Discussion on Detection and Evaluation of Simply Supported Prestressed Concrete Small Box Girder Bridge After a Fire

The article takes a simply supported prestressed concrete small box girder bridge project as an example for inspection and evaluation after a fire incident.This includes appearance detection,concrete color hardness detection,concrete strength detection,concrete surface damage layer detection,reinforcement protective layer detection,and concrete carbonation detection.It is hoped that this analysis can be used as a reference for the detection and evaluation of future bridge projects with fire incidents to smoothen its subsequent repair and maintenance.

Dynamic finite element model updating of prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge

The dynamic finite element model （FEM） of a prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge, called the Tongyang Canal Bridge, is built and updated based on the results of ambient vibration testing （AVT） using a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm （RAGA）. The objective functions are defined based on natural frequency and modal assurance criterion （MAC） metrics to evaluate the updated FEM. Two objective functions are defined to fully account for the relative errors and standard deviations of the natural frequencies and MAC between the AVT results and the updated FEM predictions. The dynamically updated FEM of the bridge can better represent its structural dynamics and serve as a baseline in long-term health monitoring, condition assessment and damage identification over the service life of the bridge .

Full-scale model tests and nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete simply supported box girders

Full-scale model tests were carried out on a 30 m span prestressed concrete box girder and a 20 m span prestressed concrete hollow slab. Failure models were prestressed reinforcement tensile failure and crushing of roof concrete,respectively. The ductility indexes of the box girder and hollow slab were 1.99 and 1.23, respectively,according to the energy viewpoint. Based on the horizontal section hypothesis,the nonlinear computation procedure was established using the limited banding law,and it could carry out the entire performance analysis including the unloading,mainly focusing on the ways to achieve the unloading curves computation through stress-strain,moment-curvature and load-displacement curves. Through the procedure,parameters that influence on the bearing capacity,deformation performance and ductility of the structures were analyzed. Those parameters were quantity of prestressed reinforcement and tension coefficients of prestressed reinforcement. From the analysis,some useful conclusions can be obtained.

Weakening effect of vertical prestress ducts on web sections in prestressed concrete box girder bridges

Based on experimental study result of two simply supported beams,which were prestressed by vertical tendons,the research on the weakening effect of vertical prestress ducts on web sections of prestressed concrete box girder was carried out. The test result shows that in the condition without grouting into the ducts,the cracking load is evidently lower than that with full grouting,and stirrup stress and principal tension stress at the surface of concrete will increase obviously. Meanwhile,the finite element analysis has been done to the test beams. The research is consistent with the analysis of finite element. The research tells that strengthening the detection and management for the vertical prestress grouting quality have an important meaning to prevent cracking of the prestressed concrete box girder bridge and provide one theoretical and testing basis for analyzing the cracking reason of such bridges.

Influences of Installment Tensioning Technology on Bearing Capacity of Rectangular Prestressed Concrete Beam

To obtain the relationship between use of installment tensioning technology and the bearing capacity of prestressed concrete beams, tensile and cyclic loading tests are conducted on five rectangular prestressed concreted specimens. Two types of prestressed tensioning methods are adopted in the tests, one uses installment tensioning technology to tension beams on days 4, 12, and 8, 12, respectively, and the other adopts the conventional method to tension the beam on day 28 only. The age of concrete, number of times tensioned, and the prestress value of early tensioning are considered in tests. Results show that use of installment tensioning technology has no effect on the bending failure pattern of prestressed concrete beams, but it reduces prestress loss and increases crack and yield loads.

