Seismic behavior of precast segmental column bridges under near-fault forward-directivity ground motions

Precast segmental column bridges exhibit various construction advantages in comparison to traditional monolithic column bridges.However,the lack of cognitions on seismic behaviors has seriously restricted their applications and developments.In this paper,comprehensive investigations are conducted to analyze the dynamic characteristics of precast segmental column bridges under near-fault,forward-directivity ground motions.First,the finite-element models of two comparable bridges with precast segmental columns and monolithic columns are constructed by using OpenSees software,and the nonlinearities of the bridges are considered.Next,three different earthquake loadings are meticulously set up to handle engineering problems,namely recorded near-and far-field ground motions,parameterized pulses,and pulse and residual components extracted from real records.Finally,based on the models and earthquake sets,extensive explorations are carried out.The results show that near-fault forward-directivity ground motions are more threatening than far-field ones;precast segmental column bridges may suffer more pounding impacts than monolithic bridges;the“narrow band”effect caused by near-fault,forward-directivity ground motions may occur in bridges with shorter periods than pulse periods;and pulse and residual components play different roles in seismic responses.

Seismic performance of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct through biaxial quasi-static experiment and modeling

In this paper,the seismic behaviors of precast bridge columns connected with grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD)were investigated through the biaxial quasi-static experiment and numerical simulation.With a geometric scale ratio of 1:5,five specimens were fabricated,including four precast bridge columns connected with GCMD and one cast-in-place(CIP)bridge column.A finite element analysis model was also established by using OpenSees and was then calibrated by using the experimental results for parameter analysis.The results show the biaxial seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD was similar to the CIP bridge columns regarding ultimate bearing capacity and hysteresis energy,and further,that it could meet the design goal of equivalent performance.The seismic performance of the precast bridge columns connected with GCMD deteriorated more significantly under bi-directional load than under uni-directional load.A proper slenderness ratio(e.g.,7.0-10.0)and longitudinal reinforcement ratio could significantly improve the energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity of the precast bridge columns,while the axial load ratio and concrete strength had little influence on the above properties.The research results could bring insights to the development of the seismic design of precast bridge columns connected with GCMD.

Simplified full-depth precast concrete deck panel systems for accelerated bridge construction

A simplified full-depth precast concrete deck panel system for accelerating bridge construction （ABC） is introduced and a finite dement analysis （FEA） is con- ducted to investigate the static and dynamic responses of this conceptual deck system. The FEA results are compared to those of the traditional full-depth precast concrete deck panel system. The comparison results show that the mechanical behavior of the new deck system is different from that of the traditional deck system. The concrete decks in the new system act as two-way slabs, instead of the one-way slab in the traditional system. Meanwhile, the connections in both the longitudinal and transverse direc- tions may need to accommodate the negative moments. Compared to those in the traditional system, the longitu- dinal nominal stress at middle span increases a lot in the new deck system and the effective flange width varies significantly. In addition, the dynamic results show that the impact factor is influenced by the spacing of connections. Finally, some design concerns of the new deck system are proposed.

Discussion on Construction and Erection Technology of Bridge Precast Box Girder

At present,the precast construction technology has been widely used,especially in the process of bridge construction,where the precast box girder construction and erection technology has attracted more attention compared to other available methods.In order to effectively improve the application effect of this technology,and the overall quality of the bridge,this paper discusses the advantage and disadvantage of implementing the precast box girder construction and erection technology in the bridge construction.

Dynamic response of precast segmental bridge columns under heavy truck impact

Considering the wide application of precast segmental bridge columns(PSBCs)in engineering practice,impact-resistant performance has gained significant attention.However,few studies have focused on PSBCs subjected to high-energy impacts caused by heavy truck collisions.Therefore,the behavior of PSBCs under a heavy truck impact was investigated in this study using high-fidelity finite element(FE)models.The detailed FE modeling methods of the PSBCs and heavy trucks were validated against experimental tests.The validated modeling methods were employed to simulate collisions between PSBCs and heavy trucks.The simulation results demonstrated that the engine and cargo caused two major peak impact forces during collision.Subsequently,the impact force,failure mode,displacement,and internal force of the PSBCs under heavy truck impacts were scrutinized.An extensive study was performed to assess the influence of the section size,truck weight,impact velocity,and number of precast segments on the impact responses.The truck weight was found to have a minor effect on the engine impact force.Damage was found to be localized at the bottom of the three segments,with the top remaining primarily undamaged.This parametric study demonstrated that larger cross-sections may be a preferred option to protect PSBCs against the impact of heavy trucks.

