Objective Gastric precancerous conditions such as atrophic gastritis(AG)and intestinal metaplasia(IM)are considered independent risk factors for gastric cancer(GC).The suitable endoscopic monitoring interval is unclea...Objective Gastric precancerous conditions such as atrophic gastritis(AG)and intestinal metaplasia(IM)are considered independent risk factors for gastric cancer(GC).The suitable endoscopic monitoring interval is unclear when we attempt to prevent GC development.This study investigated the appropriate monitoring interval for AG/IM patients.Methods Totally,957 AG/IM patients who satisfied the criteria for evaluation between 2010 and 2020 were included in the study.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for progression to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)/GC in AG/IM patients,and to determine an appropriate endoscopic monitoring scheme.Results During follow-up,28 AG/IM patients developed gastric neoplasia lesions including gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)(0.7%),HGIN(0.9%),and GC(1.3%).Multivariate analysis identified H.pylori infection(P=0.022)and extensive AG/IM lesions(P=0.002)as risk factors for HGIN/GC progression(P=0.025).Conclusion In our study,HGIN/GC was present in 2.2%of AG/IM patients.In AG/IM patients with extensive lesions,a 1–2-year surveillance interval is recommended for early detection of HIGN/GC in AG/IM patients with extensive lesions.展开更多
Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in East Asian populations and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. While previous studies have investigate...Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in East Asian populations and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. While previous studies have investigated the genetic factors involved in gastric carcinogenesis, there still exist relatively few studies that have investigated the genetic traits associated with the risk of gastric precancerous conditions. In this paper we will review the biology and genetic polymorphisms involved in the genesis of gastric precancerous conditions reported to date and discuss the future prospects of this field of study. The associations of gastric precancerous conditions with polymorphisms in the cytotoxin-associated gene A-related genes (e.g. PTPN11 G/A at intron 3, rs2301756), those in the genes involved in host immunity against Helico-bacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (e.g.TLR4 +3725G/C, rs11536889) or polymorphisms of the genes essential for the development/ differentiation of the gastric epithelial cells (e.g. RUNX3 T/A polymorphism at intron 3, rs760805) have been reported to date. Genetic epide-miological studies of the associations between H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions and other gene polymorphisms in these pathways as well as polymor-phisms of the genes involved in other pathways like oxidative DNA damage repair pathways would provide useful evidence for the individualized prevention of these H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions.展开更多
The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren...The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type,diffuse type and mixed type.The WHO classification includes papillary,tubular,mucinous,poorly cohesive and mixed GC.Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions.No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended.Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus.Presently,the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis,treatment and surveillance.Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC,and even prevent the occurrence of GC.In the review,precancerous conditions including CAG,metaplasia,foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded,based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.展开更多
Dear Editor,We read with interest the review article'Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions'by Zhou et al(1)We would like to point out the mistake that is mad...Dear Editor,We read with interest the review article'Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions'by Zhou et al(1)We would like to point out the mistake that is made in the parts of the article.展开更多
The present review article has described the prevalence of various pathological conditions of reproductive system of female buffaloes starting from ovary to vulva and vagina. Various pathological conditions were analy...The present review article has described the prevalence of various pathological conditions of reproductive system of female buffaloes starting from ovary to vulva and vagina. Various pathological conditions were analyzed and tabulated as the total number of animal examined, number of the animals showed pathological lesions, percentage of animal showed various pathological lesions and percentage of individual pathological lesion in different parts of reproductive system of female buffaloes. The incidence of disorders of female genital organs of buffaloes has been reported by various authors at various percentages in different countries. The incidence of pathological conditions was recorded in clinically infertile cows after slaughtering or from apparently healthy buffaloes slaughtered for human consumption and/or based on postmortem examination. This review is comprehensively covering pathological conditions of female buffalo hitherto which was not previously described at one place. This review will provide a comprehensive knowledge about the prevalence of different pathological condition of different parts of reproductive tract of female buffaloes. The review has six numbers of tables described about the various pathological conditions from ovary to vulva and vagina in female buffaloes. The present review article will be very useful to the buffalo farmers, buffalo breeders and researchers are working in buffalo reproduction & breeding and pathology.展开更多
Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder in 150 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens resected from the patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis were studied. Of these specimens, 80% had simple epithelial hyperpla...Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder in 150 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens resected from the patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis were studied. Of these specimens, 80% had simple epithelial hyperplasia, 16% atypical hyperplasia, 1.3% carcinoma in situ and 2.7% invasive carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasia was observed in the mucosa abjacent to carcinoma in situ which, in turn, was found in the mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinoma. This finding suggests that some of simple hyperplasia of the gallbladder evolve towards atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ which finally becomes invasive carcinoma. In addition, the authors provide a morphologic criteria for grading the atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe esophageal carcinoma is a common malignanttumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Provincein northern China.Although the etiology andnatural history of csophageal carcinoma are notclear,a substantial ...INTRODUCTIONThe esophageal carcinoma is a common malignanttumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Provincein northern China.Although the etiology andnatural history of csophageal carcinoma are notclear,a substantial amount of evidence has beenprovided to suggest that the development of humanesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is amultistage progressive process.An展开更多
IMS To observe the therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuan pills on gastric precancerous lesions.METHODS Thirty patients with gastric precancerous lesions were treated with Weixibaonizhuan pills for 3 months. Of the 3...IMS To observe the therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuan pills on gastric precancerous lesions.METHODS Thirty patients with gastric precancerous lesions were treated with Weixibaonizhuan pills for 3 months. Of the 36 cases, 13 (361%) were mild atrophic gastritis, 14 (389%) moderate atrophic gastritis and 9 (250%) severe atrophic gastritis; among them 22 (611%) and 27 cases (750%) were accompanied with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) respectively. Of the 36 patients, 20 were men and 16 women, aged from 30-60 years and those aged 30-59 years accounted for 611%. The course of disease ranged from 3 months to 21 years, and 20 (556%) of them had a course of 5-10 years. The clinical manifestations were fullness of the abdomen (31 cases), abdominalgia (27 cases), anorexia (30 cases), gas eructation (26 cases), acid regurgitation (6 cases) and loose stool (9 cases). When treatment ended, the improvement of patients′ clinical symptoms, atrophy of gastric mucosa, IM and DYS were analysed.RESULTS After 3 months′ treatment with Weixibaonizhuan pills, 7 cases recovered, 11 cases were much improved, 13 cases showed some improvement, and 5 cases were ineffective; the total rate of symptomatic improvement was 861%. Of the 13 cases with mild atrophic gastritis, 11 cases changed into superficial gastritis, and 2 cases had no changes. Of the 14 cases of moderate atrophic gastritis, 4 cases changed into superficial gastritis, 7 cases changed into mild atrophic gastritis, and 3 cases had no changes. Five of 9 cases of severe atrophic gastritis were reduced to moderate atrophic gastritis, and 4 cases had no changes. The total effective rate was 778% in chronic atrophic gastritis. Of the 9 cases with mild IM, IM disappeared in 6 cases and 3 showed no change. Of the 10 cases with moderate IM, it disappeared in 2 cases, 5 cases changed to mild IM, and 3 cases had no change. One of the 4 cases of severe IM changed to moderate IM and 3 had no change. The total effective rate was 636% in IM. Of the 16 cases of mild DYS, 11 cases showed disappearance of DYS and 5 had no change. In 9 cases of moderate DYS, 2 showed disappearance, 5 changed to mild DYS and 2 had no change. Two cases of severe DYS, both showed no change. The total effective rate was 667% in DYS. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of CEA were present in 13, 12, 9 and 2 cases, respectively, whereas after treatment, the positive expressions were present in 25, 7, 3 and 1, respectively. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of PCNA were present in 16, 11, 10 and 4 respectively, but after treatment, they were present in 21, 9, 5 and 1 respectively. In short, the positive expressions of CEA and PCNA of gastric mucosa were significantly decreased after treatment (P<001).CONCLUSION Weixibaonizhuan pill has a therapeutic effect in gastric precancerous lesions..展开更多
