Investigation on Plant Species and Health Assessment in Roof Garden in East Area of Zhengzhou City

Using the plant of roof garden as an object, the effect of application of plant species, growth status, and health evaluation on the construction of roof garden in east area of Zhengzhou were investigated through the investigation and analysis in order to put forward the main problems of each plant species and select the suitable plant species and configuration. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the roof garden greening plants and ground greening plant species, however, there was a big problem in terms of plant disease and root aeration. And so the root shallow, barren resistance, wind resistance, drought-tolerant plants were appropriately chosen in the construction of roof garden, in which low small trees, shrubs, ground cover, and climbing plants was given priority to.

Present state,basic theories,methods and progresses of investigation and assessment on marine hazardous geology in China

The achievement progresses of investigation and studies on marine hazardous geology are summarized and presentsd in the late 20 century in China. The importance, research value and present-day studies of marine hazardous geology, a newly developing branch of geoscience, are well expatiated. Several often confused concepts and theories are explained and redefined here. The comment on the means of investigations, assessment of marine hazardous geology, as well as its evolution, innovation, existing questions and future tasks are also introduced and presented. The concepts of 'hazard geology', geohazard', 'map of marine hazard geology', 'integrated evaluaton on seafloor stablity' are respectively discussed, including their definition, research objects, methods and contents. The types and classification of marine hazardous geology, principles and methods of marine hazardous geology map compilation, the assessment methods and models of marine hazardous geology environment and seafloor stability and so on are also discussed.

Eutrophication investigation and assessment of the Daning River after water storage of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The Daning River is a very important tributary in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is also a famous scenic spot. Anomalies appeared after water storage of the reservoir in June, 2003. In September, 2003, eutrophication monitoring in the 135-m backwater reach of the Daning River was conducted and the data were simply analyzed. The assessment result is that water body in the segment from Shuanglong to Longmen was mesotrophic or eutrophic. At the same time, the causes of its nutritional change were discussed, and counter-measures have been proposed.

Key Technology Research and Exemplification Analysis on Investigation and Assessment of Geoheritages and Geopark Construction

In recent years,great efforts have been made on the geoparks’ application and construction,but there is a shortage of research on the theories and methodologies of geoheritage investigation and assessment. Based on the summaries of having finished geoheritage investtigation and assessment and geopark construction projects,some key technologic methods analyzed in this paper are as follows:(1)

Investigation and Hazard Assessment of Invasive Alien Plants on the Campus of Tongren University

[Objectives]The paper was to investigate and assess the species,distribution and hazard status of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University.[Methods]A survey was conducted using line survey method,and the risk assessment index system of invasive alien plants was established by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).[Results]There were 11 species of invasive alien plants on the campus of Tongren University,belonging to 8 genera and 5 families.There were 6 species of invasive alien plants belonging to Asteraceae,accounting for 54.55%of the total.In terms of the origin of invasive plants,most of them were native to North America and Europe,accounting for 27.27%of the total.In terms of harmful level,there were no high-risk invasive plants on the campus of Tongren University,but Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest score and was the most harmful.[Conclusions]The present situation of alien plant invasion on the campus of Tongren University is closely related to the ecological environment of the campus.It is suggested to strengthen the management of campus plants,focus on the prevention and control of A.philoxeroides,and carry out regular investigation of invasive alien plants on campus to ensure the ecological safety of the campus.

Comparative study of different machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study of Conghua District, Guangzhou, China

Machine learning is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide prediction.To clarify and evaluate the differences in characteristics and prediction effects of different machine learning models,Conghua District,which is the most prone to landslide disasters in Guangzhou,was selected for landslide susceptibility evaluation.The evaluation factors were selected by using correlation analysis and variance expansion factor method.Applying four machine learning methods namely Logistic Regression(LR),Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB),landslide models were constructed.Comparative analysis and evaluation of the model were conducted through statistical indices and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The results showed that LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models have good predictive performance for landslide susceptibility,with the area under curve(AUC)values of 0.752,0.965,0.996,and 0.998,respectively.XGB model had the highest predictive ability,followed by RF model,SVM model,and LR model.The frequency ratio(FR)accuracy of LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models was 0.775,0.842,0.759,and 0.822,respectively.RF and XGB models were superior to LR and SVM models,indicating that the integrated algorithm has better predictive ability than a single classification algorithm in regional landslide classification problems.

