are still within a normal range. Tax revenue promotes Chongqing's economic growth.展开更多
This paper considers the two-echelon supply chain system which consists of single agricultural producers and retailers,and analyzes the impact of sharing ratio on the option ordering quantity,and retailers and produce...This paper considers the two-echelon supply chain system which consists of single agricultural producers and retailers,and analyzes the impact of sharing ratio on the option ordering quantity,and retailers and producers' expected profits.Studies have shown that in the case of decentralization,when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0 and 0.3,the option ordering quantity of farm produce is a decreasing function of the sharing ratio; when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0.3 and 1,the option ordering quantity of farm produce is an increasing function of sharing ratio; when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0.421 and 1,the agricultural producers and retailers' expected profits are an increasing function of sharing ratio.Finally,through the numerical calculation,the applicability of the conclusions is verified,to provide a reference for the supply chain management practices.展开更多
In this paper, the development conditions of the trades of merchandises among APEC countries, which were based on the APEC environmental goods are retrospected and summarized. Considering the commitments to reduce tar...In this paper, the development conditions of the trades of merchandises among APEC countries, which were based on the APEC environmental goods are retrospected and summarized. Considering the commitments to reduce tariff rates on the 54 types of goods in 2015, the international tariff revenue of each country on this kind of goods will be influenced to different extents. This article quantifies the potential loss of each country from the perspective of the tariff revenue loss and contrasts the results, in order to offer related advice and suggestions from the standpoint of Chinese participation of tariff reduction among environmental goods.展开更多
Within the scope of dual distribution channel(DDC)modes—ME&T-C and M-T&E-C,a game model designed for channel members was proposed.Based on this game model,the game equilibrium under both centralized and decen...Within the scope of dual distribution channel(DDC)modes—ME&T-C and M-T&E-C,a game model designed for channel members was proposed.Based on this game model,the game equilibrium under both centralized and decentralized decisionmaking situations was analyzed,the channel members' and overall revenues of two modes under the same decision-making situation are compared,and the influence of demand shift coefficient to the overall and members' revenue was also studied through example analysis.Based on the comparison and analysis of the revenue yielded from the two DDC modes,it's discovered that within a certain hypothetical range,the M-T&E-C mode seems to be a better option for the manufacturer than the ME&T-C mode.Therefore,this discovery can be served as a theoretical reference for manufacturers when choosing the optimal DDC mode in real life.展开更多
This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and l...This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.展开更多
In a monetary economy, expenditure induces revenue for each agent. We call this the revenue induction phenomenon. Moreover, in a special case, part of the expenditure by an agent returns as their own revenue. We call ...In a monetary economy, expenditure induces revenue for each agent. We call this the revenue induction phenomenon. Moreover, in a special case, part of the expenditure by an agent returns as their own revenue. We call this the expenditure reflux phenomenon. Although the existence of these phenomena is known from the olden days, this paper aims to achieve a more precise quantification of them. We first derive the revenue induction formula through solving the partial money circulation equation. Then, for a special case, we derive the expenditure reflux formula. Furthermore, this paper defines the revenue induction coefficient and the expenditure reflux coefficient, which are the key concepts for understanding the two formulas, and examines their range.展开更多
Potential revenue from wind power generation is an important factor to be considered when planning a wind power investment.In the future,that may become even more important because it is known that wind power generati...Potential revenue from wind power generation is an important factor to be considered when planning a wind power investment.In the future,that may become even more important because it is known that wind power generation tends to push electricity wholesale prices lower.Consequently,it is possible that if a region has plenty of installed wind power capacity,revenue per generated unit of electricity is lower there than could be assumed by looking at the mean electricity wholesale price.In this paper,we compare 17 different locations in Finland in terms of revenue from wind power generation.That is done by simulating hourly generation with three different turbine types at two different hub heights and multiplying that by the hourly electricity spot price for years 2018 and 2019.Estimated revenues differ greatly between locations and turbine types,major factor being technical potential i.e.,the amount of electricity generated.Differences between revenues per generated MWh seem to be small,however,the smallest figures being on the western coast where installed capacities are also the largest in Finland.展开更多
Tourism revenue plays an increasingly essential role in the national economic revenue of Guizhou province,so it is essential to analyze the factors that affect the tourism revenue of Guizhou province.Based on the econ...Tourism revenue plays an increasingly essential role in the national economic revenue of Guizhou province,so it is essential to analyze the factors that affect the tourism revenue of Guizhou province.Based on the econometric model,this paper collects the tourism-related data of Guizhou province from 1999 to 2018,and then selects three variables:the number of tourists,rail mileage,and the number of hotels to make assumptions,and then makes a regression analysis.Finally,the conclusion is drawn that the number of tourists and hotels is significantly related to tourism revenue,and the rail mileage negatively regulates the positive impact of tourists on tourism revenue.Based on this,the paper puts forward some suggestions and measures to improve the tourism revenue of Guizhou province.展开更多
文摘In Mar.20th,2024,Jinbo Bio-Pharmaceutical released the first performance report since it was listed at Beijing Stock Exchange,with many data hitting a record high.The company realized an operating revenue of 0.78 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 99.96%,and hitting a new high for the past five years.The net profit attributable to shareholders was 0.3 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 174.6%.The net profit attributable to shareholders after deducting non recurring gains and losses was 0.286 billion yuan,with a year-on-year increase of 181.02%.