AIM: To observe the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene in gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and to analyze its correlation with syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: Sixty-seven patient...AIM: To observe the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene in gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and to analyze its correlation with syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with GPL confirmed by gastroscopy and pathology were studied,including 39 cases of moderate gastric mucosal dysplasia,19 cases of severe gastric mucosa dysplasia, 9 cases of incomplete colon metaplasia. In syndrome differentiation of TCM,17 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by qi stagnation, 21 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by stomach heat, 29 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by blood stasis. Protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene were detected by labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) immunohist-ochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. RESULTS: Abnormal expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene was found in GPL,which increased gradually with the course of lesions. In moderate and severe gastric mucosal dysplasia and incomplete colon metaplasia,there was no difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene (P>0.05).In different accompanying syndromes, the expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene increased gradually in the following order: deficiency of both qi and yin of the spleen and stomach accompanying qi stagnation→stomach heat→blood stasis. In GPL, compared with accompanying blood stasis, there was an obvious difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene between the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach and accompanying stomach heat, so did accompanying qi stagnation (the level of protein: X2=8.45, P<0.05;the level of mRNA: X2=7.35, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-associated bcl-2 oncogene is abnormally expressed in GPL,which correlates with different accompanying syndromes in TCM.展开更多
AIM:To further understand the molecular basis for gastric cardia carcinogenesis and to provide etiological clues. METHODS: Endoscopic mucosa biopsy and histopathological examinations were made on 37 subjects from a hi...AIM:To further understand the molecular basis for gastric cardia carcinogenesis and to provide etiological clues. METHODS: Endoscopic mucosa biopsy and histopathological examinations were made on 37 subjects from a high incidence area for both esophageal and gastric cardia carcinomas in northern China. All the biopsy samples were fixed in 850 ml. (-1)L alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Each block contained one piece of tissue and was serially section at 5 microm. Immunohistochemistry (ABC) was carried out on these gastric cardia samples to determine the alterations of p16 and Rb. RESULTS: Based on the histopathlogical examination there were 11 cases of chronic superficial gastritis, 12 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis and 14 cases of dysplasia. The immunostaining demonstrated different levels of unclear immunostaining of p16 and Rb in normal gastric cardia tissue and the tissues with different severity of lesions. With the lesions progressing, the positive immunostaining rates for p16 protein had a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the positive immunostaining rate for Rb protein had an increasing tendency. There was a significant negative relationship between the two parameters. Changes of p16 was CSG 11(100%), CAG 7(58%), DYS 4(29%) and changes of Rb was CSG 2(18%), CAG 8(67%) and DYS 12(86%), (P【0.05). CONCLUSION: The alterations of p16 and Rb protein may play a role in the early stages of gastric cardia carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To assess the possibility of non-invasive screening of atrophic chronic gastritis for preventing further development of gastric cancer.METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive Helicobacter pylori ( H py...AIM: To assess the possibility of non-invasive screening of atrophic chronic gastritis for preventing further development of gastric cancer.METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)-positive dyspeptic patients after detection of serum levels of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1) and gastrin-17 (G-17) by enzyme immunoassay were proposed for endoscopy and histology. The serologic and morphologic results were compared with estimating the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic values of the tests.RESULTS: There was statistically significant reverse dependence between the grade of stomach mucosal antral or corpus atrophy and the proper decreasing of serum G17 or PG1 levels. The serologic method was quite sensitive in the diagnosis of non-atrophic and severe antral and corpus gastritis. Also, it was characterized by the high positive and negative prognostic values.CONCLUSION: Detection of serum G-17 and PG1 levels can be offered as the screening tool for atrophic gastritis. The positive serologic results require further chromoendoscopy with mucosal biopsy, for revealing probable progressing of atrophic process with development of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia or gastric cancer.展开更多
IM To investigate the effects of garlic on micronuclei frequency (MNF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and precancerous lesion (PL) in Wistar rats induced by NmethylN′nitroNnitrosogu...IM To investigate the effects of garlic on micronuclei frequency (MNF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and precancerous lesion (PL) in Wistar rats induced by NmethylN′nitroNnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). METHODS Gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions were induced by MNNG 125mg/5ml per day for 10 months. 10% garlic 10ml per day were given to the experimental group, and running water to control group. MNF of PBL in the control CG (n=16), MNNG (n=30), prevention (n=30) and treatment groups (n=20) were detected at 10 and 16 months by the technic of micronucleus cell culture. RESULTS MNF of MNNG group at the 10th and 16th month was similar; that of MNNG, GC and PL was remarkably higher than the control group (P<001), respectively; and that of PL was lower than GC (P<001). MNF of prevention and treatment groups was decreased, with significant difference from MNNG group (P<001). MNF of the prevention group at the 16th month was lower than that at the 10th month (P<001), the difference between the prevention and treatment groups was not significant. CONCLUSION MNNG was a continuous mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and garlic has a remarkable antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect. The micronucleus frequency of PBL may be a new marker of earlystage gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