A Dicyanamido-bridged Zinc(Ⅱ) Complex Based on the Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane with a Three-dimensional Framework

A novel dicyanamido-bridged 3D polymeric complex {[Zn2（bpa）2（dca）]dca}n （1） （dca = dicyanamide anion,bpa = 1,2-bis（4-pyridyl）ethane） has been synthesized by reacting 1,2-bis（4-pyridyl）ethane with zinc salt in the presence of sodium dicyanamide,and characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a = 18.587（3）,b = 20.070（3）,c = 8.7957（13） ,β = 100.611（2）o,V = 3225.0（8） 3,Mr = 539.92,μ = 0.789 mm-1,F（000） = 1116,Z = 4,ρ = 1.112 （g/cm3）,R = 0.0582 and wR = 0.1762. Complex 1 forms a 3D porous framework through the bpa and dca ligands,and gives 1-D coordination channels encapsulated by the guest dca molecules. Complex 1 also displays strong photo-luminescent properties in the solid state at room temperature.

Factors affecting the seismic behavior of segmental precast bridge columns

This manuscript discusses the design parameters that potentially affect the lateral seismic response of segmental precast post-tensioned bridge piers. The piers consist ofprecast circular cross section segments stacked one on top of the other with concentric tendons passing through ducts made in the segments during casting. The bottommost segments of the piers were encased in steel tubes to enhance ductility and minimize damage. An FE model was used to investigate different design parameters and how they influence the lateral force - displacement response of the piers. Design parameters investigated included the initial post-tensioning stress as a percentage of the tendon yield stress, the applied axial stresses on concrete due to post-tensioning, pier aspect ratios, construction details, steel tube thicknesses, and internal mild steel rebar added as energy dissipaters. Based on the data presented, an initial tendon stress in the range of 40%-60% of its yield stress and initial axial stress on concrete of approximately 20% of the concrete＇s characteristic strength is appropriate for most typical designs. These design values will prevent tendon yielding until lateral drift angle reaches approximately 4.5%. Changing the steel tube thickness, height, or a combination of both proved to be an effective parameter that may be used to reach a target performance level at a specific seismic zone.

Seismic performance of precast hollow bridge piers with different construction details

Currently the design scheme ofprecast hollow concrete bridge piers will be adopted in bridge design in China, but there is no code including specific design details of precast segmental piers in high seismic risk area. For comparative study of seismic performance of the hollow bridge piers which had different design details, six specimens of hollow section bridge pier were designed and tested. The specimens consist of the monolithic cast-in-place concrete bridge pier, precast segmental prestressed pier with cast-in-place joint and precast segmental concrete bridge pier with dry joints. Results show that all specimens have good displacement capacity. The bridge pier with bonded prestressed strands exhibits better energy dissipation capacity and higher strength. The un-bonded prestressed strand bridge pier displays less residual plastic displacement and energy dissipation capacity. The bridge pier with both bonded prestressed strands at the edge of the section and un-bonded in the center of the section not only exhibits more ductility capacity and less residual plastic displacement, but also shows better energy dissipation capacity. Compared with experimental results of prestressed bridge columns, analytical result demonstrates the developed numerical analysis model would provide the reasonable and accurate results.

General framework for bridge life cycle design

Based on a detailed illustration for bridge life cycle design which comprises the processes of service life design,aesthetics design,performance design,environmental and ecological design,inspection,maintenance and repair design as well as cost analysis,this paper presented a general framework for bridge life cycle design comprising three design phases and six design processes.

