Residual subsidence time series model in mountain area caused by underground mining based on GNSS online monitoring

The residual subsidence caused by underground mining in mountain area has a long subsidence duration time and great potential harm,which seriously threatens the safety of people's production and life in the mining area.Therefore,it is necessary to use appropriate monitoring methods and mathematical models to effectively monitor and predict the residual subsidence caused by underground mining.Compared with traditional level survey and InSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)technology,GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)online monitoring technology has the advantages of long-term monitoring,high precision and more flexible monitoring methods.The empirical equation method of residual subsidence in mining subsidence is effectively combined with the rock creep equation,which can not only describe the residual subsidence process from the mechanism,but also predict the residual subsidence.Therefore,based on GNSS online monitoring technology,combined with the mining subsidence model of mountain area and adding the correlation coefficient of the compaction degree of caving broken rock and the Kelvin model of rock mechanics,this paper constructs the residual subsidence time series model of arbitrary point on the ground in mountain area.Through the example,the predicted results of the model in the inversion parameter phase and the dynamic prediction phase are compared with the measured data sequence.The results show that the model can carry out effective numerical calculation according to the GNSS monitoring data of any point on the ground,and the model prediction effect is good,which provides a new method for the prediction of residual subsidence in mountain mining.

Development of a new Cox model for predicting long-term survival in hepatitis cirrhosis patients underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts

BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)placement is a procedure that can effectively treat complications of portal hypertension,such as variceal bleeding and refractory ascites.However,there have been no specific studies on predicting long-term survival after TIPS placement.AIM To establish a model to predict long-term survival in patients with hepatitis cirrhosis after TIPS.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 224 patients who un-derwent TIPS implantation.Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses,various factors were examined for their ability to predict survival at 6 years after TIPS.Consequently,a composite score was formulated,encompassing the indication,shunt reasonability,portal venous pressure gradient(PPG)after TIPS,percentage decrease in portal venous pressure(PVP),indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min(ICGR15)and total bilirubin(Tbil)level.Furthermore,the performance of the newly developed Cox(NDC)model was evaluated in an in-ternal validation cohort and compared with that of a series of existing models.RESULTS The indication(variceal bleeding or ascites),shunt reasonability(reasonable or unreasonable),ICGR15,post-operative PPG,percentage of PVP decrease and Tbil were found to be independent factors affecting long-term survival after TIPS placement.The NDC model incorporated these parameters and successfully identified patients at high risk,exhibiting a notably elevated mortality rate following the TIPS procedure,as observed in both the training and validation cohorts.Additionally,in terms of predicting the long-term survival rate,the performance of the NDC model was significantly better than that of the other four models[Child-Pugh,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),MELD-sodium and the Freiburg index of post-TIPS survival].CONCLUSION The NDC model can accurately predict long-term survival after the TIPS procedure in patients with hepatitis cirrhosis,help identify high-risk patients and guide follow-up management after TIPS implantation.

Long-term Prediction and Verification of Rainfall Based on the Seasonal Model

Using the seasonal cross-multiplication trend model, monthly precipitation of eight national basic weather stations of Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2010 was predicted, and the forecast results were verified using the rainfall scoring rules of China Meteorological Administration. The verification results show that the average score of annual precipitation prediction in recent six years is higher than that made by a professional forecaster, so this model has a good prospect of application. Moreover, the level of making prediction is steady, and it can be widely used in long-term prediction of rainfall.

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.

Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Risk Stratification

Background: Risk stratification of long-term outcomes for patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass grafting has enormous potential clinical importance. Aim: To develop risk stratification models for predicting long-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: We retrospectively revised the electronic medical records of 2330 patients who underwent adult Cardiac surgery between August 2016 and December 2022 at Madinah Cardiac Center, Saudi Arabia. Three hundred patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria of CABG operations with a complete follow-up period of at least 24 months, and data reporting. The collected data included patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data, pharmacotherapy, echocardiographic parameters, procedural details, postoperative data, in-hospital outcomes, and follow-up data. Our follow-up was depending on the clinical status (NYHA class), chest pain recurrence, medication dependence and echo follow-up. A univariate analysis was performed between each patient risk factor and the long-term outcome to determine the preoperative, operative, and postoperative factors significantly associated with each long-term outcome. Then a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with a stepwise, forward selection procedure. Significant (p < 0.05) risk factors were identified and were used as candidate variables in the development of a multivariable risk prediction model. Results: The incidence of all-cause mortality during hospital admission or follow-up period was 2.3%. Other long-term outcomes included all-cause recurrent hospitalization (9.8%), recurrent chest pain (2.4%), and the need for revascularization by using a stent in 5 (3.0%) patients. Thirteen (4.4%) patients suffered heart failure and they were on the maximum anti-failure medications. The model for predicting all-cause mortality included the preoperative EF ≤ 35% (AOR: 30.757, p = 0.061), the bypass time (AOR: 1.029, p = 0.003), and the duration of ventilation following the operation (AOR: 1.237, p = 0.021). The model for risk stratification of recurrent hospitalization comprised the preoperative EF ≤ 35% (AOR: 6.198, p p = 0.023), low postoperative cardiac output (AOR: 3.622, p = 0.007), and the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AOR: 2.787, p = 0.038). Low postoperative cardiac output was the only predictor that significantly contributed to recurrent chest pain (AOR: 11.66, p = 0.004). Finally, the model consisted of low postoperative cardiac output (AOR: 5.976, p < 0.001) and postoperative ventricular fibrillation (AOR: 4.216, p = 0.019) was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of the future need for revascularization using a stent. Conclusions: A risk prediction model was developed in a Saudi cohort for predicting all-cause mortality risk during both hospital admission and the follow-up period of at least 24 months after isolated CABG surgery. A set of models were also developed for predicting long-term risks of all-cause recurrent hospitalization, recurrent chest pain, heart failure, and the need for revascularization by using stents.

