Objective:To study the safety of mifepristone on thyroid hormone level by using hyperthyroidism pregnant model in mouse to simulate the process of medical abortion and observe the changes of thyroid hormone during abo...Objective:To study the safety of mifepristone on thyroid hormone level by using hyperthyroidism pregnant model in mouse to simulate the process of medical abortion and observe the changes of thyroid hormone during abortion.Methods:A total of 60 female Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into control group,control group with 0 mgRU486 group(control-0 mgRU486),control group with 2 mgRU486 group(control-2 mgRU486),hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 0 mgRU486 group(hyper-0 mgRU486),hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 2 mgRU486 group(hyper-2 mgRU486),and hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 20 mgRU486 group(hyper-20 mgRU486).In the hyperthyroidism groups,L-thyroxine sodium was intraperitoneally injected every day at 30μg·kg^(−1)·day^(−1) until the end of the experiment.On the 7^(th) day of the experiment,free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyroxine(FT4),thyroxine(TT4),and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)levels were tested.The mice in the control groups and those in the experimental groups were paired with the male mice(2:1)on the 10^(th) day of the experiment,and the caging was recorded.On the 8^(th) day of pregnancy(day 8),pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with mifepristone in different doses and were sacrificed 6 h later.Pregnancy rate and the number of embryos were recorded.Thyroid tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Serum TSH level was determined by radioimmunoassay.Results:Six hours after injection with mifepristone,serum FT3,FT4,and TT4 levels of pregnant mice were all increased.The increased levels in the mice under hyperthyroidism were different from those in the control groups(P<0.05).There was no difference in the embryo number and pregnancy rate between the experimental and the control groups;HE staining indicated that there was no significant change in microscopic features before and after mifepristone administration.Conclusion:Serum thyroid hormone level of mice under hyperthyroidism was significantly increased after mifepristone administration.Therefore,mifepristone should be avoided when hyperthyroidism has not been controlled.展开更多
The use of artificial sweeteners as non-nutritive food additive is becoming very common nowadays. The aim of this research was to study the effect of commercial artificial sweeteners consumption on the adult mouse mam...The use of artificial sweeteners as non-nutritive food additive is becoming very common nowadays. The aim of this research was to study the effect of commercial artificial sweeteners consumption on the adult mouse mammary gland in pregnancy (18-day pregnancy) and 3 weeks nursing. A commercial artificial sweetener solution was given to pregnant mice of treated groups 50 mg/kg body weight, from day one of pregnancy till the end of 3 weeks nursing. Controls were given distilled water. The histological studies of the mammary gland of treated animals showed some changes. In treated 18-day pregnant mothers;the amount of adipose cells seemed to increase and the amount of lipid droplets within the alveoli seemed to increase compared to the controls. Also alveoli in the treated mammary gland sections appeared to be larger and less in number compared to the controls. In 3 weeks treated nursing mothers the amount of milk and lipid droplets in the alveoli decreased compared to the controls. The mammary gland circumference of treated 18-day pregnant mothers was significantly smaller compared to the controls, while it was significantly larger in 3 weeks treated nursing mothers compared to the controls. These results show that artificial sweeteners disturbed the arrangement of the histological structure in the mammary gland of pregnant and nursing mice. Awareness should be raised to restrict the use of artificial sweeteners to people with diabetes or who are in medical need.展开更多
In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided...In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided into no immobilization stress(NIS)group,immobilization stress(IS)group,and immobilization and resveratrol treatment(IS+RES)group(n=15).Mice were immobilized in plastic tubes(50 mL)for 3 h per day during day 1 to 7 of pregnancy.In the IS+RES group,5 mg kg-'d-1 of resveratrol was administered just prior to application of stress.We analyzed apoptotic activity in CL by Western botting analysis(WB),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum progesterone levels were examined with radioimmunoassay(RIA).IHC results showed that the intensity of positive staining for Bax was increased,and for BcI-2 was decreased in CL after IS,while resveratrol treatment reversed the positive staining for Bax and Bcl-2.WB revealed that immobilization stress up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-9,and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression,while resveratrol treatment attenuated the effects of immobilization stress on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-9.According to our TEM results,apoptosis as defined by chromatin condensation was found in CL after immobilization stress,while resveratrol inhibited the apoptosis.We also demonstrated that immobilization stress decreased progesterone concentrations and ovarian expression of StAR,while resveratrol restored the concentrations of progesterone and expression of StAR back to normal.These results indicated that immobilization stress induced luteal regression while resveratrol inhibited luteal regression,suggesting that resveratrol plays a protective role on corpora lutea of mice during early pregnancy.展开更多
