Analysis of Heavy Precipitation Process in North China from August 23 to 24, 2020

In order to better understand the formation mechanism of rainstorm in China and promote disaster prevention and reduction, based on the meteorological data of National Meteorological Information Center and Japan Meteorological Agency, this paper draws the isobaric surface map of 850 hPa and 500 hPa, relative humidity and precipitation distribution map. In this study, synoptic methods were used to analyze the heavy precipitation process in North China from August 23th to 24th, 2020. The results show that 1) The formation of short-term heavy precipitation requires sufficient water vapor and very strong upward movement;2) the heavy precipitation in August 23th to 24th 2020 in North China was influenced by the upper-level trough line, cold vortex and cold front, which made the warm and cold air strongly converge over North China, resulting in strong convective weather;3) the heavy rainfall over North China was also influenced by Typhoon Bawei, which caused maximum precipitation and air humidity.

MODELING OF STRAIN-INDUCED PRECIPITATION KINETICS IN Nb MICROALLOYED STEELS

On the basis of the thermodynamic calculation of precipitation and considering the effect of strain on the precipitation behavior and chemical composition （Si and Mn）, the kinetics of precipitation from austenite has been investigated for different temperatures and strains. Nucleation theory and the solubility product of niobium, carbon, and nitrogen in austenite have been used to derive equations for the start time of precipitation as a function of temperature and composition. The value of n in Avrami equation was determined using the available experimental data from the published reports, which indicated that n is a constant independent of temperature and the end time of precipitation is a function of n and the start time of precipitation. The values of the start time and end time of precipitation predicted by the new model are compared with the experimental values and a good agreement was obtained between both.

Decisive Factors of Conidia Release of Botryosphaeria berengeriana during Growing Season

[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore the release conditions for the conidia of Botryosphaena berengeriana and understand the release dynamic of conidia. [Method] The systematical survey on the release conditions for the conidia of B. berengeriana were conducted in two growing seasons in 2008 and 2009, combined with the collection of meteorological data around conidia release period, the weather conditions causing large amount release of B. berengedana were analyzed. [ Result] During a growing season, the conidia of pathogen appeared several large release peaks. Under the suitable temperature, when the precipitation lasted for 4 h, the conidia of B. berengeriana began to release with large amount, the amount of conidia reached the peak after release and trended to be stable during 4 - 12 h, which significantly reduced after 24 h, tended to dis- appear after 36 h, and completely disappeared after 72 h. [Conclusion] The dominant factor affecting B. berengeriana conidia release in large a- mount was precipitation, while the lasting time of precipitation played a decisive role.

Precipitation behavior of titanium nitride on a primary inclusion particle during solidification of bearing steel

Titanium nitride precipitation on a primary inclusion particle during solidification of bearing steel has been tracked by varying temperature in a confocal scanning violet laser microscope.Upon precipitation,an obvious growth of titanium nitride on a primary inclusion particle was observed due to the rapid solute diffusion in liquid steel.The onset of titanium nitride precipitation did not change with primary inclusion particle size,but the time of growth was greater for a smaller primary inclusion particle.Meanwhile,the particle size displayed little influence on the total precipitated amount of titanium nitride on it under the same conditions.At the later period of solidification,almost no change occurred in inclusion size,but the inclusion shape varied from circle to almost square in two-dimension,or cubic in three-dimension,to attain the equilibrium with steel.

Effects of precipitate aging time on the cerium-zirconium composite oxides

Cerium-zirconium composite oxides with high performance were synthesized by a co-precipitation method, using zirconium oxychloride and rare earth chloride as raw materials. The effects of precipitate aging time on the properties of cerium-zirconium composite oxides were investigated. The prepared cerium-zirconium composite oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, BET specific surface area, pulsed oxygen chemical adsorption, H2 temperature-programmed-reduction（H2-TPR）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, etc. The results showed that the precipitate aging time caused great effects on the properties of cerium zirconium composite oxides. With the increase of aging time, the cerium zirconium composite oxides showed enhanced specific surface area, good thermal stability, and high oxygen storage capacity（OSC）. The best performance sample was obtained while the precipitate aging time up to 48 h, with the specific surface area of 140.7 m2/g, and OSC of 657.24 μmolO2/g for the fresh sample. Even after thermal aged under 1000 oC for 4 h, the aged specific surface area was 41.6 m2/g, moreover with a good OSC of 569.9 μmolO2/g.

Method of Chaotic Prediction Based on Wavelet BP Network and Its Application

The advantage of artificial neural network and wavelet analysis are integrated through replacing the traditional S-shaped activation function with the wavelet function. One method of chaotic prediction based on wavelet BP network was put forward based on the reconstruction of state space. Training data construction and networks structure are determined by chaotic phase space, and nonlinear relationship of phase points was established by BP neural networks. As an example, the new method was applied on short term forecasting of monthly precipitation time series of Sanjiang Plain with chaotic characteristics. The results showed so higher precision of the method had that the theoretical evidence would be provided for applying the chaos theory to study the variable law of monthly precipitation.