A novel ground surface subsidence prediction model for sub-critical mining in the geological condition of a thick alluvium layer

A substantial number of the coal mines in China are in the geological condition of thick alluvium layer. Under these circumstances, it does not make sense to predict ground surface subsidence and other deformations by using conventional prediction models. This paper presents a novel ground surface subsidence prediction model for sub-critical mining in the geological condition of thick alluvium layer. The geological composition and mechanical properties of thick alluvium is regarded as a random medium, as are the uniformly distributed loads on rock mass; however, the overburden of the rock mass in the bending zone is looked upon as a hard stratum controlling the ground surface subsidence. The different subsidence and displacement mechanisms for the rock mass and the thick alluvium layer are respectively considered and described in this model, which indicates satisfactory performances in a practical prediction case.

M-CM-GA-BP算法的地表移动变形参数预测模型

针对复杂的开采沉陷预测问题,研究22个工作面采动地表移动变形参数变化规律,提出了一种基于M-CM-GA-BP算法求取地表移动变形参数的预测模型。通过线性加权组合预测方法和遗传算法优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,融合多元回归模型来提高地表移动变形参数的求取精度,以地表下沉系数q为例,将该模型与其他预测模型预测性能进行对比分析,验证模型的准确性。结果表明,该模型能够有效地提高地表移动变形参数的预测精度,模型的平均相对误差为1.294、均方根误差为0.013,为地表移动变形参数预测提供了一种可行方法。

Dynamic prediction of building subsidence deformation with data-based mechanistic self-memory model

This paper describes a building subsidence deformation prediction model with the self-memorization principle.According to the non-linear specificity and monotonic growth characteristics of the time series of building subsidence deformation,a data-based mechanistic self-memory model considering randomness and dynamic features of building subsidence deformation is established based on the dynamic data retrieved method and the self-memorization equation.This model first deduces the differential equation of the building subsidence deformation system using the dynamic retrieved method,which treats the monitored time series data as particular solutions of the nonlinear dynamic system.Then,the differential equation is evolved into a difference-integral equation by the self-memory function to establish the self-memory model of dynamic system for predicting nonlinear building subsidence deformation.As the memory coefficients of the proposed model are calculated with historical data,which contain useful information for the prediction and overcome the shortcomings of the average prediction,the model can predict extreme values of a system and provide higher fitting precision and prediction accuracy than deterministic or random statistical prediction methods.The model was applied to subsidence deformation prediction of a building in Xi'an.It was shown that the model is valid and feasible in predicting building subsidence deformation with good accuracy.

深部开采地表移动延续时间预测模型及其参数分析

基于改进Knothe时间模型,根据地表移动延续时间定义,建立能够综合考虑采高、平均采深、松散层厚度、基岩层厚度和开采速度等因素的深部开采地表移动延续时间理论预测模型,并根据概率积分法给出了模型参数确定方法。采用24个深部工作面开采地表移动延续时间监测数据对预测模型的合理性和精确性进行验证。结果表明:地表移动延续时间模型预测结果与24个工作面监测结果基本吻合,两者平均绝对误差仅38 d,均方根误差仅为47 d,平均绝对误差百分比仅为9%,远小于现有3种经验模型的预测误差,验证了地表移动延续时间预测模型的精确性;地表移动延续时间受采高、平均采深、松散层厚度、基岩层厚度和开采速度的影响,随采高的增加而非线性增加,随平均采深、松散层厚度、基岩层厚度的增加而线性增加,但随开采速度的增加而非线性减小。该研究可为深部开采地表移动变形稳定性评估和科学制定开采计划提供理论指导。

