This study explains how infrastructure and beef processing practices in beef retailing premises (BRPs) are useful for beef purchasing decision. In this respect, features and beef retailing practices were assessed agai...This study explains how infrastructure and beef processing practices in beef retailing premises (BRPs) are useful for beef purchasing decision. In this respect, features and beef retailing practices were assessed against the questionability of beef that is retailed in least developing countries (LDCs). This assessment was carried out by testing the null hypothesis that hypothesizes that BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya cities do not comply with the FAO technical requirements. The retailed beef in many BRPs is compromised with the status of the infrastructural development, the situation that may result in the questionability of the consumed beef. The Likert based information regarding 22 beef quality impacting factors (BQIF) from BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, respectively, was analyzed with respect to the gaps identified and beef retailing conceptual model. This study is important as it provides general picture in connection to the status of the assessed BQIF in BRPs for the cities in the least developing countries (LDCs). In this regard, the study has shown that the compliance of BRPs in the LDCs’ cities is too weak to meet the infrastructural technical requirements due to existence of more stringent provisions in the developed specifications. The study finally identified the local infrastructural beef quality determinants in LDCs’ BRPs as the gap to be bridged by other studies.展开更多
Process equipment placing in industrial premises leads to essential change of room acoustic characteristics: mean length of sound rays’ free runs, reverberation time and mean absorption factor in a room. The changes ...Process equipment placing in industrial premises leads to essential change of room acoustic characteristics: mean length of sound rays’ free runs, reverberation time and mean absorption factor in a room. The changes influence distribution of the reflected sound energy in premise volume. Failure to take account of the given circumstance results in errors at definition of sound pressure levels and an estimation of efficiency of building-acoustic measures of noise abatement. In the paper the results of computer modeling of acoustic processes in premises with the process equipment are considered and influence of the equipment on a sound absorption indoors is analyzed. The computer simulation is carried out on the basis of the ray tracing method with taking into account rays’ energy distribution in a room. It is shown that such approach allows determining objectively the integral acoustic characteristics of industrial premises, takes into account influencing to them the room parameters, the presence and scattering characteristics of the equipment and makes more accurate the equations putting into engineering practice.展开更多
The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of C...The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.展开更多
In this study, qPCR was used to quantify opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens(OPPPs) and free-living amoebae in 11 tap water samples collected over four seasons from a city in northern China. Results demonstrated ...In this study, qPCR was used to quantify opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens(OPPPs) and free-living amoebae in 11 tap water samples collected over four seasons from a city in northern China. Results demonstrated that the average numbers of gene copies of Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were significantly higher than those of Aeromonas spp.(p < 0.05). Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were 100%(44/44) positively detected while P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas spp. were 79.54%(35/44) and 77.27%(34/44) positively detected. Legionella pneumophila was only detected in 4 samples(4/44), demonstrating its occasional occurrence. No Mycobacterium avium or Naegleria fowleri was detected in any of the samples. The average gene copy numbers of target OPPPs were the highest in summer,suggesting seasonal prevalence of OPPPs. Average gene copy numbers of OPPPs in the taps of low-use-frequency were higher than in taps of high-use-frequency, but the difference was not significant for some OPPPs(p > 0.05). Moderate negative correlations between the chlorine concentration and the gene copy numbers of OPPPs were observed by Spearman analysis(rsranged from -0.311 to -0.710, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations existed between OPPPs and AOC, BDOC, or turbidity. Moderate positive correlations were observed between the target microorganisms, especially for Acanthamoeba spp., through Spearman analysis(p < 0.05). Based on our studies, it is proposed that disinfectant concentration, season, taps with different-use frequency, OPPP species, and potential microbial correlations should be considered for control of OPPPs in tap water.展开更多
After the end of the cold war, profound changes have taken place in the global security governance model. With the end of the by-polar confrontation,the international community is full of expectations for a'new er...After the end of the cold war, profound changes have taken place in the global security governance model. With the end of the by-polar confrontation,the international community is full of expectations for a'new era'of security governance.However, many problems left over from the cold war, such as social inequality, regional conflicts and cold war thinking, are still not only pending, but also constantly reappearing in the process of promoting global security governance.展开更多
