Preparation of New Poly Silicate Iron Coagulants and Their Coagulation Property on Micro-polluted Water

The sodium silicate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium chlorate and other common inorganic materials were used to synthesize two new poly silicate iron coagulants： Polysilicate Ferric Chloride （PFSiC） and Polymeric Ferric Silicate Sulfate （PFSiS）. Their coagulation effect on micro-polluted water was compared with the poly ferric choride （PFC） saled in the market. The results showed that turbidity, organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen removal rate ofPFSiC, PFSiS coagulant were better than PFC on micro-polluted water treatment at the same dosage. The coagulation effect of PFSiC was the best. The surface morphology of three coagulants was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the coagulation mechanism was discussed preliminarily.

Preparation of TiO_2 film on granulated ceramic and application of disposal in water

Early research mainly studies the performance of TiO2 power condition.As a result of using power condition TiO2,its power is slight,not easy to precipitate,and creates another pollutants.Therefore,the ceramic granulated substance carrier material was used to prepare the TiO2 thin film to carry on the water treatment to obtain the good effect.The gangue of coal was used to make the ceramic granulated substance basis,then in a ceramic granulated basis place TiO2 thin film was painted,advancing together the running water processing experiment.The test result is as follows:The TOC content reduces by above 80%,and used to filter the material to be possible to replace at will,which has obtained good effect.In the testing,using the scanning electron microscope analyzer,carrying on the superficial appearance view to the TiO2 ceramic sand leach material to scratch,finally indicated,it has some turtle crack in the TiO2 ceramic granulated substance surface,has crystal boundary surface flaw,causes it to have bigger catalytic activity.

Low molybdenum ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel for solar water heaters

In order to meet the demands of service life and the synthetical performance/price ratio of stainless steel in the solar water heater industry, the low molybdenum ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel （FSS） B445J1M was developed at Baosteel. In this study, comparative studies were carried out on the mechanical properties, the formability and the corrosion resistance of B445J1M ,304 and 444 ,and the advantages and application fields of B445J1M were summarized.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA GEL POWDERS

Silica gel powders,with particle diameter in the range 10 to 20 nm,were prepared from water glass using ethyl acetate as a latent acid reagent. The products were characterized by TGDTA, TEM, FTIR, BET and some other experiment methods. The process of silica solgel formation and the thermal behavior as well as phase change of the silica powders during heattreating process were studied, and the effect of heattreating temperature on the specific surface area and apparent density of the silica powders was investigated.

A Convenient Method for Preparing Shape-controlled ZnO Nanocrystals in a Polyol/Water Mixture System without Surfactants

A facile solution-phase route for the synthesis of shape-controlled ZnO nanocrystals in a polyol/water mixture system was developed. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that modulating the adding ways of water has a significant effect on the shape of the obtained nanocrystals. The addition of small quantity of water can increase the growth rate of crystals and leads to the formation of different shapes. The resulting shapes of the novel structures are diverse, including spheres, cones, and teardrops, all of which are obtained without any additional surfactants. These studies concerning the shape evolution of nanocrystals should be valuable for further design and for greater understanding of advanced nanoscale building-block architectures.

Preparation of Potassium Ferrate (VI) via β-Fe_2O_3

β-Fe2O3·H2O is prepared by reacting FeCl3, K2CO3, an oxidizing agent HIO4 and a metal chelating agent K3PO4 at 65~ 70℃. The prepared β-Fe2O3' H2O is introduced into the mixture of KOH, KOCl and a ferrate stabilizer KI, and reacted at room temperature for 5 h to produce a ferrate-containing cake. The cake is dried to give a water-free dried potassium ferrate (VI).

Effects of Preparation and Storage of Agar Media on the Sensitivity of Bacterial Forward Scattering Patterns

Recent worldwide foodborne outbreaks emphasize the need for the development of rapid and accurate method for pathogen detection. To address such issues, a new colony based label-free detection method working on the principles of elastic light scattering was introduced. In order to build libraries of scattering images for bacterial pathogens, it is pertinent to determine the effect of preparation and storage of the agar media on the scatter patterns. Scatter patterns of three Escherichia coli serovars (O26, O111 and O157) were studied and used in a model system, after growth on Sorbitol-MacConkey agar plates that were prepared and stored at different conditions in the laboratory. Quantitative image processing software was used to analyze variation in scatter patterns of the same serovar on media prepared under various standard laboratory conditions and to generate a cross-validation matrix for comparison. Based on the results, it was determined that attention should be given during preparation of media so that the agar plates are not air-dried more than 10 - 20 min after solidification at room temperature. The plates could be stored in sealed bags in cold room (4oC - 10oC) for up to a month before use. The findings of this study should provide guidelines in preparation, storage, and handling of media for generation of reproducible scatter patterns of bacterial colonies with the light scattering sensor for pathogen detection.