文摘The revenue of Egypt’s tourism sector reached$10.7 billion in the fiscal year 2021/2022 that ended in June 2022,marking an increase of around 120 percent over the$4.9 billion in the previous fiscal year,Egypt’s o"cial statistics authority announced on 9 August.
基金Education Project of Industry-University Cooperation of Ministry of Education(220600514093428)Project of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 2022 Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform(10163-22-17)Subject of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and Shenyang Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Hospital Pharmacy Talents Scene Professional Skills Improvement Project(2021-0-4-138).
文摘Objective To analyze the revenue status of the“fourth terminal”industry of Ali Health,and to explore the opportunities of the“internet and medical health”model and provide some suggestions for China’s medical e-commerce industry.Methods Through literature research and network collection methods,a large number of literature and network materials were studied in detail,and the revenue status of the“fourth terminal”of Ali Health in different fiscal years was compared and analyzed.Results and Conclusion According to the revenue of different fiscal years,the“fourth terminal”industry of Ali Health has developed rapidly,and the revenue gap between different business is large,so the“fourth terminal”industry should be improved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70963007 and 71163026)
文摘Dairy industry has become an increasingly important enterprise in China as people's dietary preferences and composition have changed dramatically with rapid economic development in the past several decades.A number of problems,however,exist in China's relatively young dairy industry,including the imbalanced allocation of profits throughout the dairy supply chain.One of the root causes of the melamine infant powered milk scandal in 2008 was the unfair profit allocation mechanism in dairy supply chain.The revenue sharing contract approach has proven to be effective in generating market shares and total profits.In this study,we apply the three-stage revenue sharing contract model of Giannoccaro and Pontrandolfo(2004) in an analysis of dairy supply chain to explore its problems in profit allocation and possible solutions to them.The analysis was conducted by a case study of Hohhot,often called as "milk capital of China".Our results show that the current profit distribution in the dairy supply chain is not balanced:the supermarket's profitfarmer's profitmanufacturer's profit.Under the revenue sharing contract setting,the dairy industry's total profit increased by 12.49%.By exploring different parameters in the revenue sharing contract model,we have found that a win-win situation can be created among all the members of the supply chain.In dairy supply chain,the ratio of the revenue reserved for the supermarket itself is equal or greater than 47% and the ratio of the revenue reserved for the manufacturer itself is between 46.4 and 50.2%.The values of the parameters that generate a sustainable or win-win situation are related to the bargaining position in the dairy supply chain.The revenue sharing contract has proven to be effective and desirable by all the dairy chain partners in dairy supply chain.The results of this study provide relevant information for improving the dairy supply chain structure and the revenue sharing contract model can be applied to other industries,sectors and regions.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2006BAH02A06)"333 Engineering"Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.
基金Shanghai Style Fashion Design&Value Creation Knowledge Service Center,China(No.ZX201311000031)Shanghai Style Fashion Trend Research Based on Knowledge Management of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.15D110719)Shanghai Style Fashion Trend Research Based on Cloud Computing of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.15D11073)
文摘Among the existing researches on brand value,few of them focused on the demands of the companies in the clothing industry to brand value. There were three innovation points as follows: first of all,two key demands of apparel companies to existing brand value were summarized through investigation; then,the concept of rapid brand value evaluation and multi-dimensional factors( MDFs) was presented; finally,the relationship between apparel corporate brand value and the sales revenue in apparel market with the sales revenue was proven by empirical research.During the process of empirical study,the sales revenue data of 66 apparel enterprises domestic and abroad were collected,and the regression analysis has been done on the relationship between the corporate brand value and the apparel market sales revenue of apparel enterprise. The empirical research showed that they were positively correlated to each other. This conclusion presented a method of judging brand value development trend quickly by single indicator.