装配式桥梁板玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋湿接缝受力与变形分析

为解决装配式桥梁板体系湿接缝处力学性能不稳定、易变形的问题,提出采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案优化湿接缝性能,以雄安新区荣乌高速荣乌主线桥为背景进行研究。选取主线桥2个试验段(试验段A湿接缝采用普通混凝土-U形钢筋方案,钢筋点焊;试验段B湿接缝采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案,钢筋满焊)进行梁板体系湿接缝性能试验,监测湿接缝处搭接钢筋力学响应及混凝土接触面变形特征,同时对长期运载及强降雨影响下的钢筋受力与混凝土变形进行监测。结果表明:长期运载下,试验段B横筋受力约为试验段A的一半,其中部纵筋承受外力远大于试验段A,边缘纵筋承受外力较少,试验段B稳定性更优;试验段B较试验段A在湿接缝部位变形量小,其稳定性及耐久性更优;强降雨阶段,试验段B较试验段A变形及力学响应波动程度更低,其抗渗能力、耐久性更优。由此可知基于玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案的湿接缝构造在外力传导、抵抗变形方面具有较强稳定性,不易受恶劣环境影响。

基于新的改进Bouc-Wen模型的预制RC桥墩滞回模型研究

Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori(BWBN)模型是改进的Bouc-Wen模型。BWBN模型可以较好地描述钢筋混凝土结构在强震作用下的捏缩效应,但由于BWBN模型中“捏缩效应”函数复杂且参数较多,其计算效率较低。针对该问题,该文基于近似狄拉克δ函数构建更简单、高效的“捏缩效应”函数,进而提出了新的改进Bouc-Wen(MBW)模型,它可以用更少的参数来实现捏缩效应。基于预制RC桥墩的拟静力试验数据来验证MBW模型的有效性,利用MATLAB遗传算法工具箱对BWBN模型和MBW模型进行参数识别,结果表明,该文提出的MBW模型具有更高的计算精度。

结合数字孪生的斜拉桥系统更新和响应预测

由于传统建模方法难以反馈桥梁系统参数和响应的细微变化,为此提出了以数字孪生体作为结构系统的高保真映射模型。首先,定义数字孪生体包含物理孪生层、数字孪生层和信息交互媒介3部分,数字孪生层的孪生模型是对斜拉桥物理实体的虚拟映射,通过信息交互媒介实现不同层间信息的实时传递;其次,针对具体应用提出了结构信息化、信息数据化和数据模型化3条建模准则,实现对斜拉桥物理实体的信息勾勒和可视化过程,建立高保真的斜拉桥数字孪生模型;最后,以一座实桥端锚索的监测数据为感知信息,将变化的索参数实时反馈给孪生模型,实现模型更新和响应预测。研究结果表明,所提出的数字孪生建模方法能及时反馈实桥的参数变化,并预测由此造成的索力、塔顶偏位及主梁跨中挠度的细微改变。

底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为提高预应力连接预制节段拼装桥墩的抗震性能及施工便捷性,设计了一种底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩并进行了抗震试验研究。提出了该新型预制节段拼装桥墩填芯高度设计方法,设计了底部填芯预制节段拼装桥墩缩尺模型并开展了拟静力试验测试。基于试验结果分析了该新型桥墩在水平循环往复作用下的裂缝发展过程、失效模式、滞回性能、延性性能、耗能能力及桥墩接缝的开口大小等抗震性能。研究结果表明:所发展的底部填芯多节段预制拼装空心桥墩的失效模式为底部节段混凝土局部压溃,但范围较小,所提填芯高度的设计方法可行,可以使桥墩实现预期失效模式。该新型桥墩具有较小的残余位移、优异的耗能能力与延性性能,这表明此桥墩具有优异的抗震性能。

既有节段预制混凝土桥梁状态评估方法研究

基于国内外学者关于既有桥梁状态评估方法的研究,建立既有节段预制桥梁结构损伤状态评估指标体系.提出基于层次分析法的既有节段预制桥梁状态评估方法,并在该方法的基础上,引入权重赋分法考虑各影响因素的重要程度对既有节段梁各结构进行权重赋分,给出了相应的桥梁状态评估公式,制定了节段预制桥梁状态评估标准.最后,结合一个既有节段预制桥梁损伤状态评估实例来演示本文所提出方法进行节段梁状态评估的实现过程.