Progress of Electrocatalytic Technology in Treating Organic Chemical Wastewater

In recent years,extensive research has been conducted on the preparation of high catalytic performance electrodes and the development of electrocatalytic water treatment processes.This article introduces the basic principles of electrochemical water treatment,the preparation of electrode materials,and the research progress of electrocatalytic technology for degrading organic chemical wastewater.It analyzes the problems faced by electrocatalytic degradation of organic chemical wastewater and looks forward to the development trend of electrocatalytic technology in the field of organic chemical wastewater treatment.

不同烫漂方式及冷冻速率对预制西兰花质构品质的影响

为探究预制西兰花加工过程中烫漂方式及冷冻速率对西兰花质构品质的影响,对经2种烫漂方式(热水烫漂、蒸汽烫漂)及3种冷冻温度(-20、-40、-80℃)处理的西兰花样品,利用低场核磁共振、理化特性分析方法测定不同处理组样品的水分分布、持水性、相对电导率和硬度,观察微观结构。结果表明:维持西兰花硬度的最佳工艺为蒸汽烫漂后进行-40℃冷冻,在此工艺条件下,与对照组相比,处理组西兰花水分分布中结合水峰面积占比(A21)增加最多、持水性最强,花序部分保留66.72%硬度、茎部分保留62.53%硬度,相对电导率增加至87.01%;通过扫描电子显微镜观察发现,经过该处理的西兰花保持了较好的细胞结构。本研究得到了有效维持解冻西兰花质构的工艺,并揭示了不同处理对西兰花水分分布及细胞膜完整性影响的机制,为实际生产过程保持冷冻预制西兰花品质提供了理论与技术支撑。

Effects of Combinations of Two of Three Different Probiotics on Pond Water Quality

In order to provide reference for probiotics application in aquaculture, Bacillus subtilis （A）, Streptococcus faecalis （B） and photosynthetic bacteria （C） were prepared according to the ratios of 9：1, 4：1, 1：1, 1：4 and 1：9 with 10^5 cfu/ml as the unit of concentration into 15 mixed microecological preparations, and their effects on COD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and sulfide in pond water were investigated. The results showed that the mixed preparation of B. subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 1：4 had the best effect in treating COD （P〈0.05）, the mixed preparation of B. subtilis and S. faecalis at a ratio of 4：1 showed the best effect in treating ammonia nitrogen （P〈0.05）, the mixed preparation of S. faecalis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 4：1 showed the best effect in treating nitrite nitrogen （P〈0.05）, and the mixed preparation of Streptococcus faecalis and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 9：1 had the best effect of reducing sulfide （P〈0.05）.

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.

NF_3 decomposition over Al_2O_3 reagents without water

Several Al2O3 samples were prepared by a precipitation method coupled with ultrasonic treatment,and NF3 decomposition without water over Al2O3 reagents is carried out.The effect of preparation parameters of Al2O3 reagents,such as precipitating agents,structure directing agents,and calcining temperatures on their reactivity for NF3 decomposition has been investigated.The results show that NF3 can be decomposed completely at 400-C,and full conversion of NF3 maintains 580 min over the best Al2O3 reagent,calcined at 600-C which was prepared using both PEG-2000 and Tween-60 as structure directing agents,ammonia as a precipitating agent.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDROPHOBIC AGGLOMERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EASY DEGRADATION COAL FINES IN WATER

The separation of ultrafine coal from three Chinese coal samples of easy degradation coal fines in water has been investigated by the application of a hydrophobic agglomeration process. In addition to yielding clean coal with high recovery, this process requires significantly less oil concentration for agglomeration (less than 0.4% in oil-water weight ratio) and produces stabler agglomerates than general oil agglomeration process, the cost of the oil would no longer be an important consideration for its commercial application. Neutral diesel oil was used to make oleophilic coal particles agglomerated with good rejection of clay minerals under little oil consumption and certain agitation speed at 2000 r/min. An important advantage of this process compared with other cleaning fine coal methods is that it can extremely reduce or eliminate the effects of coal degradation and some clay minerals on coal preparation.

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Production of Catechinone Hair Dyestuff in Water/Alcohol Mixed Solution

Catechinone hair dyestuff was produced chemically from (+)-catechin by the oxidation with O2 in basic water/alcohol mixed solution. The effects of reaction conditions such as basicity, sorts of added base, temperature, alcohol molar fraction of solvent and sorts of added alcohols on the catechinone formation were studied in order to increase the efficiency of the dyestuff production. The amount of obtained catechinone increases with increasing basicity of the reaction solution. The dyestuff is obtained by adding monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, triethanol amine, l-arginine, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Na3PO4 or NaOH into the solution as a base and the most preferable base is monoethanol amine. The optimum temperature for the production in water/ethanol solution is 30°C. It was found that water-soluble alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol and tert-butyl alcohol are available for preparing the dyestuff. The optimum alcohol molar fraction of the mixed solvent used for the dye formation is 0.45 for methanol, 0.25 for ethanol and 0.20 for 2-propanol, 0.15 for 1-propanol and 0.10 for tert-butyl alcohol. The amount of the obtained dyestuff reaches a maximum at 1) 0.35 and 0.59, 2) 0.35 or 3) 0.35 mol·kg¨1 of the concentration of (+)-catechin for the 1) water/methanol, 2) water/ethanol or 3) water/1-propanol system, respectively.