Last year we put forward a report to establish a state-level trial and applied for ratification by the Central Science Institute of Education and Research. It was a grand and unprecedented trial practice in Tanghe’s ...Last year we put forward a report to establish a state-level trial and applied for ratification by the Central Science Institute of Education and Research. It was a grand and unprecedented trial practice in Tanghe’s history of teaching and teaching reform. Based on a good combination of the existing teaching material, the experiment was aimed at students’ rapid grasp of language and partial settlement of some of the students’ common problems in learning English. The reason for our decision lies in the following issues.展开更多
In 2001,internist and literary scholar Rita Charon at Columbia University famously announced a new discipline called narrative medicine.She based it on the premise that the basic humanistic skills of critical reading,...In 2001,internist and literary scholar Rita Charon at Columbia University famously announced a new discipline called narrative medicine.She based it on the premise that the basic humanistic skills of critical reading,slow looking,and reflective writing were as necessary for developing clinical skills as evidence-based medical knowledge.Already by 2011,the new discipline of narrative medicine had taken root in China through published articles and a meeting at the Institute for Medical Humanities(now School of Health Humanities)in Peking University.Just a decade later,narrative medicine programs have not only proliferated in medical schools and hospitals across China but they have also developed into novel programs of“narrative medicine with Chinese characteristics.”展开更多
一、参照对比,其意自明1.英语中多义词很多,如何确定某个关键词在句子中的确切含义,有时字典是帮不了很多忙。一个在实践中行之有效的方法是在句子中找到同它关系密切的词,与之参照对比,往往能够得出十分贴切的含义。例如:Automation ha...一、参照对比,其意自明1.英语中多义词很多,如何确定某个关键词在句子中的确切含义,有时字典是帮不了很多忙。一个在实践中行之有效的方法是在句子中找到同它关系密切的词,与之参照对比,往往能够得出十分贴切的含义。例如:Automation has been,and still is,agreatly misused word,but its propermeaning,and therefore its implications,展开更多
Queer theory,as a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and Women' s studies,is now receiving more and more academic attentions.This paper g...Queer theory,as a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and Women' s studies,is now receiving more and more academic attentions.This paper gives an introduction to its definition,theorists,basic premises as well as its literary applications,aiming to shed some light on this seemingly "queer" theory.展开更多
This study presents the assessment of beef transportation infrastructure from slaughtering facilities in Tanzanian cities to the retail premises. The quality of beef consumed in many countries is questionable due to p...This study presents the assessment of beef transportation infrastructure from slaughtering facilities in Tanzanian cities to the retail premises. The quality of beef consumed in many countries is questionable due to poor infrastructural development which may results into contamination and bacteriological infection. This study was carried out in Mbeya and Dar es Salaam where data was collected at the dispatch areas of 3 and 6 slaughtering facilities, respectively. At each slaughter facility, 10 vehicles selected randomly, were assessed. The assessment of beef distribution infrastructure was conducted based on 18 quality impacting factors established from the actual observation and literature review and conceptualized carcass distribution model. With exception to water tightness, painting and engine status during carcass loading, all the assessed beef quality impacting parameters were below 50%, indicating that beef distribution in the surveyed facilities were below the specification of food quality. Generally, the assessment of beef transporting facilities in connection to the first hypothesis of this study, indicted very weak compliance with the requirements, signifying that the vehicles are not acceptable for carcass transportation.展开更多
No text written in the mid-nineteenth century has held the road until today as well as the Communist Manifesto of 1848.There is no any other text written in the middle of the 21th century which retained validity until...No text written in the mid-nineteenth century has held the road until today as well as the Communist Manifesto of 1848.There is no any other text written in the middle of the 21th century which retained validity until this day as well as the Manifesto of the Communist Party.Even today entire paragraphs of the text correspond to the contemporary reality even better than in 1848.Starting from the premises which were hardly visible in the era,Marx and Engels drew the conclusions which the deployment of 170 years of history fully consolidated.In this article I will give further enlightening examples.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a H∞ robust observer-based control DC motor based on a photovoltaic pumping system. Maximum power point tracking is achieved via an algorithm using Perturb and Observe method, with array vol...In this paper, we propose a H∞ robust observer-based control DC motor based on a photovoltaic pumping system. Maximum power point tracking is achieved via an algorithm using Perturb and Observe method, with array voltage and current being used to generate the reference voltage which should be the PV panel’s operating voltage to get maximum available power. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) observer has been proposed and designed with non-measurable premise variables and the conditions of stability are given in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.展开更多
Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) le...Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.展开更多