In the model rat with precancerous lesion of stomach induced by the combined method of insertion of a spring into the pylorus and high salt hot paste,effects of San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) on gastric secretion and...In the model rat with precancerous lesion of stomach induced by the combined method of insertion of a spring into the pylorus and high salt hot paste,effects of San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) on gastric secretion and protective factors of stomach were investigated.The results indicated that gastric secretion,gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and aminohexose content lowered significantly,and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P<0.01) in the model group as compared with the normal group;after treatment with San Qi Powder for 12 weeks,both gastric secresion and GMBF increased,and MDA content decreased as compared with the negative control group (P<0.01),with no significant increase of aminohexose content.It is suggested that San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) may improve gastric secretion,and that increase of GMBF and antagonism against the lesion of oxygen free radicals are possibly one of its mechanisms.展开更多
Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysi...Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysis by an automated image analysis system. Four kinds of indices and four geometric parameters were measured. They were: (1) Index of Structural Atypism (ISA); (2) Index of Glandular Formation (IGF); (3) Index of Nuclei-Gland ratio (ING); (4) Widthen of Nuclear Band (WNB); (5) Geometric parameters of cell nuclei: including Area, Perimeter, Mean Diameter, and Contour. Apart from Contour, these variables were increased with increasing degrees of atypism in the various types of gastric mucosal lesions. Hence the indices and parameters may be used as objective diagnostic criteria. An assessment model was established for discriminating various types of lesions. The coincidence rate between the model assessment and the original histopathologic diagnosis was 86.1%. Morphometric analysis may provide a means of standardizing pathologic diagnosis and grading of gastric precancerous lesions.展开更多
目的探讨声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-1)、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4(drosophila mothers against DDP homolog 4,Smad4)表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018...目的探讨声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-1)、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4(drosophila mothers against DDP homolog 4,Smad4)表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018年8月~2021年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的162例声带癌前病变患者的临床和病理资料,收集手术切除癌前病变组织(癌前病变组)及病变旁正常黏膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中TIMP-1、Smad4表达情况。分析TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率与临床病理特征的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox回归分析法分析其对术后复发和恶变的影响。结果与对照组正常黏膜组织比较,癌前病变组的TIMP-1阳性率较高,Smad4阳性率较低(P<0.05)。不同病变范围、是否累及前连合、不同程度上皮异常增生患者的TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率存在差异(P<0.05)。术后随访时间24~60个月,中位随访时间36个月,随访期间失访患者6例,随访率96.30%(156/162),随访期间术后复发35例(21.60%),术后恶变16例(9.88%);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,TIMP-1阳性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于TIMP-1阴性患者(P<0.05);Smad4阴性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于Smad4阳性患者(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,喉咽反流、病变范围>1/2、中/重度异型增生、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄>60岁、累及前连合、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是恶变的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论声带癌前病变组织中TIMP-1高表达、Smad4低表达,且TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性表达者术后复发和恶变风险较高。展开更多
文摘Objective Gastric precancerous conditions such as atrophic gastritis(AG)and intestinal metaplasia(IM)are considered independent risk factors for gastric cancer(GC).The suitable endoscopic monitoring interval is unclear when we attempt to prevent GC development.This study investigated the appropriate monitoring interval for AG/IM patients.Methods Totally,957 AG/IM patients who satisfied the criteria for evaluation between 2010 and 2020 were included in the study.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for progression to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)/GC in AG/IM patients,and to determine an appropriate endoscopic monitoring scheme.Results During follow-up,28 AG/IM patients developed gastric neoplasia lesions including gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(LGIN)(0.7%),HGIN(0.9%),and GC(1.3%).Multivariate analysis identified H.pylori infection(P=0.022)and extensive AG/IM lesions(P=0.002)as risk factors for HGIN/GC progression(P=0.025).Conclusion In our study,HGIN/GC was present in 2.2%of AG/IM patients.In AG/IM patients with extensive lesions,a 1–2-year surveillance interval is recommended for early detection of HIGN/GC in AG/IM patients with extensive lesions.