基于SBAS-InSAR和PSO-BP模型的鲁南高铁沿线地表沉降监测与预测

选取38景Sentinel-1A SAR影像,利用SBAS-InSAR技术获取2019-02~2022-11鲁南高铁曲阜-菏泽段沿线5 km区域的地表沉降结果,分析其分布特征和规律,并利用PSO-BP模型对若干特征点进行沉降预测。结果表明,高铁沿线0.1 km范围内地表年均形变速率为-20~15 mm/a,最大沉降速率为25.46 mm/a,最大抬升速率为17.43 mm/a;PSO-BP模型得到的沉降预测值的RMSE为5.8~12.4 mm,可对地表沉降进行较好的预测。

基于粒子群算法最优化Verhulst模型的开采残余下沉预测

矿区开采引起的残余下沉稳定时间长、潜在危害大,有必要准确地预测矿区地表的残余下沉。鉴于传统的残余下沉Verhulst模型建模误差大、适用性弱,在建模过程中以数据序列的首个数据保持不变导致预测效果差的缺陷,以直接离散Verhulst模型为基础,引入粒子群算法寻求模型迭代初始值的最优解,建立基于粒子群算法优化的矿区开采残余下沉直接离散Verhulst模型,并以山西阳泉和山东兖州矿区两个时间尺度的地表残余下沉监测数据集进行实例验证,最后利用MATLAB App Designer工具实现模型算法的可视化。结果表明:基于粒子群算法优化的直接离散Verhulst模型的矿区开采残余下沉预测精度和稳定性增益明显,所开发的计算工具具有正确性和有效性。

基于分段Knothe时间函数的开采沉陷预计模型优化及应用

淮南矿区煤层埋深达800~1200 m,开采影响传播时间长,在使用原始分段Knothe时间函数模型预计该地区地表沉陷动态过程时,存在的不足为:预计的地表沉陷无启动阶段,下沉速度达到最大时对应的地表沉陷值并不等于最大下沉值的1/2,时间因素影响系数(c)以及地面点最大下沉速度对应的时刻(τ)无法实现自适应取值。通过理论研究以及资料分析,应用地表沉陷启动时间t_(0)以及修正模型对Knothe时间函数模型进行优化,并结合淮南矿区地质特征以及概率积分模型相关理论构建了c、τ求解模型,提出了适合淮南厚冲积层矿区的分段Knothe时间函数优化模型。以淮南某矿1613(3)工作面为例,采用所提优化Knothe时间函数模型、原始分段Knothe时间函数模型、分段Knothe时间函数模型分别进行了地表沉陷预测。结果表明:以地表点的实测值作为参考,所提出的优化模型在预计地表形变时,预计标准差为295.8 mm,总体精度较原始分段Knothe时间函数提高了49%,较分段Knothe时间函数提高了53%,证明了所提优化模型的优异性。

三维数值模拟(modflow)在基坑抽水试验中的应用

为进行基坑降水设计,需要在前期进行抽水试验,通过试验求取水文地质参数。在此基础上对基坑围护与降水一体化设计。本文通过抽水试验采用modflow通过非稳定流计算水文地质参数,在分析水文地质条件的基础上,建立水文地质概念模型、数字模型,对截水帷幕三种方案模拟计算,对基坑周边地面沉降进行预测,结合工程降水实际,推荐截水帷幕的设计方案。

基于总体最小二乘法改进GM(1,1)模型的矿区沉降预测

【目的】针对煤矿区地表沉降受各种因素影响难以精确预测的问题,本研究提出采用总体最小二乘法(TLS)融入GM(1,1)模型进行试验研究。【方法】基于某矿区2011—2017年的沉降监测数据,分别采用基于总体最小二乘法(TLS)与最小二乘法(LS)的GM(1,1)模型进行预测试验。【结果】试验结果表明,基于GM(1,1)预测模型,采用TLS方法对2018年矿区沉降预测的精度较LS方法提高了0.49 mm;对2019年矿区沉降预测的精度较LS方法提高了0.55 mm。【结论】本研究验证了采用TLS方法的GM(1,1)模型相较于LS方法的GM(1,1)模型在矿区地面沉降预测中具有更高的精度和更好的效果。