970318 A study on evoked potentials in cor pul-monale patients with chronic respiratory failure.QIAO Hui(乔慧), et al. Beijing Neurosurg Instit,Beijing, 100050. Chin J Geriatr 1997; 16(1): 43-45. Objective: Evoked pro...970318 A study on evoked potentials in cor pul-monale patients with chronic respiratory failure.QIAO Hui(乔慧), et al. Beijing Neurosurg Instit,Beijing, 100050. Chin J Geriatr 1997; 16(1): 43-45. Objective: Evoked protential was used to detect thechange of brain function in cor pulmonale patients展开更多
文摘This study explains how infrastructure and beef processing practices in beef retailing premises (BRPs) are useful for beef purchasing decision. In this respect, features and beef retailing practices were assessed against the questionability of beef that is retailed in least developing countries (LDCs). This assessment was carried out by testing the null hypothesis that hypothesizes that BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya cities do not comply with the FAO technical requirements. The retailed beef in many BRPs is compromised with the status of the infrastructural development, the situation that may result in the questionability of the consumed beef. The Likert based information regarding 22 beef quality impacting factors (BQIF) from BRPs in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya, respectively, was analyzed with respect to the gaps identified and beef retailing conceptual model. This study is important as it provides general picture in connection to the status of the assessed BQIF in BRPs for the cities in the least developing countries (LDCs). In this regard, the study has shown that the compliance of BRPs in the LDCs’ cities is too weak to meet the infrastructural technical requirements due to existence of more stringent provisions in the developed specifications. The study finally identified the local infrastructural beef quality determinants in LDCs’ BRPs as the gap to be bridged by other studies.
文摘Process equipment placing in industrial premises leads to essential change of room acoustic characteristics: mean length of sound rays’ free runs, reverberation time and mean absorption factor in a room. The changes influence distribution of the reflected sound energy in premise volume. Failure to take account of the given circumstance results in errors at definition of sound pressure levels and an estimation of efficiency of building-acoustic measures of noise abatement. In the paper the results of computer modeling of acoustic processes in premises with the process equipment are considered and influence of the equipment on a sound absorption indoors is analyzed. The computer simulation is carried out on the basis of the ray tracing method with taking into account rays’ energy distribution in a room. It is shown that such approach allows determining objectively the integral acoustic characteristics of industrial premises, takes into account influencing to them the room parameters, the presence and scattering characteristics of the equipment and makes more accurate the equations putting into engineering practice.
基金part of the results(presented in stages)of"Research on the Legislative System of Cities with Subordinate Districts"(16XFX004)-a program of National Social Sciences Fund in Western China"Empirical Research on Local Legislation"(16XW16)-a research focus of Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences under a key program launched by the Publicity Department of the CPC Sichuan Provincial Committee
文摘The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFA0203200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51538013)the project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-DQC004)
文摘In this study, qPCR was used to quantify opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens(OPPPs) and free-living amoebae in 11 tap water samples collected over four seasons from a city in northern China. Results demonstrated that the average numbers of gene copies of Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were significantly higher than those of Aeromonas spp.(p < 0.05). Legionella spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were 100%(44/44) positively detected while P. aeruginosa and Aeromonas spp. were 79.54%(35/44) and 77.27%(34/44) positively detected. Legionella pneumophila was only detected in 4 samples(4/44), demonstrating its occasional occurrence. No Mycobacterium avium or Naegleria fowleri was detected in any of the samples. The average gene copy numbers of target OPPPs were the highest in summer,suggesting seasonal prevalence of OPPPs. Average gene copy numbers of OPPPs in the taps of low-use-frequency were higher than in taps of high-use-frequency, but the difference was not significant for some OPPPs(p > 0.05). Moderate negative correlations between the chlorine concentration and the gene copy numbers of OPPPs were observed by Spearman analysis(rsranged from -0.311 to -0.710, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlations existed between OPPPs and AOC, BDOC, or turbidity. Moderate positive correlations were observed between the target microorganisms, especially for Acanthamoeba spp., through Spearman analysis(p < 0.05). Based on our studies, it is proposed that disinfectant concentration, season, taps with different-use frequency, OPPP species, and potential microbial correlations should be considered for control of OPPPs in tap water.
文摘After the end of the cold war, profound changes have taken place in the global security governance model. With the end of the by-polar confrontation,the international community is full of expectations for a'new era'of security governance.However, many problems left over from the cold war, such as social inequality, regional conflicts and cold war thinking, are still not only pending, but also constantly reappearing in the process of promoting global security governance.