基金Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology
文摘Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract in East Asian populations and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. While previous studies have investigated the genetic factors involved in gastric carcinogenesis, there still exist relatively few studies that have investigated the genetic traits associated with the risk of gastric precancerous conditions. In this paper we will review the biology and genetic polymorphisms involved in the genesis of gastric precancerous conditions reported to date and discuss the future prospects of this field of study. The associations of gastric precancerous conditions with polymorphisms in the cytotoxin-associated gene A-related genes (e.g. PTPN11 G/A at intron 3, rs2301756), those in the genes involved in host immunity against Helico-bacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (e.g.TLR4 +3725G/C, rs11536889) or polymorphisms of the genes essential for the development/ differentiation of the gastric epithelial cells (e.g. RUNX3 T/A polymorphism at intron 3, rs760805) have been reported to date. Genetic epide-miological studies of the associations between H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions and other gene polymorphisms in these pathways as well as polymor-phisms of the genes involved in other pathways like oxidative DNA damage repair pathways would provide useful evidence for the individualized prevention of these H. pylori-induced gastric precancerous conditions.
文摘The most common histological type of gastric cancer(GC)is gastric adenocarcinoma arising from the gastric epithelium.Less common variants include mesenchymal,lymphoproliferative and neuroendocrine neoplasms.The Lauren scheme classifies GC into intestinal type,diffuse type and mixed type.The WHO classification includes papillary,tubular,mucinous,poorly cohesive and mixed GC.Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)and intestinal metaplasia are recommended as common precancerous conditions.No definite precancerous condition of diffuse/poorly/undifferentiated type is recommended.Chronic superficial inflammation and hyperplasia of foveolar cells may be the focus.Presently,the management of early GC and precancerous conditions mainly relies on endoscopy including diagnosis,treatment and surveillance.Management of precancerous conditions promotes the early detection and treatment of early GC,and even prevent the occurrence of GC.In the review,precancerous conditions including CAG,metaplasia,foveolar hyperplasia and gastric hyperplastic polyps derived from the gastric epithelium have been concluded,based on the overview of gastric epithelial histological organization and its renewal.
文摘Dear Editor,We read with interest the review article'Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions'by Zhou et al(1)We would like to point out the mistake that is made in the parts of the article.
文摘The present review article has described the prevalence of various pathological conditions of reproductive system of female buffaloes starting from ovary to vulva and vagina. Various pathological conditions were analyzed and tabulated as the total number of animal examined, number of the animals showed pathological lesions, percentage of animal showed various pathological lesions and percentage of individual pathological lesion in different parts of reproductive system of female buffaloes. The incidence of disorders of female genital organs of buffaloes has been reported by various authors at various percentages in different countries. The incidence of pathological conditions was recorded in clinically infertile cows after slaughtering or from apparently healthy buffaloes slaughtered for human consumption and/or based on postmortem examination. This review is comprehensively covering pathological conditions of female buffalo hitherto which was not previously described at one place. This review will provide a comprehensive knowledge about the prevalence of different pathological condition of different parts of reproductive tract of female buffaloes. The review has six numbers of tables described about the various pathological conditions from ovary to vulva and vagina in female buffaloes. The present review article will be very useful to the buffalo farmers, buffalo breeders and researchers are working in buffalo reproduction & breeding and pathology.