Reducing risks in the investigation, design and construction of large concrete dams

An overview of the GeoSafe 2016 Symposium topic is provided using the example of large concrete dams for purposes of illustration.It is essential that the risks associated with large dams be evaluated rigorously and managed proactively at all stages of their lives so that the risk of failure remains As Low As Reasonably Practicable(ALARP).Rock engineering features of large concrete dams that require particular attention,assessment and monitoring during the investigation,design,construction,initial filling,inservice operation,and subsequent repair and upgrade stages of the lives of concrete dams are identified and illustrated by examples from recorded experiences.A number of major concrete dam failures,including that of the St.Francis dam,California,U.S.A.,in 1928,have led to significant developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering knowledge and techniques,as well as in dam design and review processes.More recent advances include a range of analytical,numerical modelling,probabilistic,reliability,failure mode and risk assessment approaches.

Primary Investigations on Yangtze River Bank Slope Stability in Wanzhou for the Three Gorges Reservoir Project

This paper investigates the main factors contributing to bank slope failures, such as the structure of rock and soil, water level change, bank slope gradient, vegetation, weathering and human activities. Based on these investigations, the bank slope failure models are analyzed. The stability of bank slopes in Wanzhou is investigated using geological surveying, 2D resistivity imaging surveying, excavated trenches and other methods. Finally, the disasters of bank slope failures in Wanzhou were investigated in detail. The results show that instability problems might occur in 60.38 km of bank slopes when the water level rises to 175 m. It is suggested that 37.8 km of unstable bank slopes should be stabilized, and 14.2 km of unstable banks should be moved or avoided after further geological surveying and reconnaissance. These results provide scientific basis and reliable data for the government to develop the third geodisaster prevention plan for the Three Gorges reservoir.

矿区生态环境调研评估与修复方案研究

以某矿区为例,对矿区水文环境、工程地质、基本设施等生态环境进行调研分析,结合调研结果预估矿山地质环境影响,分析矿区采矿活动对各类矿区地质环境因素所造成的影响。根据地质环境影响预测评估结果,实施矿区地质环境治理分区,介绍工程生态环境修复方案设计,为后续矿区生态环境修复方案设计,提供调研评估方法与修复设计方案参考。

关于电信网络诈骗案件侦查用谋的思考

应对电信网络诈骗犯罪的高发态势,仅从技术层面创新侦查技战法、优化侦查技术策略存在一定局限。公安机关应秉持“两手抓,两手都要硬”的思路,在进一步强化信息技术作用的前提下,高度重视侦查谋略在此类案件中的运用和创新。运用侦查谋略,能够弥补信息技术手段在侦查中的不足,充分发挥侦查主体智慧优势,进一步查明案情、获取证据、抓获犯罪嫌疑人。侦查此类犯罪案件,侦查人员应审时度势、因势设谋,通过攻心夺气、奇正相合、示形用佯、迂直相寓等谋略,积极主动开展谋势、谋人、谋事、谋证等方面工作。

第二次青藏高原综合科学考察学术产出及影响研究

文章基于文献计量方法,定量分析了第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专项近5年来的学术产出、学术影响和社会影响情况,以期对我国青藏高原科研布局以及科技评估提供有益的参考。从产出规模来看,第二次青藏科考专项在同期为我国青藏高原研究贡献了24.94%的论文产出、60.93%的NSP期刊论文和41.90%的高影响力期刊论文。从学术影响来看,专项在同期为我国青藏高原研究贡献了25.17%的论文被引用次数和45%的学科前1%高引用论文。从社会影响来看,专项在同期为我国青藏高原研究贡献了27.89%的国际合作论文,其中近四分之一为“一带一路”国家,促进了我国的国际合作交流和“一带一路”倡议的实施。专项的近三分之一论文引用为国际引用,对我国在青藏高原研究领域的国际影响力和引领地位起到了增强和促进作用。

桥梁文物预防性保护技术的研究现状与展望

桥梁文物保护具有重要的历史、文化和社会意义。针对当前桥梁文物保护中存在的“承灾机理不清、风险评估不准、隐患排查不全”等瓶颈问题,国家重点研发计划项目《桥梁文物风险评估和隐患排查关键技术与示范》以“结构承灾机理—风险评估方法—预防性保护技术—工程应用示范”为主线展开研究,旨在建立考虑残损状态下古代砖石拱桥和木廊桥承灾机理的风险定量评估方法,研发桥梁文物隐患排查技术和风险监测平台构建技术,实现方便操作和高效智能的桥梁文物预防性保护目标,研究成果将提升我国桥梁文物保护的科技创新能力和技术应用水平。