文摘Last year we put forward a report to establish a state-level trial and applied for ratification by the Central Science Institute of Education and Research. It was a grand and unprecedented trial practice in Tanghe’s history of teaching and teaching reform. Based on a good combination of the existing teaching material, the experiment was aimed at students’ rapid grasp of language and partial settlement of some of the students’ common problems in learning English. The reason for our decision lies in the following issues.
文摘In 2001,internist and literary scholar Rita Charon at Columbia University famously announced a new discipline called narrative medicine.She based it on the premise that the basic humanistic skills of critical reading,slow looking,and reflective writing were as necessary for developing clinical skills as evidence-based medical knowledge.Already by 2011,the new discipline of narrative medicine had taken root in China through published articles and a meeting at the Institute for Medical Humanities(now School of Health Humanities)in Peking University.Just a decade later,narrative medicine programs have not only proliferated in medical schools and hospitals across China but they have also developed into novel programs of“narrative medicine with Chinese characteristics.”
文摘一、参照对比,其意自明1.英语中多义词很多,如何确定某个关键词在句子中的确切含义,有时字典是帮不了很多忙。一个在实践中行之有效的方法是在句子中找到同它关系密切的词,与之参照对比,往往能够得出十分贴切的含义。例如:Automation has been,and still is,agreatly misused word,but its propermeaning,and therefore its implications,
文摘Queer theory,as a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and Women' s studies,is now receiving more and more academic attentions.This paper gives an introduction to its definition,theorists,basic premises as well as its literary applications,aiming to shed some light on this seemingly "queer" theory.
文摘This study presents the assessment of beef transportation infrastructure from slaughtering facilities in Tanzanian cities to the retail premises. The quality of beef consumed in many countries is questionable due to poor infrastructural development which may results into contamination and bacteriological infection. This study was carried out in Mbeya and Dar es Salaam where data was collected at the dispatch areas of 3 and 6 slaughtering facilities, respectively. At each slaughter facility, 10 vehicles selected randomly, were assessed. The assessment of beef distribution infrastructure was conducted based on 18 quality impacting factors established from the actual observation and literature review and conceptualized carcass distribution model. With exception to water tightness, painting and engine status during carcass loading, all the assessed beef quality impacting parameters were below 50%, indicating that beef distribution in the surveyed facilities were below the specification of food quality. Generally, the assessment of beef transporting facilities in connection to the first hypothesis of this study, indicted very weak compliance with the requirements, signifying that the vehicles are not acceptable for carcass transportation.
文摘No text written in the mid-nineteenth century has held the road until today as well as the Communist Manifesto of 1848.There is no any other text written in the middle of the 21th century which retained validity until this day as well as the Manifesto of the Communist Party.Even today entire paragraphs of the text correspond to the contemporary reality even better than in 1848.Starting from the premises which were hardly visible in the era,Marx and Engels drew the conclusions which the deployment of 170 years of history fully consolidated.In this article I will give further enlightening examples.
文摘In this paper, we propose a H∞ robust observer-based control DC motor based on a photovoltaic pumping system. Maximum power point tracking is achieved via an algorithm using Perturb and Observe method, with array voltage and current being used to generate the reference voltage which should be the PV panel’s operating voltage to get maximum available power. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) observer has been proposed and designed with non-measurable premise variables and the conditions of stability are given in terms of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
文摘Investments in rural land for agriculture, timber, and other natural resource purposes occur frequently and globally. Fundamental principles of liberty and property found in the United States of America’s (“US”) legal system, from its origins to recent US Supreme Court decisions, continue to positively benefit holders of real estate in the Southern US, through a deep-rooted public policy of supporting private property rights and rural economic development. This stable rule of law enhances the long-term adaptability and sustainability of timberland as an asset class. This article is a commentary. It combines legal research methodology with the observations and conclusions of the authors. Its purpose is to demonstrate that the existence of alienable, documentable ownership, and related property rights create inherent stability and security. These principles form the basis of a culture that is defined by the rule of law and is “open for business.” This business mindset is particularly prevalent in the Southern US.
文摘970318 A study on evoked potentials in cor pul-monale patients with chronic respiratory failure.QIAO Hui(乔慧), et al. Beijing Neurosurg Instit,Beijing, 100050. Chin J Geriatr 1997; 16(1): 43-45. Objective: Evoked protential was used to detect thechange of brain function in cor pulmonale patients