日本UFC桥面板和UFC组合桥面板的研发与应用

日本较早期建设的城市高速公路桥梁中主要采用钢桥面板和混凝土桥面板。针对钢桥面板的焊缝疲劳开裂和混凝土桥面板的老化现象,研发了超高强度纤维增强混凝土桥面板(UFC桥面板)及UFC组合桥面板,具有高强度、高耐久性。UFC桥面板分为平板型和方格肋型2种类型,可应用于既有公路桥梁的桥面板更换以及新建公路桥梁的桥面板。UFC组合桥面板为在预制PC桥面板顶面设UFC层作为防水层,可省去预制PC桥面板防水层施工,提高施工效率。UFC桥面板和UFC组合桥面板在预制场预制、现场安装,施工便捷,已实际应用在阪神高速公路15号堺线玉出匝道桥桥面板更换工程、阪神高速公路1号环线信浓桥匝道桥新建桥梁工程、东北高速公路宫城白石川桥上行线既有桥面板更换等工程上,可提高桥梁结构的耐久性、减少桥梁养护工作量、降低养护成本。

偏心作用下预制拼装桥墩-盖梁体系抗震性能研究

目的 研究不同盖梁节段和盖梁-桥墩连接方式对预制拼装双柱墩偏心作用下的抗震性能的影响。方法 采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立7组预制拼装双柱墩,对其进行偏心作用下拟静力模拟研究,改变桥墩的盖梁节段连接和盖梁-桥墩连接方式,对比分析拼装桥墩和现浇桥墩的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、破坏形态、耗能性能和延性,研究不同盖梁节段连接和盖梁-桥墩连接方式的桥墩抗震性能。结果 盖梁节段键齿连接桥墩,采用灌浆套筒和预应力连接的承载能力与现浇桥墩相比均有小幅度提高,提高幅度在10%以内,抗震性能参数几乎一致。结论 盖梁斜键齿连接,盖梁-桥墩灌浆套筒和盖梁-桥墩预应力连接的预制拼装桥墩与现浇桥墩性能基本一致,同样具有良好抗震性能和整体性,满足抗震要求。

体外预应力节段式UHPC无腹筋梁抗剪性能试验研究

体外预应力节段式超高性能混凝土(UHPC)无腹筋桥梁由于其施工工业化水平高且构造简单,得到广泛地关注,但其抗剪性能研究尚不成熟,相关规范也相对滞后。为了研究体外预应力节段式UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪性能,开展了静力破坏试验,共制作了5根体外预应力节段式UHPC无腹筋梁、2根体外预应力节段式UHPC有腹筋梁和1根体外预应力整体式UHPC无腹筋梁,选取了剪跨比、钢纤维掺量、箍筋间距为研究参数进行试验。结果表明:接缝张开后梁刚度明显下降;添加钢纤维的试验梁的裂缝多而密;钢纤维的掺入可以提高梁的开裂强度、极限强度和裂后性能,2%钢纤维掺量的梁开裂强度比1.5%和0%掺量的增大8.20%和1.16倍;配箍筋的梁在钢纤维失效后箍筋开始受力,并且很快达到屈服,箍筋的存在可以提高梁极限承载力,无腹筋梁的极限承载力比箍筋间距为150 mm和75 mm的梁低15.9%和19.6%。采用AASHTO GSCB INTERIM-2003标准中计算干接缝节段式梁的折减系数0.85。在不考虑安全系数的情况下,法国规范NF P 18-710中UHPC梁抗剪承载力计算公式可以准确地预测含钢纤维体外预应力节段式UHPC无腹筋梁的抗剪强度,其试验值和预测值比值的平均值为1.04,标准差为0.28。