文摘There are few changes that took place in Iraqin many fields during the past few years;the financial aspect is one of the fields that undergone this change. The change has positive impact because it increases the revenue inIraqfrom the oil exports. The National Insurance Company is one of many companies that belongs to the Ministry of Finance inIraqand has affected directly from this change in term of increasing the number of the insurers which we will discuss in this research. The aim of this research is to forecast the insurance premiums revenue of the National Insurance Company between the years 2012 to 2053 using Artificial Neural Network based on the actual annual data of the insurance premiums revenue between the years 1970 to 2011. The data analyses results of this research show that the growth indicator of the insurance premiums revenue for the next 41 years is approximately 120%, the Mean Squared Error is the average squared difference between outputs and targets. Lower values are better. Zero means no error and the regression values are very high. The estimations and forecasts of the insurance premiums revenue using Artificial Neural Network confirmed to be strong and useful to deploy it for forecasting the insurance premiums revenue.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61304208)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Province Education Department(18C0003)+2 种基金Research project on teaching reform in colleges and universities of Hunan Province Education Department(20190147)Changsha City Science and Technology Plan Program(K1501013-11)Hunan Normal University University-Industry Cooperation.This work is implemented at the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Finance and Economics Big Data Property,Universities of Hunan Province,Open project,grant number 20181901CRP04.
文摘There are many influencing factors of fiscal revenue,and traditional forecasting methods cannot handle the feature dimensions well,which leads to serious over-fitting of the forecast results and unable to make a good estimate of the true future trend.The grey neural network model fused with Lasso regression is a comprehensive prediction model that combines the grey prediction model and the BP neural network model after dimensionality reduction using Lasso.It can reduce the dimensionality of the original data,make separate predictions for each explanatory variable,and then use neural networks to make multivariate predictions,thereby making up for the shortcomings of traditional methods of insufficient prediction accuracy.In this paper,we took the financial revenue data of China’s Hunan Province from 2005 to 2019 as the object of analysis.Firstly,we used Lasso regression to reduce the dimensionality of the data.Because the grey prediction model has the excellent predictive performance for small data volumes,then we chose the grey prediction model to obtain the predicted values of all explanatory variables in 2020,2021 by using the data of 2005–2019.Finally,considering that fiscal revenue is affected by many factors,we applied the BP neural network,which has a good effect on multiple inputs,to make the final forecast of fiscal revenue.The experimental results show that the combined model has a good effect in financial revenue forecasting.
基金partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK 20151479)the Central University Basic Research Fees(No.NZ2016109)
文摘Considering the existence of multi-level fares in the alliance,and the existence of horizontal competition and vertical competition at the same time,this paper intends to maximize the revenue of airline alliance and fairly distribute the revenue to member airlines.Firstly,a model is built under the centralized mechanism,in which all airlines in the alliance are regarded as a whole.By solving the model,the shadow price of each flight leg on the code-sharing route is gotten.It is used to calculate the proportion of the revenue distribution.Then,the centralized model is decomposed into the single airline model by the proportion.The seat allocation among airlines and distributed revenue can be gotten by solving the model.Three typical examples are designed to test it.The results show that,the model can effectively reflect the managerial principal of the airline alliance,that is maximizing total revenue and fairly distributing the revenue among member airlines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70471034)the Talent Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (s0670-082).