简支变结构连续小箱梁桥负弯矩区UHPC-NC组合桥面板抗裂性研究

针对当前简支变结构连续小箱梁桥负弯矩区钢束易堵孔、运营中桥面开裂病害等问题,提出一种无负弯矩钢束的UHPC-NC组合桥面板结构。以一座3×30 m简支变结构连续小箱梁桥为研究对象,以正常使用极限状态梁体不开裂为控制准则确定UHPC合理构造尺寸,对所提出的负弯矩组合桥面板结构进行1∶2的缩尺模型试验。试验显示:裂缝首先出现于UHPC-NC交界面处的普通混凝土部分,随后逐渐向UHPC层沿伸,且C50混凝土开裂、梁体破坏对应的截面弯矩分别为3 520,9 152 kN·m(考虑1∶8弯矩缩尺比),大于正常使用极限状态、承载能力极限状态梁体截面弯矩3 300,5 838 kN·m,即该组合桥面板结构满足小箱梁的抗裂与承载能力要求。基于试验结果建立精细化有限元模型,采用参数分析法研究UHPC厚度对梁体开裂荷载、极限承载力等方面的影响。结果表明:梁体开裂弯矩主要由UHPC上覆层厚度决定,相较于普通钢筋混凝土梁,5 cm厚的UHPC上覆层可将梁体开裂弯矩提高28.9%,7.5 cm厚的UHPC上覆层可将梁体开裂弯矩提高41.6%;在配筋率不变的情况下,增大UHPC层厚度对梁体承载力无显著提升。综合考虑梁体受力性能以及施工便利性,建议背景工程UHPC厚度取10 cm。

预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁受剪性能

将预制的UHPC槽形节段通过干缝连接和预应力张拉形成槽形梁,再与整体现浇的混凝土板组合成的组合梁,称为预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁(PUCS-MCS组合梁)。它是一种能充分发挥不同材料的性能、施工方便且整体性能好的新型桥梁结构。为探究其抗剪性能,开展了9根模型梁的试验。分析了接缝数、接缝处剪力键数、剪跨比、UHPC钢纤维体积率、配箍率和纵筋率等参数对试件变形、破坏模式、抗剪承载力的影响;基于试验研究结果,提出了PUCS-MCS组合梁抗剪承载力计算方法。结果表明:PUCS-MCS组合梁均为剪压破坏,所有梁在开裂前的荷载-挠度曲线差异不大,在开裂后刚度不断下降;PUCS-MCS组合梁的抗剪承载力随接缝处剪力键数、UHPC钢纤维掺量、配箍率和纵筋率的增大而增大,随干接缝数量增加和剪跨比的增大而减小,其中影响最显著的是干接缝和剪力键,影响最小的是钢纤维掺量和配箍率,因此PUCS-MCS组合梁可不配箍筋,并可采用较低钢纤维掺量的UHPC。

Shear design of high strength concrete prestressed girders

Normal strength prestressed concrete I-girders are commonly used as the primary superstructure components in highway bridges. However, shear design guidelines for high strength PC girders are not available in the current structural codes. Recently, ten 7.62 m （25 feet） long girders made with high strength concrete were designed, cast, and tested at the University of Houston （UH） to study the ultimate shear strength and the shear concrete contribution （Vc） as a function of concrete strength （f＇c）. A simple semi-empirical set of equations was developed based on the test results to predict the ultimate shear strength of prestressed concrete I-girders. The UH-developed set of equations is a function of concrete strength （√f＇c）, web area （bwd）, shear span to effective depth ratio （a/d）, and percentage of transverse steel （Pt）. The proposed UH-Method was found to accurately predict the ultimate shear strength of PC girders with concrete strength up to 117 MPa （17000 psi） ensuring satisfactory ductility. The UH-Method was found to be not as overly conservative as the ACI-318 （2011） code provisions, and also not to overestimate the ultimate shear strength of high strength PC girders as the AASHTO LRFD （2010） code provisions. Moreover, the proposed UH-Method was found fairly accurate and not exceedingly conservative in predicting the concrete contribution to shear for concrete strength up to 117 MPa （17000 psi）.

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥主梁设计

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥总长6.05 km,分布于伶仃洋大桥及中山大桥2座通航孔桥两侧。泄洪区非通航孔桥采用等跨连续梁布置,4~6跨一联。主梁设计过程中,首先进行110、120、130 m三种跨径方案比选,确定采用最经济的110 m跨径方案。然后针对结构形式,提出预应力混凝土梁、钢-混组合梁和钢箱梁3种方案,从力学性能、经济性和施工风险等方面综合考虑,最终推荐采用钢箱梁方案。钢箱梁采用外形简洁流畅的封闭式断面,有利于后期维养;考虑全线景观效果,主梁高度取4 m,高跨比为1/27.5;横隔板间距取2.5 m,采用实腹式横隔板和框架式横肋的组合式设计,使箱室内部通透性更好;钢箱梁采用Q420qD钢和Q345qD钢2种材料。钢箱梁施工采用适合海上长大桥梁的大节段预制+现场拼装的施工方案。

