Smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus

Black fungus,with high nutritional and medicinal value,has been cultivated in China for a long time,and Heilongjiang alone accounts for about 40%of the global output.At present,the cultivation of black fungus derives mainly from the inheritance of relatively primitive practices and experience of farmers,resulting in inconsistent quality of fungus.In this study,a smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus was designed by using intelligent detection and control technology.The system includes a precision culture test environment and remote control system.The precision cultivation environment contains four sub-independent environments.The key parameters such as temperature,humidity,and light behavior were collected and can be adjusted individually,according to the precision cultivation stages.The intelligent remote control system included a controller cabinet,sensors unit,temperature control unit,humidity control unit,light control unit,and information transmitting unit.The controller cabinet includes a key controller which can auto-control the temperature,humidity,and lightly adjust components according to the precision cultivation conditions and processing.The temperature sensors were installed in a 3D array close to the fungus bags about 5 cm in rooms.The light tape was installed on the six walls and also had three colors(Red,Blue,and Green)which could be controlled independently in each room.The control strategy through the analysis of the data collected by all sensors,the current cultivate situation of the cultivation environment was obtained,and the heater,fan,light,and nozzle were regulated according to the strategy to maintain a suitable precision cultivation environment for fungus.To verify the feasibility of the precision cultivation processing and control system,the test result shows that the error of temperature control was about 0℃-1℃,the error of humidity control was about 1%-4%,and the error of illuminance control was about 0-50 lx;All the verification results show that the control system for precision cultivation has high precision and can meet the needs of exploring the"Black 29"fungus cultivation experiment environment.Based on the orthogonal experiment,the best combination of the temperature and humidity for each growth stage was also investigated in this study,further proving the reliability and feasibility of the control system for the precision cultivation of Auricularia auricula.

Proximal and remote sensing in plant phenomics: 20 years of progress, challenges, and perspectives

Plant phenomics(PP)has been recognized as a bottleneck in studying the interactions of genomics and environment on plants,limiting the progress of smart breeding and precise cultivation.High-throughput plant phenotyping is challenging owing to the spatio-temporal dynamics of traits.Proximal and remote sensing(PRS)techniques are increasingly used for plant phenotyping because of their advantages in multi-dimensional data acquisition and analysis.Substantial progress of PRS applications in PP has been observed over the last two decades and is analyzed here from an interdisciplinary perspective based on 2972 publications.This progress covers most aspects of PRS application in PP,including patterns of global spatial distribution and temporal dynamics,specific PRS technologies,phenotypic research fields,working environments,species,and traits.Subsequently,we demonstrate how to link PRS to multi-omics studies,including how to achieve multi-dimensional PRS data acquisition and processing,how to systematically integrate all kinds of phenotypic information and derive phenotypic knowledge with biological significance,and how to link PP to multi-omics association analysis.Finally,we identify three future perspectives for PRS-based PP:(1)strengthening the spatial and temporal consistency of PRS data,(2)exploring novel phenotypic traits,and(3)facilitating multi-omics communication.