文摘Precancerous lesions of the gallbladder in 150 consecutive cholecystectomy specimens resected from the patients with cholelithiasis or cholecystitis were studied. Of these specimens, 80% had simple epithelial hyperplasia, 16% atypical hyperplasia, 1.3% carcinoma in situ and 2.7% invasive carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasia was observed in the mucosa abjacent to carcinoma in situ which, in turn, was found in the mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinoma. This finding suggests that some of simple hyperplasia of the gallbladder evolve towards atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ which finally becomes invasive carcinoma. In addition, the authors provide a morphologic criteria for grading the atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39840012
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe esophageal carcinoma is a common malignanttumor in Linzhou City (Linxian) of Henan Provincein northern China.Although the etiology andnatural history of csophageal carcinoma are notclear,a substantial amount of evidence has beenprovided to suggest that the development of humanesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is amultistage progressive process.An
文摘IMS To observe the therapeutic effect of Weixibaonizhuan pills on gastric precancerous lesions.METHODS Thirty patients with gastric precancerous lesions were treated with Weixibaonizhuan pills for 3 months. Of the 36 cases, 13 (361%) were mild atrophic gastritis, 14 (389%) moderate atrophic gastritis and 9 (250%) severe atrophic gastritis; among them 22 (611%) and 27 cases (750%) were accompanied with intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) respectively. Of the 36 patients, 20 were men and 16 women, aged from 30-60 years and those aged 30-59 years accounted for 611%. The course of disease ranged from 3 months to 21 years, and 20 (556%) of them had a course of 5-10 years. The clinical manifestations were fullness of the abdomen (31 cases), abdominalgia (27 cases), anorexia (30 cases), gas eructation (26 cases), acid regurgitation (6 cases) and loose stool (9 cases). When treatment ended, the improvement of patients′ clinical symptoms, atrophy of gastric mucosa, IM and DYS were analysed.RESULTS After 3 months′ treatment with Weixibaonizhuan pills, 7 cases recovered, 11 cases were much improved, 13 cases showed some improvement, and 5 cases were ineffective; the total rate of symptomatic improvement was 861%. Of the 13 cases with mild atrophic gastritis, 11 cases changed into superficial gastritis, and 2 cases had no changes. Of the 14 cases of moderate atrophic gastritis, 4 cases changed into superficial gastritis, 7 cases changed into mild atrophic gastritis, and 3 cases had no changes. Five of 9 cases of severe atrophic gastritis were reduced to moderate atrophic gastritis, and 4 cases had no changes. The total effective rate was 778% in chronic atrophic gastritis. Of the 9 cases with mild IM, IM disappeared in 6 cases and 3 showed no change. Of the 10 cases with moderate IM, it disappeared in 2 cases, 5 cases changed to mild IM, and 3 cases had no change. One of the 4 cases of severe IM changed to moderate IM and 3 had no change. The total effective rate was 636% in IM. Of the 16 cases of mild DYS, 11 cases showed disappearance of DYS and 5 had no change. In 9 cases of moderate DYS, 2 showed disappearance, 5 changed to mild DYS and 2 had no change. Two cases of severe DYS, both showed no change. The total effective rate was 667% in DYS. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of CEA were present in 13, 12, 9 and 2 cases, respectively, whereas after treatment, the positive expressions were present in 25, 7, 3 and 1, respectively. Before treatment, the Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ degree positive expressions of PCNA were present in 16, 11, 10 and 4 respectively, but after treatment, they were present in 21, 9, 5 and 1 respectively. In short, the positive expressions of CEA and PCNA of gastric mucosa were significantly decreased after treatment (P<001).CONCLUSION Weixibaonizhuan pill has a therapeutic effect in gastric precancerous lesions..
