BACKGROUND： It has been shown that interleukin-1β（IL-1β） can induce fever by activating vascular endothelial cells and macrophages of the supraoptic crest to generate prostaglandin E2, which binds with receptors ...BACKGROUND： It has been shown that interleukin-1β（IL-1β） can induce fever by activating vascular endothelial cells and macrophages of the supraoptic crest to generate prostaglandin E2, which binds with receptors of the thermo-sensitive hypothalamic neurons. Lonicera japonica is one of the medicinal plants used widely in Asia for its antipyretic properties. However, these mechanisms have not yet been intensively studied. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the antipyretic effect and mechanisms of Lonicera japonica on IL-1β- induced febrile New Zealand rabbits by observing expression changes of E-type prostaglandin receptor-3 （EP3） mRNA in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus （POAH）. DESIGN： A randomized controlled study. SETTING： Electrophysiological Laboratory at the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Jinan University; Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University. MATERIALS： The experiment was performed from April to December 2005, using a total of 32 New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes, weighing 1.5 2.0 kg. All the animal experiments were performed according to the internationally accepted ethical guidelines. Lonicera japonica injection was purchased from Huanghe pharmaceutical factory of Xi＇an, China. IL-1βwas purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： A total of 32 rabbits were divided randomly into four groups： ① Normal saline （NS） control group;② Lonicerajaponica treatment group; ③ IL-1βtreatment group; and ④Lonicerajaponica plus IL-1βtreatment group. In the first 3 groups, the rabbits were given separate intravenous （i.v.） injections of l mL NS, l mL Lonicera japonica, and 100 ng IL-l β （dissolved in 0.9% NS without pyrogen）. In the Lonicerajaponica plus IL-1βgroup each rabbit was given i.v. injections of l mL NS and, 30 minutes later, 100 ng IL-1 β. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Colonic temperature of each rabbit was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 minutes after injection and the maximum temperature rise （ A T） and the temperature response index after l hour （TRII） was calculated. Subsequently, in situ hybridization （ISH） was done with an ISH kit, EP3 mRNA expression in the POAH of all groups was measured （number of positive cells and average gray scale value）. RESULTS： A total of 32 rabbits were included in the result analysis, without any loss, （i） A T and TRII： there was no significant difference between the Lonicera japonica group and NS group （P 〉 0.05）. The IL-1β group was significantly greater compared to NS group （P 〈 0.01）. The Lonicera japonica plus IL-1β group was significantly less than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. ② In the NS and Lonicera japonica groups, the EP3 mRNA expression was negative （no coloration） or only weakly positive （only a few brown yellow particles in the cytoplasm cells could not be identified）. The number of positive cells and the average gray scale value were not significantly different between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. In the IL-1β group, the number of positive cells was remarkably higher and the average gray scale value was lower than the NS group （P 〈 0.0 l）. In the Lonicera japonica plus IL-1β group, the number of positive cells was significantly less than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. However, the average gray scale value was greater than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Lonicera japonica has obvious antipyretic effects on IL-1β-induced febrile rabbits and acts by inhibiting expression of EP3 mRNA in the POAH.展开更多
In the structure of brain the medial preoptic area (MPO) and ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMN)are the two parts where the estrogen receptors concentrate but have opposite effects on sexual behavior. Recently ...In the structure of brain the medial preoptic area (MPO) and ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMN)are the two parts where the estrogen receptors concentrate but have opposite effects on sexual behavior. Recently estrogen receptors have been known to be located in the locus coeruleus(LC), where noradrenergic(NE) fibres terminate in the hypothalamus arising from cell bodies. The discharge rate of NE-ergic neurons in LC can be increased by electrical stimulation of MPO in a female rat at estrus stage, and decreased at diestrus stage. These studies help us to infer that VMN might have some modulation influence on NE-ergic neurons in LC. In order to study the pattern activities展开更多
目的探讨睾丸切除对小鼠下丘脑亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1(huntingtin-associated protein 1,HAP1)表达的影响。方法观察HAP1在主要分泌促性腺激素释放激素神经元的区域分布特点,继而应用免疫印迹技术观察去势对下丘脑HAP1表达的影响,最后选择...目的探讨睾丸切除对小鼠下丘脑亨廷顿蛋白相关蛋白1(huntingtin-associated protein 1,HAP1)表达的影响。方法观察HAP1在主要分泌促性腺激素释放激素神经元的区域分布特点,继而应用免疫印迹技术观察去势对下丘脑HAP1表达的影响,最后选择HAP1水平变化最显著的时段,应用免疫组织化学技术观察下丘脑视前区及弓状核等部位HAP1免疫反应性变化的区域特征。结果 HAP1在雄性小鼠下丘脑广泛表达,以视前核、视交叉上核、室周核、室旁核、背内侧核、弓状核等部位免疫反应性较强,在隔外侧核、隔内侧核、斜角带核及下丘脑乳头体上核、正中隆起及下丘脑腹内侧核等部位呈低至中等水平表达。HAP1免疫反应产物在神经元胞质和神经毡内呈弥散、均匀分布,并可见强反应的stigmoid小体。下丘脑HAP1水平在睾丸切除后第2-4日显著升高,第7日接近假手术组水平,术后3周显著降低(P<0.01)。小鼠睾丸切除后2 d,与假手术组比较,HAP1在下丘脑腹内侧视前核及弓状核的免疫反应性增强,而下丘脑隔外侧核及背内侧核等区域HAP1免疫反应性无明显变化(P<0.05)。结论 HAP1可能与参与下丘脑视前区弓状核等部位神经元内GnRH的分泌和转运。展开更多