粉煤灰制备高分子絮凝剂研究进展

总结了粉煤灰在酸碱体系中主要元素溶出行为。粉煤灰在酸性体系中主要浸出铝铁元素且铁元素浸出率远高于铝元素;在碱性体系中主要溶出硅铝元素且硅元素溶出率远高于铝元素。硅铝以非晶相状态存在,单独酸浸、碱溶对硅铝提取率较低,采用高温助熔结合酸浸、碱溶工艺可使硅铝断键提高元素提取率。对粉煤灰合成絮凝剂的种类进行归纳,根据粉煤灰制备絮凝剂的化学组分将其分为无机高分子絮凝剂和无机-有机杂化高分子絮凝剂,其中无机高分子絮凝剂按其阴离子系列所含酸根的数量和种类,分为一元酸、二元酸及多元酸系列,阴离子酸根以硅酸根、硫酸根、氯离子及磷酸根为主。对粉煤灰合成絮凝剂的发展及亟待解决的问题进行展望。

纤维素及纤维素纤维气凝胶的制备及其在油水分离中的应用研究进展

近年来,研究者们制备了各种吸附材料应用于溢油处理,其中气凝胶作为地球上最轻的合成固体,具有超低密度、高孔隙率和高比表面积等优点,在油水分离处理方面得到了广泛关注。纤维素作为一种廉价而丰富的天然聚合物,是制备气凝胶材料的良好原料。本文综述了纤维素气凝胶的制备方法、干燥方法以及疏水改性方法,并对纤维素气凝胶在油水分离领域的应用现状进行分析总结。

火麻仁中水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类成分的研究进展

火麻仁为药食同源中药,应用历史久远,含有丰富的火麻油、大麻素类、木脂素酰胺类、火麻蛋白、多糖等成分,具有润肠通便的功效,在食品和医药领域都表现出较好的开发前景。笔者通过查阅近10年火麻仁的相关文献报道,对其主要水溶性活性蛋白质与糖类的最新研究进行了分析整理,发现火麻仁蛋白是一种优质的植物蛋白,主要由天冬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸构成,具有通便、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗氧化等药理作用,可通过碱提(酸沉)法、盐析法、酶解法等方法提取纯化,毒理学研究证实其应用较为安全;火麻仁中水溶性总糖含量约为3%~6%,主要具有免疫调节及抗氧化作用,可通过微波辅助提取进行制备,但相关单糖组成、糖链连接等结构研究还未深入开展。

湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品研究

为实现湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品,研究了湿基α-半水石膏陈化时间、粉磨时间、浇筑料浆温度及缓凝剂掺量等工艺参数对高强石膏凝结时间和强度的影响,并确定最佳制备工艺。此外,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等微观测试手段,揭示了各因素对强度的影响机理。结果表明:陈化时间越长,石膏凝结时间越短,制品强度越低;随着粉磨时间延长,石膏凝结时间显著缩短,制品强度先升高后降低;料浆温度越高,石膏凝结时间越长,制品强度越低。最佳制备工艺:陈化时间5 min、粉磨时间20 s、料浆温度20℃。在此基础上加入0.08%(质量分数)缓凝剂能够有效地延长石膏凝结时间并提高硬化强度,制备的石膏制品性能优异,绝干抗折强度为14.1 MPa,绝干抗压强度为58.3 MPa。微观测试结果表明,各工艺参数会通过改变石膏标稠用水量和水化进程来影响石膏内部结构的密实程度和二水石膏晶体的生长发育,最终影响制品硬化强度。

注水肠镜法在实验猪肠道准备中的运用

目的 探讨一种安全、有效的肠道准备方法以提高动物模型结直肠准备质量。方法 将20头行肠镜治疗的实验猪分成A、B两组,A组仅进行禁食,不做其他处理,记录结果;15 d后B组行长透明帽联合注水肠镜对猪肠道粪便进行冲洗,清理,进而进行肠道准备。分别记录各组20例(共40例)肠道清洁程度,以及内镜医师对肠道准备的满意程度。结果 长透明帽联合注水肠镜对猪肠道粪便进行冲洗,肠道清洁效果满意,手术视野清晰,满足实验要求。结论 长透明帽联合注水肠镜在实验猪肠道手术准备中具有较高的应用价值。