文摘Objective:To study the safety of mifepristone on thyroid hormone level by using hyperthyroidism pregnant model in mouse to simulate the process of medical abortion and observe the changes of thyroid hormone during abortion.Methods:A total of 60 female Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into control group,control group with 0 mgRU486 group(control-0 mgRU486),control group with 2 mgRU486 group(control-2 mgRU486),hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 0 mgRU486 group(hyper-0 mgRU486),hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 2 mgRU486 group(hyper-2 mgRU486),and hyperthyroid pregnant mice with 20 mgRU486 group(hyper-20 mgRU486).In the hyperthyroidism groups,L-thyroxine sodium was intraperitoneally injected every day at 30μg·kg^(−1)·day^(−1) until the end of the experiment.On the 7^(th) day of the experiment,free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyroxine(FT4),thyroxine(TT4),and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)levels were tested.The mice in the control groups and those in the experimental groups were paired with the male mice(2:1)on the 10^(th) day of the experiment,and the caging was recorded.On the 8^(th) day of pregnancy(day 8),pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with mifepristone in different doses and were sacrificed 6 h later.Pregnancy rate and the number of embryos were recorded.Thyroid tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Serum TSH level was determined by radioimmunoassay.Results:Six hours after injection with mifepristone,serum FT3,FT4,and TT4 levels of pregnant mice were all increased.The increased levels in the mice under hyperthyroidism were different from those in the control groups(P<0.05).There was no difference in the embryo number and pregnancy rate between the experimental and the control groups;HE staining indicated that there was no significant change in microscopic features before and after mifepristone administration.Conclusion:Serum thyroid hormone level of mice under hyperthyroidism was significantly increased after mifepristone administration.Therefore,mifepristone should be avoided when hyperthyroidism has not been controlled.
文摘The use of artificial sweeteners as non-nutritive food additive is becoming very common nowadays. The aim of this research was to study the effect of commercial artificial sweeteners consumption on the adult mouse mammary gland in pregnancy (18-day pregnancy) and 3 weeks nursing. A commercial artificial sweetener solution was given to pregnant mice of treated groups 50 mg/kg body weight, from day one of pregnancy till the end of 3 weeks nursing. Controls were given distilled water. The histological studies of the mammary gland of treated animals showed some changes. In treated 18-day pregnant mothers;the amount of adipose cells seemed to increase and the amount of lipid droplets within the alveoli seemed to increase compared to the controls. Also alveoli in the treated mammary gland sections appeared to be larger and less in number compared to the controls. In 3 weeks treated nursing mothers the amount of milk and lipid droplets in the alveoli decreased compared to the controls. The mammary gland circumference of treated 18-day pregnant mothers was significantly smaller compared to the controls, while it was significantly larger in 3 weeks treated nursing mothers compared to the controls. These results show that artificial sweeteners disturbed the arrangement of the histological structure in the mammary gland of pregnant and nursing mice. Awareness should be raised to restrict the use of artificial sweeteners to people with diabetes or who are in medical need.
基金The authors wish to thank Prof.Emeritus Reinhold J.Hutz,PhD of the Department of Biological Sciences,University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee,USA,for his editing and helpful adviceThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501956 and 31572403).
文摘In the present study,we aimed to investigate a protective role for resveratrol against the effects of immobilization stress on corpora lutea(CL)of mice in early pregnancy.A total of 45 early-pregnant mice were divided into no immobilization stress(NIS)group,immobilization stress(IS)group,and immobilization and resveratrol treatment(IS+RES)group(n=15).Mice were immobilized in plastic tubes(50 mL)for 3 h per day during day 1 to 7 of pregnancy.In the IS+RES group,5 mg kg-'d-1 of resveratrol was administered just prior to application of stress.We analyzed apoptotic activity in CL by Western botting analysis(WB),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Serum progesterone levels were examined with radioimmunoassay(RIA).IHC results showed that the intensity of positive staining for Bax was increased,and for BcI-2 was decreased in CL after IS,while resveratrol treatment reversed the positive staining for Bax and Bcl-2.WB revealed that immobilization stress up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-9,and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression,while resveratrol treatment attenuated the effects of immobilization stress on the expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and caspase-9.According to our TEM results,apoptosis as defined by chromatin condensation was found in CL after immobilization stress,while resveratrol inhibited the apoptosis.We also demonstrated that immobilization stress decreased progesterone concentrations and ovarian expression of StAR,while resveratrol restored the concentrations of progesterone and expression of StAR back to normal.These results indicated that immobilization stress induced luteal regression while resveratrol inhibited luteal regression,suggesting that resveratrol plays a protective role on corpora lutea of mice during early pregnancy.
