Risk Factors for Geo-Helminthiasis in Children Aged 6 - 36 Months in a Rural Health District in Cameroon

Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.

家庭对3-6岁学前儿童学习品质的影响及教育对策

学习品质是学前儿童入学准备的重要内容。通过研究发现,3-6岁学前儿童学习品质存在性别、年龄和气质类型差异,尤其是易养型幼儿学习品质得分显著高于难养型幼儿;家庭养育环境对幼儿学习品质影响具有显著差异,尤其是父母受教育程度和家庭经济收入对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著;不同家庭学习环境对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著,尤其是家庭学习活动和家庭学习资源对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著;父母参与、亲子互动质量对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著。因此,学前儿童学习品质的培养应采取符合气质类型、遵循年龄规律,改善家庭养育环境、提升家庭文化资本总量,加大家庭教育投资、增进有效教育环境,增加家庭社会资本存量、提升亲子互动质量等相应策略。

3-6岁学前儿童情绪与行为问题的调查与分析——以惠州市为例

应用儿童长处与困难(SDQ)问卷(父母版),采用分层随机抽样方法,对惠州市1528名3-6岁儿童的情绪与行为问题进行调查。研究发现:惠州市3-6岁儿童情绪与行为问题异常情况比较严峻,儿童心理健康状况值得重视;不同地域、年龄学前儿童存在不同的情绪与行为问题,需要分类干预。其中农村儿童的情绪与行为问题异常情况尤为严重,需要得到广泛的关注和解决。

番禺区学龄前儿童(3～6岁)听力分析及临床听力管理模式的研究

目的:探讨番禺区学龄前儿童(3~6岁)听力分析及临床听力管理模式。方法:选取2017年1月-2018年1月本院儿童保健科负责常规体检的30家幼儿园中的3~6岁学龄前儿童7 277例作为研究对象。分析所有入组儿童的听力筛查、复诊转诊及治疗情况,同时对这部分儿童的听力管理实施"闭环式管理"模式。与2016年度的7 156例儿童听力异常发病率及复发率情况进行比较。结果:所有7 277例儿童中,6 872例(94.4%)通过听力初筛检查;405例听力初筛检查未通过儿童中,342例(84.4%)儿童未通过复查后转诊;342例转诊儿童中,分泌性中耳炎35例(10.2%),耵聍栓塞113例(33.0%),手术干预72例(21.1%),药物保守治疗122例(35.7%)。2017年度实施闭环式管理后,学龄前儿童听力异常发病率及复发率均明显低于2016年同期(P<0.05)。结论:本次7277例学龄前儿童(3~6岁)共确诊342例(4.7%)听力损失儿童,主要导致因素为分泌性中耳炎及耵聍栓塞;给予在园学龄前儿童实施闭环式管理能够有效降低听力异常的发病率及复发率。

Assessment of Usual Fruit, Vegetable and Vitamin C Intakes in a Sample of Egyptian Children: Pilot Study

The objective was to create an Egyptian database on the contributors of fruit and vegetables in the diets of preschool children and to estimate the usual daily intakes of fruits, vegetables and vitamin C. A total of 59 healthy boys and girls aged 2.5 - 6 years attending day care centers in urban Giza governorate completed the study by interviewing their mothers on 6x non-consecutive days using the 24 h dietary recall. Participants were classified according to age, gender and socioeconomic class. Prevalence of daily consumptions of fruits and vegetables amounted to 22% and 54%, respectively of the total children. The daily intakes of fruits and vegetables averaged 117.5 and 56.4 g, respectively. The consumption of different types of fruits and vegetables was unevenly distributed by different personal and social variables. Estimated daily vitamin C supply from the diet was 38 mg per child, which satisfied the respective recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of 30 mg for the first six years of life. However, the diet of 15% of the children covered less than 75% of RNI. Top fruits contributing to vitamin C were oranges, guava, watermelon, pears and grapes. Extra foods such as chipsy was consumed by 81% of the children, contributed 18% to daily vitamin C supply and also 58.6 mg sodium. A multilevel intervention strategy is warranted for promoting daily fruit and vegetable intake and healthy eating in early childhood.

家庭教养方式与幼儿心理健康的关系研究

采用儿童长处与困难问卷(Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire)、教养方式与维度问卷(Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire)及自编幼儿及家庭调查问卷,调查陕西省幼儿心理健康水平及其家庭教养方式的现状,继而探究家庭教养方式与幼儿心理健康状况之间的关联性,为预防和减少幼儿心理问题的发生,促进早期家庭养育指导提供实证依据。结果表明:家庭教养方式是幼儿心理健康水平的重要预测因素,专制型、放任型教养方式与幼儿心理风险增加相关,权威型教养方式与幼儿心理风险降低相关。建议:重视西部地区幼儿的心理健康发展,善用权威教养弱化专制教养,同时加强对家长教养方式的早期指导与干预。

学前教育:概念的混用与澄清

学前教育概念是学前教育研究和相关制度构建的基点,然而当下理论界和实务界对于学前教育、幼儿教育和早期教育等概念的混用容易误导其他领域、乃至社会大众对学前教育的认知与判断,影响相关知识谱系分类和相关政策与法律的严谨性。本文讨论了学前教育诸概念的混用及带来的严重后果,在厘清诸概念混用的现状后分析其形成原因并予以澄清。造成学前教育诸概念混用的原因有学前教育学内部缺乏身份危机和学科意识,翻译不当,规范与事实不分等。澄清学前教育诸概念需要学前教育研究者树立和强化学前教育研究的学科意识,增强其身份认同;规范翻译,厘清学前教育的外部边界;合理确定学前教育的内部范畴,慎用广义与狭义之分。

学龄前儿童血常规体检及相关血液指标检测意义分析

目的研究分析3~6岁学龄前儿童血常规体检及相关血液指标检测的意义。方法回顾性分析2017年6-9月期间在我中心进行血常规体检的3 708例学龄前儿童临床资料,采用血细胞分析仪进行血常规检查。结果经血常规体检发现,贫血678例,贫血率为5.47%,贫血儿童中,轻度650例,占95.8%;中度28例,占4.1%;正常儿童血常规指标RBC、HGB、RDW、MCHC、MCH、MCV、HCT均明显优于贫血儿童(P<0.05)。结论患儿均属缺铁性贫血,临床中需以指导儿童喂养与保健为切入点,纠正其挑食、偏食的毛病,以起到预防与治疗的作用。

3—6岁学前儿童家庭教育现状分析

学前教育是我国基础教育的重要组成部分,在儿童的成长过程中有着重要的地位和作用,而家长作为学前儿童的第一启蒙导师,家庭教育的水平与质量或多或少地会对学前教育产生较大的影响,因此,家庭教育关乎学前儿童的全面健康成长。本文在研究家庭教育相关理论的基础上对3—6岁学前儿童的家庭教育现状进行了探讨,剖析了存在的问题,并总结了存在问题的原因,最后结合我国学前教育的发展特点提出了对3—6岁学前儿童实施有效家庭教育的对策及建议,以期实现家庭教育效果的最大化。