基金Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39600061National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.2003LHR13+3 种基金Medical Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. A2004327, A2006334the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong, No. 04010443, 06105246 Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province, No.1040074Technology Bureau of Guangzhou, No. 2007J1-C0041
文摘BACKGROUND： It has been shown that interleukin-1β（IL-1β） can induce fever by activating vascular endothelial cells and macrophages of the supraoptic crest to generate prostaglandin E2, which binds with receptors of the thermo-sensitive hypothalamic neurons. Lonicera japonica is one of the medicinal plants used widely in Asia for its antipyretic properties. However, these mechanisms have not yet been intensively studied. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the antipyretic effect and mechanisms of Lonicera japonica on IL-1β- induced febrile New Zealand rabbits by observing expression changes of E-type prostaglandin receptor-3 （EP3） mRNA in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus （POAH）. DESIGN： A randomized controlled study. SETTING： Electrophysiological Laboratory at the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Jinan University; Department of Orthopaedics, First Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University. MATERIALS： The experiment was performed from April to December 2005, using a total of 32 New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes, weighing 1.5 2.0 kg. All the animal experiments were performed according to the internationally accepted ethical guidelines. Lonicera japonica injection was purchased from Huanghe pharmaceutical factory of Xi＇an, China. IL-1βwas purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： A total of 32 rabbits were divided randomly into four groups： ① Normal saline （NS） control group;② Lonicerajaponica treatment group; ③ IL-1βtreatment group; and ④Lonicerajaponica plus IL-1βtreatment group. In the first 3 groups, the rabbits were given separate intravenous （i.v.） injections of l mL NS, l mL Lonicera japonica, and 100 ng IL-l β （dissolved in 0.9% NS without pyrogen）. In the Lonicerajaponica plus IL-1βgroup each rabbit was given i.v. injections of l mL NS and, 30 minutes later, 100 ng IL-1 β. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Colonic temperature of each rabbit was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 minutes after injection and the maximum temperature rise （ A T） and the temperature response index after l hour （TRII） was calculated. Subsequently, in situ hybridization （ISH） was done with an ISH kit, EP3 mRNA expression in the POAH of all groups was measured （number of positive cells and average gray scale value）. RESULTS： A total of 32 rabbits were included in the result analysis, without any loss, （i） A T and TRII： there was no significant difference between the Lonicera japonica group and NS group （P 〉 0.05）. The IL-1β group was significantly greater compared to NS group （P 〈 0.01）. The Lonicera japonica plus IL-1β group was significantly less than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. ② In the NS and Lonicera japonica groups, the EP3 mRNA expression was negative （no coloration） or only weakly positive （only a few brown yellow particles in the cytoplasm cells could not be identified）. The number of positive cells and the average gray scale value were not significantly different between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. In the IL-1β group, the number of positive cells was remarkably higher and the average gray scale value was lower than the NS group （P 〈 0.0 l）. In the Lonicera japonica plus IL-1β group, the number of positive cells was significantly less than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. However, the average gray scale value was greater than the IL-1β group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Lonicera japonica has obvious antipyretic effects on IL-1β-induced febrile rabbits and acts by inhibiting expression of EP3 mRNA in the POAH.
文摘In the structure of brain the medial preoptic area (MPO) and ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMN)are the two parts where the estrogen receptors concentrate but have opposite effects on sexual behavior. Recently estrogen receptors have been known to be located in the locus coeruleus(LC), where noradrenergic(NE) fibres terminate in the hypothalamus arising from cell bodies. The discharge rate of NE-ergic neurons in LC can be increased by electrical stimulation of MPO in a female rat at estrus stage, and decreased at diestrus stage. These studies help us to infer that VMN might have some modulation influence on NE-ergic neurons in LC. In order to study the pattern activities