江苏省大米重金属调查与膳食摄入评估

为探究苏南、苏中、苏北地区大米中重金属含量的空间分布特征,及其经大米途径摄入重金属元素的健康风险,本研究于2014—2018年收集了江苏省13个地级市产地的980份稻谷样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),对糙米中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)元素的含量进行了研究。结果表明:江苏省大米中Cd、总As、无机As、Pb和Cr含量范围分别为0.002~0.314、0.003~0.513、0.003~0.385、0.002~0.722 mg·kg^(-1)和0.002~1.982 mg·kg^(-1),算术平均值分别为0.038、0.147、0.110、0.032 mg∙kg^(-1)和0.042 mg∙kg^(-1)。相较于食品安全国家标准GB 2762—2022,大米中Cd、Pb和Cr含量超标率依次为0.9%、2.8%和0.2%,据估测大米中无机As含量的超标率为0.2%。与全国和全球水平相比,江苏省大米中总As和无机As含量较高,人群具有较高的大米无机As暴露风险。江苏省大米中Cd含量呈现由北向南递增的空间分布特征,苏南地区人群具有相对较高的大米Cd暴露风险,间接地反映出了苏南地区的土壤Cd活性较高,这可能与苏南地区发达的工业经济和土壤pH较低相关。江苏省成人单位体质量日均大米Cd、无机As、Pb和Cr摄入量分别为0.19、0.48、0.14μg·kg^(-1)和0.18μg·kg^(-1),与世卫组织和国际粮农组织推荐的健康指导值相比,通过大米膳食摄入重金属量整体较低,但江苏省大米无机As和苏南地区大米Cd的暴露风险相对较高。综上,江苏省大米重金属含量总体处于安全范围,建议加强监测江苏省各产地大米中Cd和无机As的含量,降低江苏省局部地区成人的大米Cd、无机As的膳食暴露风险。

植入性医疗器械在磁共振成像检查中的应用现状调研及临床建议

目的了解植入性医疗器械在磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查中的应用现状并提出临床建议。材料与方法本研究为横断面调查研究,采用方便取样法。依托中华医学会放射学分会护理学组,于2023年2月至3月通过问卷星对从事影像护理工作的护士发放电子调查问卷。本研究对可兼容植入性医疗器械的MRI检查临床应用情况、植入物材料、磁场场强、植入时长以及扫描时间的限定条件进行现状调查。数据收集完成后输入Excel 2016软件进行数据分析,计数资料采用频数、百分比(%)进行描述性统计分析。结果共有28个省、自治区、直辖市227家医院影像科护士填写有效问卷。对9类植入性医疗器械的临床应用调查显示,75.00%以上的医院检查前要求患者或家属签字,81.01%的医院要求植入可兼容起搏器的临床医师签字,77.85%的医院要求携带说明书。其中人工关节、心脏支架、骨科内固定物行MRI检查的允许或部分允许医院数最多,分别占比为87.22%、86.79%和81.05%。电子人工耳蜗行MRI检查的允许或部分允许医院数最少,占比为31.28%。除输液港外,其他8类植入性医疗器械医院要求扫描磁场≤1.5 T的占比在64.71%~83.15%之间。限制植入时间>3周的占比在63.01%~92.96%之间。限制扫描时间≤15 min的占比为28.32%~39.44%。结论目前国内各医院对9类植入性医疗器械的临床应用及临床适应条件存在不同。建立全国统一性、同质性的临床安全评估及临床应用标准对影像科护士的临床安全筛查和判断有一定的指导意义。

黄土液化作用及其次生灾害风险评估方法初探——以积石山M_(S)6.2地震为例

2023年12月18日甘肃积石山6.2级地震引发的黄土液化泥石流地质灾害,造成了大量人员伤亡和财产损失。以此为背景,系统梳理了液化调查、风险评估和风险区划的工作思路:选定地区液化的内在和诱发因子,收集并分析资料,拟定调查工作底图,以调查问卷的形式开展液化影响因素摸底工作,开展针对性的外业调查或辅以物探和钻探工作,得到土壤液化发育潜势实际材料图;其后借用常规地质灾害的评估方法,开展调查区域的易发性、易损性评价和风险评价,得到调查区风险区划图。利用此方法对积石山地震诱发的泥石流灾害进行验证,分析其液化灾害的地质环境背景、形成机理和危害特征,并对其发生的风险进行评价。文章首次提出土的液化作用及其次生灾害区域调查因子的选择和风险评估的流程,可为开展土层液化作用及其次生灾害隐患区排查、国土空间规划,特别是高烈度山区集中居住点地质安全评估和选址建议提供参考。

某地区炼油厂土壤污染状况调查及环境风险评估

本文以某地区炼油厂遗留地块为调查分析对象,对厂区进行人员访谈、资料收集、现场踏勘,并据此设置该地块土壤及地下水采样分析监测方案,根据调查结果评价该地块的污染状况,对土壤污染的风险作出评估。调查结果表明,该地块土壤样品均检出镍元素、苯酚及石油烃超标,超标功能区主要是炼油厂车间、炼油车间及煤油储罐。在假定暴露场景下,该地块特征污染物镍、石油烃会带来不可接受的人体健康风险,需要对该地块进行土壤修复工作。