基金Supported by the Major Programs of Guangzhou University of TCM and the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China during the 8th Five-Year Plan Period, No. GH0016 and 85-919-01-01
文摘AIM: To observe the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene in gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) and to analyze its correlation with syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with GPL confirmed by gastroscopy and pathology were studied,including 39 cases of moderate gastric mucosal dysplasia,19 cases of severe gastric mucosa dysplasia, 9 cases of incomplete colon metaplasia. In syndrome differentiation of TCM,17 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by qi stagnation, 21 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by stomach heat, 29 cases belonged to the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach complicated by blood stasis. Protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 oncogene were detected by labeled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) immunohist-ochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. RESULTS: Abnormal expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene was found in GPL,which increased gradually with the course of lesions. In moderate and severe gastric mucosal dysplasia and incomplete colon metaplasia,there was no difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene (P>0.05).In different accompanying syndromes, the expression of protein and mRNA on bcl-2 oncogene increased gradually in the following order: deficiency of both qi and yin of the spleen and stomach accompanying qi stagnation→stomach heat→blood stasis. In GPL, compared with accompanying blood stasis, there was an obvious difference in the expression of bcl-2 oncogene between the syndrome of qi and yin deficiency of the spleen and stomach and accompanying stomach heat, so did accompanying qi stagnation (the level of protein: X2=8.45, P<0.05;the level of mRNA: X2=7.35, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-associated bcl-2 oncogene is abnormally expressed in GPL,which correlates with different accompanying syndromes in TCM.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No,39770296
文摘AIM:To further understand the molecular basis for gastric cardia carcinogenesis and to provide etiological clues. METHODS: Endoscopic mucosa biopsy and histopathological examinations were made on 37 subjects from a high incidence area for both esophageal and gastric cardia carcinomas in northern China. All the biopsy samples were fixed in 850 ml. (-1)L alcohol and embedded in paraffin. Each block contained one piece of tissue and was serially section at 5 microm. Immunohistochemistry (ABC) was carried out on these gastric cardia samples to determine the alterations of p16 and Rb. RESULTS: Based on the histopathlogical examination there were 11 cases of chronic superficial gastritis, 12 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis and 14 cases of dysplasia. The immunostaining demonstrated different levels of unclear immunostaining of p16 and Rb in normal gastric cardia tissue and the tissues with different severity of lesions. With the lesions progressing, the positive immunostaining rates for p16 protein had a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the positive immunostaining rate for Rb protein had an increasing tendency. There was a significant negative relationship between the two parameters. Changes of p16 was CSG 11(100%), CAG 7(58%), DYS 4(29%) and changes of Rb was CSG 2(18%), CAG 8(67%) and DYS 12(86%), (P【0.05). CONCLUSION: The alterations of p16 and Rb protein may play a role in the early stages of gastric cardia carcinogenesis.
文摘AIM: To assess the possibility of non-invasive screening of atrophic chronic gastritis for preventing further development of gastric cancer.METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori)-positive dyspeptic patients after detection of serum levels of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1) and gastrin-17 (G-17) by enzyme immunoassay were proposed for endoscopy and histology. The serologic and morphologic results were compared with estimating the sensitivity, specificity and prognostic values of the tests.RESULTS: There was statistically significant reverse dependence between the grade of stomach mucosal antral or corpus atrophy and the proper decreasing of serum G17 or PG1 levels. The serologic method was quite sensitive in the diagnosis of non-atrophic and severe antral and corpus gastritis. Also, it was characterized by the high positive and negative prognostic values.CONCLUSION: Detection of serum G-17 and PG1 levels can be offered as the screening tool for atrophic gastritis. The positive serologic results require further chromoendoscopy with mucosal biopsy, for revealing probable progressing of atrophic process with development of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia or gastric cancer.
