A Comparative Analysis of the Administration of Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical medication for treatment of diabetes.[Method] The main types,dosages and prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014 were compared and analyzed using the computer network system.[Result] During 2012-2014,sales quantity and sales amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College demonstrated an upward trend.[Conclusion] Integrative medicine can significantly improve symptoms of diabetes complications.Certain achievements have been made in diabetes treatment by Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.

Repurposing Loperamide as an Anti-Infection Drug for the Treatment of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens

Infections caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens are difficult to treat since most antibiotics have low cell permeability and undergo rapid degradation within cells.The rapid development and dissemination of antimicrobial–resistant strains have exacerbated this dilemma.With the increasing knowledge of host–pathogen interactions,especially bacterial strategies for survival and proliferation within host cells,host-directed therapy(HDT)has attracted increased interest and has emerged as a promising antiinfection method for treating intracellular infection.Herein,we applied a cell-based screening approach to a US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug library to identify compounds that can inhibit the intracellular replication of Salmonella Typhimurium(S.Typhimurium).This screening allowed us to identify the antidiarrheal agent loperamide(LPD)as a potent inhibitor of S.Typhimurium intracellular proliferation.LPD treatment of infected cells markedly promoted the host autophagic response and lysosomal activity.A mechanistic study revealed that the increase in host autophagy and elimination of intracellular bacteria were dependent on the high expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B(GPNMB)induced by LPD.In addition,LPD treatment effectively protected against S.Typhimurium infection in Galleria mellonella and mouse models.Thus,our study suggested that LPD may be useful for the treatment of diseases caused by intracellular bacterial pathogens.Moreover,LPD may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of anti-infection drugs based on the HDT strategy.

Recent advances in particulate drug delivery systems: Oral, pulmonary, and ophthalmic administrations

Colloidal drug carriers such as liposomes,lipid emulsions,and polymeric nanoparticles have great potential to deliver drugs effectively.Preparation of nano-crystals of API has also received much attention to design dosage forms to complete effective drug delivery.A variety of investigations have been carried out toward the design of an optimal particulate system.

美国食品药物管理总局(FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,简称 FDA)情况简介

FDA是美联邦政府卫生部(DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICE简称DHHS直译应为卫生及人类服务部,实即卫生部及有关福利事宜)下的直属机构。是对食品及药物等方面制定规范及进行管理的权威性机关。FDA除主要对食品、药物外还包括有生物制品,化妆品及医疗设施等的管理,与农业部(负责肉类、疏菜、水果的管理)、环境保护局(E.P.A)(负责空气、饮水、废弃物、农药、毒品等的管理)分工统管环境中的化学物。它们都是以立法为根据的代表政府的执法机关。 FDA的前身为化学部(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMLSTRY)建于1906年。现有工作人员约8。

The State Food and Drug Administration:Supervisory Regulations on Cosmetics May Be Introduced This Year

On May 28, 2019 Chinese Cosmetics Development Conference was held in Beijing. At the conference, Li Nan, chief of the General Division, Supervision Department of the State Food and Drug Administration introduced China’s development concerning the cosmetics supervisory rules and regulations from the perspectives of legislation plan and thinking. He mentioned that the regulations on supervision and administration of cosmetics are expected to be released this year, and the regulations on cosmetic registration and label management.

Evaluation of Mass Drug Administration Impact on Transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis in 13 Sanitary Districts in Burkina Faso

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination as a public health issue in the world by 2020. To achieve this goal, one of the strategies is interruption of transmission using chemotherapy (mass drug administration). Burkina Faso in west Africa, an endemic country, has endorsed this resolution. In 2000, all Sanitary Districts (SD) in the country were endemic, and then a national elimination program has made it possible to stop mass treatment in 45 out of 70 SD over 12 years. Sixteen years later, 13 other SD were reeligible for Transmission Assessment Surveys (TAS). This study aimed to determine the current level of the Mass drugs Administration (MDA) impact indicators in these 13 targeted SD in order to decide whether we need to continue MDA. Method: It was a descriptive study that took place from June to September 2017 in 13 SD regrouped into 7 Evaluation Units (EU). The population of the study was 6 to 7 years old children. The community-based cluster survey method was used. The diagnostic test used to detect Wuchereria bancrofti’s circulating antigen (W. bancrofti) is the Filariasis Test Strip (FTS). The critical threshold of positivity was set at 18 positive subjects per EU. Results: We sampled a total of 12,060 children, 48.9% were female and 51.1% male. In the 7 EU, 13 children were positive to W. bancrofti test. The average antigenic prevalence was 0.11% (13/12,060). In all EU, the number of positive subjects was below the critical threshold. Conclusion: At the end of this evaluation of the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in 13 SD of Burkina Faso, we can tell the MDA could be stopped in these areas without risk of resurgence of the disease, according to the current recommendations of WHO. This can be possible by setting up post-TMM surveillance, considering migratory flows, and including villages where positive cases were found to search possible residual transmission zones.