带UHPC接缝的桥面板力学性能试验研究

为掌握带UHPC接缝的桥面板受弯状态下的力学特点,进一步探究UHPC接缝的合理宽度及在接缝宽度相同情况下,不同接缝截面形式、钢筋搭接形式对带UHPC接缝的桥面板抗弯性能影响,设计制作了一块现浇整体板和3块不同湿接缝构造的UHPC预制桥面板,并分别进行四点弯曲试验评估接缝处抗弯性能,对荷载-跨中位移曲线、荷载-主裂缝宽度曲线、混凝土荷载-拉应变曲线、混凝土荷载-压应变曲线、荷载-受拉钢筋应变曲线、极限抗弯承载能力、裂缝发展状况展开相关研究。结果表明:由于UHPC优异的力学性能,4组试验板的荷载-跨中挠度曲线基本相近,带UHPC接缝的桥面板极限承载力优于整体板;接缝宽度、钢筋连接方式相同的情况下,漏斗形或楔形接缝截面形式不会影响预制桥面板的极限承载力,彼此刚度差异不大;在保证桥面板整体性和承载力的前提下,预制桥面板UHPC湿接缝可减小为15 cm宽;UHPC接缝连接的整体性良好,不会影响现浇接缝区段及连接界面的抗拉性能,带UHPC接缝的预制拼装桥面板的初始裂缝和主裂缝均位于普通混凝土区域,UHPC的高弹性模量使得接缝区域局部刚度提高,相较于接缝周围混凝土区域,接缝处的受压区混凝土压应变与受拉区钢筋的拉应变都较小,接缝区域未出现裂缝,UHPC湿接缝与混凝土预制板界面处的裂缝扩展速度缓慢。

带波形钢板的UHPC免模板湿接缝抗弯模型试验研究

针对预制装配式桥梁中桥面板湿接缝处的受力特点和现有接缝构造形式,提出一种以预埋波形钢板为底模的超高性能混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Concrete,UHPC)免模板湿接缝构造形式,解决接缝现场支模问题。为研究新型接缝的力学性能,设计了5片试验梁,以钢纤维含量为试验参数,开展四点弯曲全过程抗弯性能试验。结果表明:各试验梁主裂缝均位于预制段,发生弯曲破坏,接缝段未产生较大破坏;提高钢纤维含量可以增强UHPC-NC(Normal Concrete)界面黏结,提升接缝的抗裂性能,但对结构的抗弯承载力影响较小;钢纤维含量为1.0%的免模板接缝梁抗裂性能仅次于UHPC整体梁,同时具有结构简单、施工简化、造价经济等优点,说明该接缝构造形式运用于实际工程中是可行和可靠的;UHPC钢纤维含量建议取1.0%。

组合梁桥负弯矩区后张预制板抗裂技术研究

对于跨径小于50 m的桥梁,使用强配筋能很好地满足抗裂性能要求,但对于更大跨径的组合梁桥负弯矩抗裂,单独采用强配筋的方式已不能很好地满足桥梁抗裂需求。为了提高50~80 m连续组合梁桥负弯矩区桥面板抗裂性能,实现负弯矩区桥面板装配建造,提出一种适用不同抗裂能力的模数式预应力预制板。首先,设计了适合负弯矩区快速施工的3类预制板,其中A类板为中间位置普通预制板,B类板为带齿块的锚固板,C类板为端部锚固板,根据实际受力情况采用这3类预制板数量及长度组合以满足抗裂需要。其次,结合设计规范与数值模拟,验算使用这种抗裂技术时桥梁结构的内力、应力、挠度以及抗裂性能,验证其可行性。最后,进一步扩展到中跨径50~80 m、1.5~1.7边中跨比的组合梁桥,分别采用MIDAS进行结构抗裂验算与适用性分析。结果表明:采用后张预应力预制板抗裂技术可实现预制板翼缘应力在长短期组合下不出现拉应力,满足规范A类构件抗裂要求;养护龄期6个月的预制块在降低徐变作用方面效果明显,降幅均在48%左右,可满足50~80 m主跨跨径组合梁桥桥面板抗裂与钢箱梁强度控制规范要求;采用负弯矩预制板后,相较于规范计算结果,负弯矩长度范围略降低,仍可采用规范中偏安全的计算。