Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),whi...Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.展开更多
Food and nutrition are essential parts for the management of blood glucose of patients with diabetes and other metabolic diseases.The results of recent human clinical studies have shown that the blood glucose levels c...Food and nutrition are essential parts for the management of blood glucose of patients with diabetes and other metabolic diseases.The results of recent human clinical studies have shown that the blood glucose levels change differently in different people in response to the same standardized meals.This phenomenon shows the challenges to find a one-size-fits-all approach to combat diabetes.With the development of technologies,personalized nutrition/precision nutrition has gradually become more practical in order to treat individual diabetes.The aim of this review article is to summarize personalized nutrition’s progress and potential in treating the diabetes epidemic.We have searched PubMed to identify relevant articles and found that personalized nutrition on multiple factors associated with an individual has started to draw attention to scientifi c communities.Two seminal studies have shown that healthy adults show differential responses of postprandial blood glucose levels to the same standardized meals.Human clinical trials have started to integrate sensor technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and personal data such as genomic sequences and microbiome to provide personalized nutrition advice,and shown promises in intervention and management of type 2 diabetes.It appears that the interplays of diets and genomes,gut microbiome,gut transit time,insulin sensitivity,cultural,social,and economic factors should all be considered to create a personalized treatment for an individual’s chronic metabolic disease.This probably can be achieved through the integration of personalized nutrition and personalized food intervention with the development of technologies and advances in food and nutrition sciences.More research should be anticipated soon.展开更多
文摘Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(2018YFD0900400 to Gen He)Aoshan Talents Cultivation Program supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(2017ASTCP-OS12 to Gen He)+1 种基金Key R&D Program in Shandong Province(2020ZLYS03 to Kangsen Mai)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G10 to Kangsen Mai).
文摘Food and nutrition are essential parts for the management of blood glucose of patients with diabetes and other metabolic diseases.The results of recent human clinical studies have shown that the blood glucose levels change differently in different people in response to the same standardized meals.This phenomenon shows the challenges to find a one-size-fits-all approach to combat diabetes.With the development of technologies,personalized nutrition/precision nutrition has gradually become more practical in order to treat individual diabetes.The aim of this review article is to summarize personalized nutrition’s progress and potential in treating the diabetes epidemic.We have searched PubMed to identify relevant articles and found that personalized nutrition on multiple factors associated with an individual has started to draw attention to scientifi c communities.Two seminal studies have shown that healthy adults show differential responses of postprandial blood glucose levels to the same standardized meals.Human clinical trials have started to integrate sensor technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and personal data such as genomic sequences and microbiome to provide personalized nutrition advice,and shown promises in intervention and management of type 2 diabetes.It appears that the interplays of diets and genomes,gut microbiome,gut transit time,insulin sensitivity,cultural,social,and economic factors should all be considered to create a personalized treatment for an individual’s chronic metabolic disease.This probably can be achieved through the integration of personalized nutrition and personalized food intervention with the development of technologies and advances in food and nutrition sciences.More research should be anticipated soon.