预应力混凝土箱梁爆炸荷载模型试验及有限元分析

目前针对箱梁爆炸荷载以及冲击波传播规律的研究较少,以目前混凝土桥中应用较为广泛的预应力混凝土箱梁桥为依托工程,以1∶5缩尺比例设计箱梁爆炸荷载试验。试验表明,箱梁顶板超压沿箱梁纵向呈非线性下降梯度分布特点,超压沿箱梁横向近似于梯形荷载分布,随着比例距离的减小,结构超压增大。其次,基于箱梁爆炸荷载试验,建立箱梁三维爆炸数值分析模型,通过将数值分析结果和试验数据进行对比,验证数值模拟的准确性。基于数值分析,揭示爆炸冲击波与箱梁的相互作用机理,明确箱梁冲击波的传播规律。对不同爆炸工况箱梁各部位超压分布规律研究显示:当爆心位于箱梁顶板上方时,顶板迎爆面超压较大;当爆心位于翼缘板下方时,在翼缘和腹板处产生较大超压,其余部位超压较小。而当爆心位于箱梁底板下方时,翼缘、腹板和底板均受到较大的冲击波超压,结构全截面受爆炸影响较大。最后,基于试验和数值分析结果,对不同工况下箱梁顶板、腹板和底板的超压峰值进行方程拟合,建立不同爆炸工况下箱梁关键部位荷载模型。

PC连续箱梁桥的日照温度效应及合龙温度研究

以云南省某大跨径预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为工程背景,研究其日照温度效应以及合龙温度的确定。使用ANSYS数值模拟混凝土箱梁的温度场,结合实测值验证其可靠性,并拟合相应的指数型温度梯度曲线;使用Midas研究日照温度模式对混凝土箱梁桥施工中和成桥下的内力和位移影响;基于年温差效应对合理合龙温度进行研究,并针对非设计合龙温度下的合理施工提出相应的改善措施。结果表明,温度场计算理论得出的数据同实测值吻合较好;拟合出指数型的升温和降温模式下的温度效应公式,尤其是对最大悬臂状态的下挠影响显著,最大下挠值达21.6 mm;结构因整体升温或降温产生的横向位移值比竖向位移值大,升温22℃时,最大纵向位移值为-31.2 mm;合龙温度为10℃时,对主梁结构的受力最好,同时升温带来的结构上挠值对结构长期变形有利。

桥梁顶升施工有限元分析

山东省青岛市辽阳路桥是一座预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥。为实现与新建桥梁的衔接,现需该桥的46#桥梁顶升655~1218mm。利用ANSYS软件建立46#桥梁有限元计算模型,分析其在同步顶升工况、千斤顶失效工况下,顶升至最高点时所需的最大顶升力以及箱梁桥和分配梁的受力和变形情况,以确保桥梁顶升过程中的安全性。结果表明桥梁在两类工况下,均具有较大的安全储备,可保障桥梁顶升过程中的安全可行性。研究成果可为其他同类型桥梁顶升施工工程提供案例参考。

预应力效应对小箱梁纵向开裂影响分析

公路装配式预应力混凝土小箱梁纵向开裂问题较为普遍,纵向裂缝会严重影响结构安全及耐久性能,甚至降低桥梁结构承载力。本文以30 m装配式小箱梁为分析对象,根据后张法预应力对小箱梁梁体的作用机理,采用有限元软件ANSYS并基于等效荷载法,对预应力钢束张拉过程作用于小箱梁梁体的端部锚固力、曲线段径向力、管道偏差力等3种荷载引起的梁体竖向应力进行仿真分析。结果表明:端部锚固力引起的混凝土局部承压区竖向拉应力最大,达到1.503 MPa,发生在距梁端1.5 m附近截面;曲线段径向力引起的梁体竖向拉应力较小,可忽略其对纵向开裂的影响;在规范允许的施工误差范围±1 cm内,管道偏差力引起的梁体竖向拉应力介于0.610~3.250 MPa之间,可能导致梁体纵向开裂。

高速公路桥梁工程后张法预应力砼箱梁施工技术研究

文中将后张法预应力砼箱梁施工技术应用于高速公路桥梁建设项目中,设置预应力孔道及锚垫板,以便于进一步的箱梁模板安装施工;在箱梁的混凝土强度达到设计强度的90%后,进行箱梁砼钢绞线穿束;确定施工流程,根据工程概况,对箱梁进行静荷载测试。结果显示,测试点在静荷载下达到的累计沉降量均在10 mm以内,说明箱梁抗压能力较强,施工质量较好,满足设计要求。