Work Hard to Ensure Food,Drugs Safety for the People——An interview with Shao Mingli,director-general of the State Food and Drug Administration(SFDA)

Following is an interview given by Shao Mingli, director-general of China＇s State Food and Drug Administration to our reporter on what is being done to ensure food and drug safety in China. As everybody knows, food and drug safety is vital to people＇s lives.

Effectiveness of ivermectin mass drug administration in the control of soil-transmitted helminth infections in endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Current soil-transmitted helminth(STH)control guidelines endorse the use of albendazole or meben-dazole for school-based targeted preventive chemotherapy(PC),yet their reduced efficacy against Strongyloides sterc-oralis and Trichuris trichiura presents significant limitations.Emerging evidence indicates that community-wide PC[or mass drug administration(MDA)]using ivermectin,commonly used in other neglected tropical disease(NTD)control programs,may play an important role in controlling these parasites.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin PC in reducing STH prevalence in endemic populations.Methods We searched Pubmed,EMBASE,and Web of Science on February 14,2023,for studies that investigated the effectiveness of ivermectin PC,either alone or in combination with other anthelmintic drugs,on STH infec-tions,and provided a measure of STH prevalence before and after PC.We calculated pooled prevalence reductions for each STH using random-effects meta-analyses.Our protocol is available on PROSPERO(registration number CRD42023401219).Results A total of 21 were eligible for the systematic review,of which 15 were eligible for meta-analysis.All studies delivered ivermectin through MDA.The pooled prevalence reduction of S.stercoralis following MDA with ivermec-tin alone was 84.49%(95%CI:54.96-94.66)across five studies and 81.37%(95% CI:61.62-90.96)across seven studies with or without albendazole.The prevalence reduction of T.trichiura was 49.93%(95%CI:18.23-69.34)across five studies with ivermectin alone,and 89.40%(95%CI:73.66-95.73)across three studies with the addition of albendazole.There was high heterogeneity for all syntheses(I^(2)>65%).Conclusions This study underscores the key role of ivermectin-based MDA in addressing limitations in current global STH guidelines in terms of limited efficacy against S.stercoralis and T.trichiura.Based on these findings,revising inter-national STH guidelines to include ivermectin is a promising option to progress the control and eventual elimination ofSTHsandotherNTDs.

Sulfuryl Group-Involved Drugs Approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)from 2021 to 2023

Organic sulfone compounds,exhibiting interesting bioactivities,were widely applied in the field of pharmaceutical and medicine.And numerous of sulfuryl group-involved drugs were approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA).Odevixibat,maralixibat chloride and belzutifan approved in 2021 could be applied in the treatment of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC),cholestatic pruritus and clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC),respectively.In 2022,abrocitinib,pyrukynd and voquezna were approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis,pyruvate kinase deficiency(PKD)and acid-related disorders,respectively.Defencath for preventing bloodstream infections,sparsentan for treatment of proteinuria related to IgA nephropathy,and xacduro for treatment of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia(HABP)were approved in 2023.In this review,the synthesis and therapies of these sulfuryl group-involved drugs approved from 2021 to 2023 are discussed in details.

Fifty-six Cases of Stubborn Eczema Treated by Oral Administration and Topical Application of Herbal Medicine

Eczema is a kind of very common dermatopathy. The cases with a long course of illness and hard to be cured are termed as stubborn eczema. We have obtained good results in its treatment since 1995 with the Chu Shi Tang (除湿汤Dampness-Clearing Decoction) for oral intake and the Fu Fang Ku Shen Xi Ye (复方苦参洗液) for topical application. The following is a clinical report for treating 56 patients with stubborn eczema.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of Acquired Paralytic Strabismus by Acupuncture Plus Oral Administration of Chinese Herbs

From June 1996 to June 2002, the author treated 38 cases of acquired paralytic strabismus by acupuncture plus oral administration of Zheng Rong Tang (正容汤), with another 38 cases of acquired paralytic strabismus treated only with oral administration of Chinese herbs as the controls. The results are reported as follows.