三级医院ICU护士对ICU获得性衰弱评估及预防策略实践现状的调查研究

目的调查三级医院ICU护士对ICU获得性衰弱(intensive care unit acquired weakness,ICU-AW)评估及预防策略实践现状,并分析影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2022年11月—12月选取北京市、辽宁省、河北省28所三级医院的397名护士为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。结果ICU-AW评估主要由医生完成(55.42%),肌力评估是首选方法(65.49%)。84.13%护士反映临床未有ICU-AW相关的标准化策略或流程,主要预防措施是镇痛镇静(65.24%)、早期活动(62.47%),活动形式主要是呼吸功能指导(33.00%)、床上被动训练(33.25%)。护士ICU-AW评估与预防策略认知得分为(20.74±8.03)分,态度得分(26.68±4.19)分,实践得分(29.79±5.40)分。年龄、工作年限、学历、医院地区分布是护士对ICU-AW评估与预防措施实践的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论目前护士对ICU-AW认知水平不足,ICU-AW评估方式受限,缺乏标准化干预流程,人力资源不足。建议加强ICU-AW教育培训,完善资源配置,构建标准化的评估和实践流程,促进ICU-AW评估与预防实践的临床开展。

勘察数据变化条件下空间变异土坡稳定可靠度协同更新方法

贝叶斯理论为合理表征土性参数的空间变异性以及量化勘察数据(如不排水剪切强度值)对边坡稳定可靠度的影响提供了有效工具。然而,勘察数据随边坡空间位置变化,而且土性参数空间变异性表征模型(如随机场模型)包含高维不确定性参数。勘察数据的动态变化与高维随机参数反演导致基于贝叶斯理论的边坡稳定可靠度更新具有显著的计算量。为此,提出了考虑变化勘察数据的空间变异土坡稳定可靠度协同更新方法。该方法首先基于贝叶斯更新框架BUS模拟条件随机场,执行边坡稳定性分析;然后基于拒绝抽样原理和协同式分析方法根据不同勘察数据表征岩土体参数的空间变异性,并更新边坡的稳定可靠度。当勘察数据在边坡不同空间位置变化时,避免了重新模拟条件随机场以及执行边坡稳定性分析,同时继承了BUS解决高维随机参数反演的特性,实现了基于贝叶斯理论的空间变异边坡稳定可靠度快速更新。以单层非平稳随机场土坡为例验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明,所提方法为勘察数据变化条件下土性参数空间变异性动态表征以及边坡稳定可靠度实时更新提供重要工具。

Assessing the effect of desertification controlling projects and policies in northern Shaanxi Province, China by integrating remote sensing and farmer investigation data

To combat desertification, the Chinese govern- ment has launched a series of Desertification Controlling Projects and Policies over the past several decades. However, the effect of these projects and policies remains controversial due to a lack of suitable methods and data to assess them. In this paper, the authors selected the farming- pastoral region of the northern Shaanxi Province in China as a sample region and attempted to assess the effect of Desertification Controlling Projects and Policies launched after 2000 by combining remote sensing and farmer investigation data. The results showed that the combina- tion of these two complementary assessments can provide comprehensive information to support decision-making. According to the remote sensing and Net Primary Production data, the research region experienced an obvious desertification reversion between 2000 and 2010, and approximately 70% of this reversion can be explained by Desertification Controlling Projects and Policies. Farmer investigation data also indicated that these projects and policies were the dominating factor contributing to desertification reversion, and approxi- mately 70% of investigated farmers agreed with this conclusion. However, low supervision and subsidy levels were issues that limited the policy effect. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to enhance supervision, raise subsidy levels, and develop environmental protection regulations to encourage more farmers to participate in desertification control.

城市地质安全风险评价理念发展与启示

近年来,随着中国城镇化程度逐步提高,城市地质安全风险评价日益受到重视。全球气候变化,粗放的城镇化方式以及多重灾害的交互作用使国内外城市地质安全风险面临更加复杂的形势;相应地,对城市地质安全风险评价理念和技术也取得了重要进展。国际社会经历了从灾害治理到灾害风险治理的转变过程,并逐渐意识到系统性多重灾害风险在城市地质安全评价中的作用;进一步提出了基于生态系统的减少灾害风险的治理理念和方法,同时开发了更加全面的数字产品。本文据此提出,中国要加强城市多重灾害调查和系统性地质安全风险的研究;深刻理解基于生态系统的减少灾害风险理念,提高治理成效;积极探索多重灾害情景下的治理措施;并提高开发数字产品的能力。