In the seeding operations in order to mitigate the climatic changes or to intervene beneficently on the precipitations process, it is very important to know the roll of the critical radius size of the cloud drops form...In the seeding operations in order to mitigate the climatic changes or to intervene beneficently on the precipitations process, it is very important to know the roll of the critical radius size of the cloud drops formation and its posterior evolution. In the seeding operations programs, the fundament is to determinate the critical radius in order to obtain efficient results. So, it must consider （a） the critical radius size necessary in order to get the better results; （b） the atmospheric conditions that determine it. In order to get a methodology to calculate the critical radius in each atmospheric condition, the present work has been developed. And with them, it can estimate the nuclei size necessary in order to assure good seeding. The authors had obtained approximate values that were good enough to the goals.展开更多
The paper discusses the influence of ions on the formation of clouds, precipitation and thunderstorm electricity. Thermal ionization method is based on two core concepts： electrical micro- and macro-instability of cl...The paper discusses the influence of ions on the formation of clouds, precipitation and thunderstorm electricity. Thermal ionization method is based on two core concepts： electrical micro- and macro-instability of clouds. Cloud droplets increase in sizes in the ascending air under the influence of electric micro-instability. Macro-instability is responsible for the formation of space charges in convective clouds. Artificial rainfall and discharge of space charges of clouds may be caused by means of the electrical modification techniques. The key role in these processes belongs to thermionic production of artificial light and heavy ions, which are formed as the result of applying a pyrotechnic composition of potassium-magnesium compounds. Negative ions are hydrated and adsorbed by cloud droplets leading to their growth and further rainfall. An artificial ionized channel allows to change cloud conductivity, which prevents clouds from accumulating thunderstorm electricity. Electrical methods of cloud modification can be used for the artificial induction of precipitation, prevention of natural hazards, thunderstorms, tornadoes and heavy rains.展开更多
文摘In the seeding operations in order to mitigate the climatic changes or to intervene beneficently on the precipitations process, it is very important to know the roll of the critical radius size of the cloud drops formation and its posterior evolution. In the seeding operations programs, the fundament is to determinate the critical radius in order to obtain efficient results. So, it must consider （a） the critical radius size necessary in order to get the better results; （b） the atmospheric conditions that determine it. In order to get a methodology to calculate the critical radius in each atmospheric condition, the present work has been developed. And with them, it can estimate the nuclei size necessary in order to assure good seeding. The authors had obtained approximate values that were good enough to the goals.
文摘The paper discusses the influence of ions on the formation of clouds, precipitation and thunderstorm electricity. Thermal ionization method is based on two core concepts： electrical micro- and macro-instability of clouds. Cloud droplets increase in sizes in the ascending air under the influence of electric micro-instability. Macro-instability is responsible for the formation of space charges in convective clouds. Artificial rainfall and discharge of space charges of clouds may be caused by means of the electrical modification techniques. The key role in these processes belongs to thermionic production of artificial light and heavy ions, which are formed as the result of applying a pyrotechnic composition of potassium-magnesium compounds. Negative ions are hydrated and adsorbed by cloud droplets leading to their growth and further rainfall. An artificial ionized channel allows to change cloud conductivity, which prevents clouds from accumulating thunderstorm electricity. Electrical methods of cloud modification can be used for the artificial induction of precipitation, prevention of natural hazards, thunderstorms, tornadoes and heavy rains.