Hossfeld模型在矿区地表动态沉降预测应用的可行性分析

采用时间模型进行沉降预测是目前煤矿区地表动态沉降预测方法之一,在分析典型时间模型存在时间零点问题的基础上,采用林木增长模型(即Hossfeld模型),结合水准观测数据和D-InSAR沉降数据,对Hossfeld模型在煤矿开采沉降盆地范围内单点和任意点沉降预测精度,以及模型参数的相关性进行了评价。研究结果表明:在联合水准数据单点沉降预测结果中,修正时间零点的Knothe模型和Usher模型精度高于未修正时间零点的Knothe模型和Usher模型;在RMSE<100 mm比例中,Hossfeld模型精度略低于修正时间零点的Usher模型,高于未修正时间零点的Usher模型,远高于修正时间零点和未修正时间零点的Knothe模型;在MAE<100 mm比例中,Hossfeld模型精度最高;在联合D-InSAR沉降数据矿区全盆地任意点动态沉降结果中,通过统计构建动态预计模型参数相关性,发现Hossfeld模型参数的相干性最强;进一步,通过计算Bland-Altman图表明Hossfeld模型结果与D-InSAR结果差别较小,并且在RMSE和MAE<20 mm误差范围内,Hossfeld模型精度比例最高。相对于Knothe模型和Usher模型而言,Hossfeld模型无需时间零点修正,并且获取较高精度的煤矿地表动态沉降预测结果。

结合卷积神经网络和注意力机制的LSTM采空区地表沉降预测方法

为解决采空区地表塌陷区域时序预测中存在的监测点空间特征难以提取的问题,本文提出了一种可以提取监测点关键空间特征的CNN-Attention-LSTM组合神经网络模型。首先,增加作为特征输入的邻近监测点个数,使用卷积神经网络(CNN)提取由多个监测点构成的多维时间序列的空间特征;其次,将提取后的多维特征时序输入多层感知器(MLP)中计算注意力权重,并与特征输入作Hadamard积,实现特征输入的注意力权重分配;然后,利用长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)进行回归预测;最后,通过全连接层,整合输出目标监测点的预测值。本文以龙首矿西二采区地表塌陷区域为例,给出其地表沉降监测数据预测结果,并与实际采集的数据作对比。结果表明,引入注意力机制的CNN-Attention-LSTM的组合模型比CNN-LSTM模型和LSTM模型精度更高,且增加有效特征输入能够显著提升CNN-Attention-LSTM模型的预测精度。

基于BP神经网络的沥青路面沉陷发展预测

为提高沥青路面的检测效率,以某沥青路面某桩号断面的路面沉陷数据为研究对象,基于BP神经网络,对高速公路沥青路面沉陷发展进行了拟合及预测。试验结果表明,BP神经网络模型能够有效预测路面沉陷,随着训练组数据的增加,神经网络模型的预测精度不断提高;基于工程效率和预测精度方面的考虑,建议选用32组数据作为最佳样本数;BP神经网络模型的预测精度显著高于二次曲线法的,相对误差降低了5%。该研究验证了BP神经网络模型应用于路面沉陷发展预测的可行性和有效性,为探究高速公路沥青路面沉陷发展提供了新方法。

基于时间函数的高寒矿区地表动态下沉规律研究

高寒地区因为其冻土的特殊性质导致其经历开采后随着季节变化易导致上覆岩层破坏,因此,为准确预测高寒地区矿区上覆岩层的动态沉降的发展趋势,选取高寒矿区地表富水区作为研究对象,基于Weibull时间函数与分段函数的思路,结合矿区地表干涉合成孔径雷达(interferometric synthetic aperture radar, InSAR)监测数据建立高寒矿区地表动态沉降模型,讨论该函数模型的适用性。结果表明:高寒矿区冻胀地表沉降的3个阶段沉降量与时间的关系曲线与Weibull时间函数模型对应曲线相符。对Weibull时间函数的双参数取值进行探讨并优化,最终确定当初始、加速阶段的沉降运动参数λ取值2.5,沉降时间参数η取值0.068,稳定阶段λ取值2.3,η取值0.048时误差处于限差范围内,能较为准确地模拟预测地表的动态沉降过程。研究成果可为高寒矿区的防灾减灾及治理工程提供参考。

基于灰色Verhulst模型的矿区地表沉降预测研究

灰色Verhulst模型是灰色系统理论模型的重要组成之一,对“S”形曲线具有良好的表现能力。针对灰色Verhulst模型在矿区地表沉降预测中的适用性问题,以灰色Verhulst模型为矿区地表沉降预测模型,以某煤矿综采工作面地表沉降监测数据为数据源,选取其中2个点(M36和M79)开展了灰色Verhulst模型地表沉降预测研究。同时,以后验差比C、小误差概率P和预测值平均相对误差综合进行模型预测精度评价。结果表明:M36和M79号点的预测结果P值均为1,C值分别为0.22和0.07,模型等级均为优秀。M36和M79号点的预测结果平均相对误差分别为1.18和0.27,与C、P值保持一致。灰色Verhulst模型可对地下采煤引起的地表移动初始期、活跃期和衰退期三个阶段开展全周期预测,是矿区地表沉降预测的适用性模型。