预应力混凝土组合箱梁的抗弯性能试验分析

由于不同的加固方式会对预应力混凝土组合箱梁的承载力造成一定影响,使其容易出现弯曲变形,因此开展预应力混凝土组合箱梁的抗弯性能试验分析。以桩埕路改造项目为例,将四个25 m跨度的混凝土桥梁作为测试样本,使用三分点加载方式完成桥梁试件参数设计,布置测点时需在不同位置增加应变片,通过对有效拉应力与抗弯承载力的计算,将未加固的桥梁与使用板-混凝土组合方式加固的桥梁进行对比,分析其荷载-跨中挠度与抗弯强度对桥梁性能的影响。测试结果表明:所测试的桥梁试件跨中挠度在300~600 mm之间,荷载对应提升了1500 kN;极限状态下的承载力与加固之前相比,分别提升了54.38%、50.46%、55.22%;桥梁的抗弯强度和断裂伸长率相比没有加固的桥梁,桥梁试件A3分别增加了42.5 MPa和245%。对加固后的桥梁工程效果进行分析,未发现组合箱梁裂缝问题。

城市桥梁预应力混凝土梁裂缝防治措施探讨

针对桥梁预应力混凝土梁裂缝和裂纹的产生现象与原因,通过预应力混凝土预制梁的施工现场控制试验经验与应用工程实例,重点从材料选取、配合比控制、施工外界环境、施工工艺与工序、养护条件等方面分析裂缝和裂纹形成机理,结合已有预应力梁出现裂缝和裂纹的维修养护经验,总结出一套裂缝和裂纹完整维修技术,为今后预应力梁施工及桥梁裂缝和裂纹维修提供参考和借鉴。

预应力混凝土桥梁挂篮施工安全技术应用研究

以某高速公路特大桥预应力混凝土箱梁挂篮施工为背景,对连续箱梁挂篮施工流程进行了分析;在合理采用挂篮施工工艺基础上,提出了挂篮行走的安全保证措施和专门的挂篮防倾覆措施,并对挂篮施工高空作业和已完梁段邻边做了安全设置,确保了预应力混凝土连续箱梁挂篮施工质量和安全稳定性。

现浇预应力混凝土连续箱梁施工技术研究

研究了现浇预应力混凝土连续箱梁施工技术,指出了在模板搭设方面,通过合理的模板搭设能够确保工程的顺利进行;在预应力筋布设阶段,科学合理地安排预应力筋的布设对于工程的质量至关重要;在混凝土浇筑阶段,遵循严格的浇筑工艺,可以保障混凝土的质量;对于预应力杆的处理与调整,精准的处理和调整可以保证预应力结构的稳定和安全。论文还针对混凝土的养护以及安全与质量管理进行了详细分析,并提出了一系列可行的技术方案。

新建西十高铁汉江特大桥边跨支架设计与施工

汉江特大桥是西安至十堰铁路的控制性工程,孔跨布置为(67+70+73+420+73+70+67)m斜拉桥+2×32 m简支梁,其中边跨混凝土箱梁总长共285 m,主梁采用钢桁加劲预应力混凝土箱梁,箱式采用单箱四室等高截面,中心处梁高3 m,顶、底板宽度均为17 m。采用钢管立柱支架现浇施工,针对中跨地质情况较差,跨中现浇梁钢管支架采用1 m钻孔灌注桩基础桩的形式克服梁部超重荷载下基础沉降的问题。现浇支架采用分段预压形式,减少预压块的投入。通过计算支架变形、梁体预抬值,精确定位预埋件位置,使用定位架对预埋件精确定位,提高施工效率。

大跨径单箱双室连续梁桥0号块空间受力分析

以佛山南沙涌特大桥为工程实例,对施工阶段过程中不利工况以及长期运营阶段中的墩顶最不利弯矩和剪力组合应力状况进行分析,得出单箱双室0号块在三向预应力情况下的应力结果和分布规律。结果表明最大单悬臂施工阶段、成桥阶段无活载以及成桥后长期荷载作用下,支座附近、顶底板与腹板连接处、横隔板与顶板连接处产生较大的拉应力,且单箱双室的顶板的倒角汇合区域产生了集中拉应力。建议在单箱双室的设计中适当加厚顶板,施工中注意顶板压浆密实性。