文摘To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China in Central Universities(1009414)
文摘Tax revenue is the main part of the finance revenue, and it plays an important role in the process of achieving the finance goals and promoting the economic development. Tax revenue flexibility is a main index which reveals the whole country's burden on the main macro-economy. The paper did an empirical research on national tax revenue flexibility in Chongqing from the total and structural perspectives, and it shows that there are some fluctuations during 2005-2009, which are still within a normal range. Tax revenue promotes Chongqing's economic growth.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(7093200571102055)+1 种基金Youth Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(13ZB003514ZA0304)
文摘This paper considers the two-echelon supply chain system which consists of single agricultural producers and retailers,and analyzes the impact of sharing ratio on the option ordering quantity,and retailers and producers' expected profits.Studies have shown that in the case of decentralization,when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0 and 0.3,the option ordering quantity of farm produce is a decreasing function of the sharing ratio; when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0.3 and 1,the option ordering quantity of farm produce is an increasing function of sharing ratio; when the revenue sharing ratio is between 0.421 and 1,the agricultural producers and retailers' expected profits are an increasing function of sharing ratio.Finally,through the numerical calculation,the applicability of the conclusions is verified,to provide a reference for the supply chain management practices.
基金Supported by Fund Project of Education Sector Schedule(13YJAZH105)the Decision and Consultant Research Issue of Hunan Province(2013ZZ18)+1 种基金Hunan Province General Higher Institute Educational Reform Research Project(193)the Phased Achievement of WTO Administration Center Postdoctoral Support Project in Shenzhen in 2014
文摘In this paper, the development conditions of the trades of merchandises among APEC countries, which were based on the APEC environmental goods are retrospected and summarized. Considering the commitments to reduce tariff rates on the 54 types of goods in 2015, the international tariff revenue of each country on this kind of goods will be influenced to different extents. This article quantifies the potential loss of each country from the perspective of the tariff revenue loss and contrasts the results, in order to offer related advice and suggestions from the standpoint of Chinese participation of tariff reduction among environmental goods.
基金Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,China(No.14ZS151)Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education,China(No.12YJC630157)Technical Innovation Project of Shanghai Textile(Group)Co.,Ltd.,China(No.2013-zx-12)
文摘Within the scope of dual distribution channel(DDC)modes—ME&T-C and M-T&E-C,a game model designed for channel members was proposed.Based on this game model,the game equilibrium under both centralized and decentralized decisionmaking situations was analyzed,the channel members' and overall revenues of two modes under the same decision-making situation are compared,and the influence of demand shift coefficient to the overall and members' revenue was also studied through example analysis.Based on the comparison and analysis of the revenue yielded from the two DDC modes,it's discovered that within a certain hypothetical range,the M-T&E-C mode seems to be a better option for the manufacturer than the ME&T-C mode.Therefore,this discovery can be served as a theoretical reference for manufacturers when choosing the optimal DDC mode in real life.
文摘This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.
文摘In a monetary economy, expenditure induces revenue for each agent. We call this the revenue induction phenomenon. Moreover, in a special case, part of the expenditure by an agent returns as their own revenue. We call this the expenditure reflux phenomenon. Although the existence of these phenomena is known from the olden days, this paper aims to achieve a more precise quantification of them. We first derive the revenue induction formula through solving the partial money circulation equation. Then, for a special case, we derive the expenditure reflux formula. Furthermore, this paper defines the revenue induction coefficient and the expenditure reflux coefficient, which are the key concepts for understanding the two formulas, and examines their range.
文摘Potential revenue from wind power generation is an important factor to be considered when planning a wind power investment.In the future,that may become even more important because it is known that wind power generation tends to push electricity wholesale prices lower.Consequently,it is possible that if a region has plenty of installed wind power capacity,revenue per generated unit of electricity is lower there than could be assumed by looking at the mean electricity wholesale price.In this paper,we compare 17 different locations in Finland in terms of revenue from wind power generation.That is done by simulating hourly generation with three different turbine types at two different hub heights and multiplying that by the hourly electricity spot price for years 2018 and 2019.Estimated revenues differ greatly between locations and turbine types,major factor being technical potential i.e.,the amount of electricity generated.Differences between revenues per generated MWh seem to be small,however,the smallest figures being on the western coast where installed capacities are also the largest in Finland.
文摘Tourism revenue plays an increasingly essential role in the national economic revenue of Guizhou province,so it is essential to analyze the factors that affect the tourism revenue of Guizhou province.Based on the econometric model,this paper collects the tourism-related data of Guizhou province from 1999 to 2018,and then selects three variables:the number of tourists,rail mileage,and the number of hotels to make assumptions,and then makes a regression analysis.Finally,the conclusion is drawn that the number of tourists and hotels is significantly related to tourism revenue,and the rail mileage negatively regulates the positive impact of tourists on tourism revenue.Based on this,the paper puts forward some suggestions and measures to improve the tourism revenue of Guizhou province.