文摘IM To investigate the effects of garlic on micronuclei frequency (MNF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and precancerous lesion (PL) in Wistar rats induced by NmethylN′nitroNnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). METHODS Gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions were induced by MNNG 125mg/5ml per day for 10 months. 10% garlic 10ml per day were given to the experimental group, and running water to control group. MNF of PBL in the control CG (n=16), MNNG (n=30), prevention (n=30) and treatment groups (n=20) were detected at 10 and 16 months by the technic of micronucleus cell culture. RESULTS MNF of MNNG group at the 10th and 16th month was similar; that of MNNG, GC and PL was remarkably higher than the control group (P<001), respectively; and that of PL was lower than GC (P<001). MNF of prevention and treatment groups was decreased, with significant difference from MNNG group (P<001). MNF of the prevention group at the 16th month was lower than that at the 10th month (P<001), the difference between the prevention and treatment groups was not significant. CONCLUSION MNNG was a continuous mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and garlic has a remarkable antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect. The micronucleus frequency of PBL may be a new marker of earlystage gastric carcinogenesis.
文摘In the model rat with precancerous lesion of stomach induced by the combined method of insertion of a spring into the pylorus and high salt hot paste,effects of San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) on gastric secretion and protective factors of stomach were investigated.The results indicated that gastric secretion,gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and aminohexose content lowered significantly,and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P<0.01) in the model group as compared with the normal group;after treatment with San Qi Powder for 12 weeks,both gastric secresion and GMBF increased,and MDA content decreased as compared with the negative control group (P<0.01),with no significant increase of aminohexose content.It is suggested that San Qi (三七 Radix Notoginseng) may improve gastric secretion,and that increase of GMBF and antagonism against the lesion of oxygen free radicals are possibly one of its mechanisms.
文摘Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysis by an automated image analysis system. Four kinds of indices and four geometric parameters were measured. They were: (1) Index of Structural Atypism (ISA); (2) Index of Glandular Formation (IGF); (3) Index of Nuclei-Gland ratio (ING); (4) Widthen of Nuclear Band (WNB); (5) Geometric parameters of cell nuclei: including Area, Perimeter, Mean Diameter, and Contour. Apart from Contour, these variables were increased with increasing degrees of atypism in the various types of gastric mucosal lesions. Hence the indices and parameters may be used as objective diagnostic criteria. An assessment model was established for discriminating various types of lesions. The coincidence rate between the model assessment and the original histopathologic diagnosis was 86.1%. Morphometric analysis may provide a means of standardizing pathologic diagnosis and grading of gastric precancerous lesions.
文摘目的探讨声带癌前病变组织中基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-1)、果蝇母亲DDP同源物4(drosophila mothers against DDP homolog 4,Smad4)表达水平与术后复发和恶变的相关性。方法回顾性分析2018年8月~2021年8月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的162例声带癌前病变患者的临床和病理资料,收集手术切除癌前病变组织(癌前病变组)及病变旁正常黏膜组织(对照组),采用免疫组织化学法检测组织中TIMP-1、Smad4表达情况。分析TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率与临床病理特征的关系,并采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox回归分析法分析其对术后复发和恶变的影响。结果与对照组正常黏膜组织比较,癌前病变组的TIMP-1阳性率较高,Smad4阳性率较低(P<0.05)。不同病变范围、是否累及前连合、不同程度上皮异常增生患者的TIMP-1、Smad4阳性率存在差异(P<0.05)。术后随访时间24~60个月,中位随访时间36个月,随访期间失访患者6例,随访率96.30%(156/162),随访期间术后复发35例(21.60%),术后恶变16例(9.88%);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,TIMP-1阳性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于TIMP-1阴性患者(P<0.05);Smad4阴性患者术后复发率和恶变率高于Smad4阳性患者(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,喉咽反流、病变范围>1/2、中/重度异型增生、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05),年龄>60岁、累及前连合、TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性是恶变的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论声带癌前病变组织中TIMP-1高表达、Smad4低表达,且TIMP-1阳性、Smad4阴性表达者术后复发和恶变风险较高。