Disposition of nanoparticle-based delivery system via inner ear administration

The inner ear is difficult to access by conventional systemic drug delivery due to formidable physiological and anatomic barriers.There is an increasing interest in the treatment of inner ear disorders by topical application of drugs to the inner ear.One of the most important issues to overcome before full clinical application is the development of smart delivery systems for drugs to the target sites and controlled release in the inner ear.This is an area where nanoparticles will play an extremely important role.These submicron particles have exhibited improved biocompatibility,in vivo stability,target specificity,and cell/tissue uptake and internalization of the encapsulated therapeutic agents,leading to a decrease in the dose required and a decrease in side effects.This unique combination of properties makes nanoparticles a novel delivery device,which fulfils the requirements for inner ear application.This review will summarize recent findings and applications of various nanoparticle-based systems like poly(D,L-lactic/glycolic acid) nanoparticles,magnetic nanoparticles,lipid nanoparticles,liposomes,polymersomes,hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,and silica nanoparticles in the field of inner ear drug delivery.Moreover,the review will provide an insight into the future strategies of nanoparticle-based cochlear drug delivery.In conjunction,physiological considerations related to inner ear administration will be highlighted.The routes and applications for local inner-ear drug delivery will also be mentioned.In closing,this review will give an overview of the potential future development in inner ear administration with nanoparticles.

医院合理用药信息化建设创新实践

目的提高医院药事管理效能,促进临床合理用药。方法医院药学部以原有合理用药信息化系统知识库为基础,建立了以问题为导向的双联合工作机制,主要表现为信息药师针对临床药师事后点评发现的用药问题建立管控方案,编写管控规则,不断完善知识库,通过信息化在处方和医嘱前置审核环节进行管控。在此基础上,对重点项目(如门诊适应证、围术期抗菌药物、抗肿瘤药物管理等)建立系统管控方案。结果2020年至2022年,共改进、优化基础知识库规则5266项,建立了具备564项自定义规则的自定义知识库;实现合理用药信息化系统版本升级4次,系统创新与改进32项;门诊/住院次均药品费用增幅、门诊处方合理率、住院医嘱合理率、抗菌药物使用强度等药事管理指标改善明显。结论构建全面的合理用药监管体系,能有效提升医院药事管理水平与药学服务能力,促进临床合理用药水平的提升。

《抗肿瘤药物临床应用管理标准》制订与解析

抗肿瘤药物是指通过细胞杀伤、免疫调控、内分泌调节等途径,在细胞、分子水平进行作用,达到抑制肿瘤生长或消除肿瘤的药物,一般包括化学治疗药物、分子靶向治疗药物、免疫治疗药物、内分泌治疗药物等。医疗机构对抗肿瘤药物的管理及合理应用,关系到肿瘤患者的治疗安全。《抗肿瘤药物临床应用管理标准》由中国医院协会药事专业委员会牵头编制,对医疗机构抗肿瘤药物管理工作中涉及的组织管理与制度、用药管理、药品监测与评价三个环节中的18个关键要素进行了规范要求,适用于开展肿瘤诊疗的各级各类医疗机构。该文阐述了该标准制定方法和基本内容,以期为医疗机构开展相关工作提供参考和借鉴。

防范儿童住院患者给药错误的最佳证据总结

目的 总结儿童用药给药错误管理与预防的最佳实践证据,为临床用药提供参考。方法 根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心的问题开发工具构建循证问题,检索用药错误相关指南和共识,由研究者对纳入文献进行质量评价,对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取和汇总。结果 共纳入文献9篇,包括循证指南2篇,专家共识7篇。最终从管理、环境与设备、标签、信息、核查、医嘱、给药、高危药品管理等方面共总结34条最佳证据。结论 防范儿童用药给药错误证据较全面,纳入指南质量相对较高,但儿科人群指南尚不足,且防范儿童给药错误偏重剂量错误的预防,未来需开展更多用药错误类型的防范策略研究。

《药品标准管理办法》解读与思考

2023年7月,国家药品监督管理局发布《药品标准管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)。本文就《办法》的主要内容进行解读,分析其存在的不足为:《办法》现有条文中对药品标准代号和药品标准信息化建设目标未明确。建议国家药品监督管理部门及时向标准化主管部门申请药品标准代号“YB”字母的确权,并将药品标准代号、编号规则在下一轮《办法》修正时写入条文,同时明确药品标准信息化体系建设目标;按用户界面层、计算处理层、数据存储层的基本框架搭建国家药品标准数据共享平台,免费向社会公开数字化药品标准,提供查阅和下载服务。

推进兽医药品立法工作的思考及建议

自《兽药管理条例》(简称《条例》)颁布实施以来,我国兽药行业获得了极大发展。然而,随着社会发展和行业进步,现行《条例》在执行过程中逐渐显现出一些与当前工作形势不相适应的问题。本文中,从兽药研发、生产、经营、使用以及监督管理环节,介绍了《条例》颁布实施以来的成效,详细分析了其实施后出现的权威性不够、适用范围过于宽泛、事权划分不尽合理等7方面问题。基于此,提出了加快对兽药管理工作进行立法,制定《兽医药品法》的建议。通过论述立法的必要性、可行性以及指导思想和基本原则,从明确立法时间安排、工作步骤以及《兽医药品法》的适用范围和需要调整的主要内容等方面,展望了后续立法工作,以期进一步规范兽医药品的生产、经营、使用和监管等工作,促进兽药产品质量提高,保障动物源产品质量安全。

新精神活性物质“毒品化”处理的法理不兼容性研究

新精神活性物质长期被作为毒品看待,但这与毒品犯罪的行政犯属性相矛盾。事实上,新精神活性物质与毒品的法律属性和规范属性不在同一层面,在是否应当管制,列管的方式、边界上也与毒品有重大差异。简单地将制造、贩卖、运输新精神活性物质的行为直接认定为毒品犯罪,有违罪刑法定原则,甚至有可能违反宪法和立法法。司法实践中,已经出现涉新精神活性物质案件定性和定罪量刑的困难和矛盾,在将其认定为毒品犯罪的同时,或采用法定最低刑处理,或认定为未遂犯和不能犯。新精神活性物质与毒品并不兼容,不能将列管不明的新精神活性物质等同于毒品,更不能将未列管的物质认定为毒品。在坚持罪刑法定原则的前提下,对新精神活性物质应当秉持理性和审慎态度,跳出固有的“毒品化”思维,使其回归其药品及化学品的本质属性,这是解决新精神活性物质定罪量刑疑难问题的关键。

基于医护协作的药品信息化管理对门诊血液透析患者透析用药依从性及生化指标的影响

目的探讨基于医护协作的药品信息化管理对门诊血液透析患者透析用药依从性及生化指标的影响。方法采用便利抽样法选取2021年10月—2022年9月沧州市中心医院血液透析室的患者为研究对象。2021年10月—2022年3月采用常规透析药品管理方法,2022年4月—9月采用基于医护协作的信息化透析药品管理方法。采用配对样本t检验及配对χ^(2)检验比较信息化管理前后患者透析用药依从性及生化指标合格率的变化。结果共纳入252例患者。药品信息化管理后与管理前相比,患者透析用药依从性得分提高(t=32.563,P<0.001);血红蛋白(χ^(2)=11.021,P=0.001)、白蛋白(χ^(2)=8.481,P=0.004)、血钙(χ^(2)=24.735,P<0.001)、全段甲状旁腺激素(χ^(2)=11.529,P=0.001)合格率提升。结论基于医护协作的药品信息化管理提高了患者透析用药依从性及生化指标合格率,具有推广价值。

北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统建设现状分析

目的探究北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统的建设现状。方法选取2021年1~12月北京市辖区内109家二级及以上医院上报的质控数据进行分析,对麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统相关的质控指标实行动态管理,探讨其在临床麻醉及质控管理中的应用现状。结果截至2021年12月,64家医院(58.7%)启用麻醉科电子记录系统,63家(57.8%)医院启用电子化麻醉记录单,45家(41.3%)医院启用电子化术前访视记录单,49家(45.0%)医院启用电子化术后随访记录单,32家(29.4%)医院启用电子化麻醉恢复室记录单,23家(21.1%)医院配备智能药柜,68家(62.4%)医院配备彩色药品标签。朝阳区、海淀区、东城区、西城区麻醉科电子病历信息化医院数量较多,顺义区、门头沟区、通州区、平谷区上报的医院中只有1~2家医院启用麻醉信息管理系统,麻醉科电子病历信息化程度较低,怀柔区、密云区上报的医院中尚未启用麻醉信息管理系统。结论北京市部分区域麻醉电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化仍偏低、麻醉信息化建设滞后,需进一步加强麻醉质控管理标准化和医疗服务同质化建设。