Multi-omics-data-assisted genomic feature markers preselection improves the accuracy of genomic prediction

Background:Presently,multi-omics data(e.g.,genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are available to improve genomic predictors.Omics data not only offers new data layers for genomic prediction but also provides a bridge between organismal phenotypes and genome variation that cannot be readily captured at the genome sequence level.Therefore,using multi-omics data to select feature markers is a feasible strategy to improve the accuracy of genomic prediction.In this study,simultaneously using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and gene expression level data,four strategies for single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)preselection were investigated for genomic predictions in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel.Results:Using genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP)with complete WGS data,the prediction accuracies were 0.208±0.020(0.181±0.022)for the startle response and 0.272±0.017(0.307±0.015)for starvation resistance in the female(male)lines.Compared with GBLUP using complete WGS data,both GBLUP and the genomic feature BLUP(GFBLUP)did not improve the prediction accuracy using SNPs preselected from complete WGS data based on the results of genome-wide association studies(GWASs)or transcriptome-wide association studies(TWASs).Furthermore,by using SNPs preselected from the WGS data based on the results of the expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)mapping of all genes,only the startle response had greater accuracy than GBLUP with the complete WGS data.The best accuracy values in the female and male lines were 0.243±0.020 and 0.220±0.022,respectively.Importantly,by using SNPs preselected based on the results of the eQTL mapping of significant genes from TWAS,both GBLUP and GFBLUP resulted in great accuracy and small bias of genomic prediction.Compared with the GBLUP using complete WGS data,the best accuracy values represented increases of 60.66%and 39.09%for the starvation resistance and 27.40%and 35.36%for startle response in the female and male lines,respectively.Conclusions:Overall,multi-omics data can assist genomic feature preselection and improve the performance of genomic prediction.The new knowledge gained from this study will enrich the use of multi-omics in genomic prediction.

应用同位素方法识别高放废物处置库预选场址地下水的形成

Yemaquan region in Beishan area, Gansu province, is one of the preselected sites of disposal repository for high level radioactive waste (HLW) in our country. Hydrogeological condition is an important aspect for site evaluation and the groundwater formation is a key factor to reflect the hydrogeological conditions for a certain area. Isotopic method is the one of the important means to determine the groundwater formation. Through the sampling and analysis of shallow groundwater isotopes of Yemaquan region, combined with geological, hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics, the issue of groundwater formation in the study region was discussed. The main cognition is that the groundwater in the region was formed from the infiltration of modern rainfall and the strong evaporation was happened for the shallow groundwater, which indicates the circulation conditions were relatively good for the shallow groundwater. This cognition provides very important hydrgeological information and basis for the evaluation of Yemaquan preselected site.

Different physiopsychological changes between AMS-susceptible and AMS-resistant pre-selected Antarctic expeditioners in Tibet

Through dynamically monitoring changes of acute mountain sickness(AMS)occurrences,cardiopulmonary function and mood states from Shanghai(4 m)to Lhasa(3650 m)and Yambajan(4300 m),Tibet,we obtained physiopsychological data of the 37th Chinese Antarctic pre-selected expeditioners for Kunlun Station.Through analyzing different physiopsychological changes between AMS-susceptible(AMS-S)and AMS-resistant(AMS-R)expeditioners,we would explore indicators to screen hypoxia-susceptible expeditioners.According to AMS occurrences evaluated by Lake Louise Score(LLS)in Yambajan,we divided the expeditioners(n=24,31.92±5.76 a)into AMS-S and AMS-R groups.Using a series of medical instrumentsand questionnaires,we monitored their cardiopulmonary function and mood states,and analyzed the differences of physiopsychological parameters between AMS-S and AMS-R groups.Compared with Shanghai,when expeditioners arrived in Yambajan,in both AMS-S and AMS-R groups,oxygen saturation(SpO2)significantly decreased,and blood pressure significantly increased(P<0.05).As for electrocardiogram(ECG),interval from the beginning to the end of QRS complex wave(QRS),interval from the beginning of QRS complex wave to the end of T wave(QT),interval between 2 adjacent P waves(PP)and interval between 2 adjacent R waves(RR)significantly decreased,heart rate(HR)and HR-corrected QT interval(QTc)significantly increased(P<0.05).Cardiac contractility and pumping function significantly decreased,systemic vascular resistance significantly increased(P<0.05).Pulmonary airway patency significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with AMS-R group,AMS-S group showed significantly lower SpO2 and higher stroke volume variation(SVV)in Shanghai,however,significantly lower maximal expiratory flow at 75%of forced vital capacity(MEF75),higher levels of anxiety,fatigue and confusion in Yambajan(P<0.05).In conclusion,when expeditioners arrived at 4300 m,their cardiopulmonary function and mood states changed significantly.SpO2,SVV,MEF75,anxiety,fatigue and confusion maybe could be used as clues for screening hypoxia-susceptible individuals.

Application Study of Climatic Feasibility Demonstration of Airport Project Site Selection

According to the Technical Guide for Climatic Feasibility Demonstration of Airport Project Site Selection,via statistical analysis on historical climate data of reference weather station,climatic background characteristics and meteorological disaster situation of preselected site,and characteristics of seasonal distribution,interannual variation and long-term trend of main meteorological elements and disasters were summarized.The difference of meteorological elements between preselected site and reference weather station and its cause were analyzed,and fine analysis of fog,low visibility event,wind,cloud and other meteorological elements or weather with high influence in preselected site was conducted.Climatic feasibility,advantages and disadvantages of meteorological conditions and possible meteorological risks in preselected site were evaluated.The research could provide decision-making basis for site selection of Lingling Airport and airport engineering design.Moreover,key technology route and research results were extracted,and technical analysis process of demonstration report was integrated,which could provide reference for climate feasibility demonstration on site selection of similar airports in China.

Chang’E-2 satellite asymmetric-descent orbit control technology

To accomplish high-resolution imaging of the preselected landing area, it was necessary for the Chang＇E-2 mission to perform orbital maneuvering on the far side of the moon to meet the conditional height requirement of the imaging area. Engine shutdown would be executed invisibly on the back side of the moon if the descent maneuver mode opposite to the target perilune or the fuel optimal maneuver mode was used. To ensure the satellite safety, the project collectivety required that the engine shutdown should be designed to be executed in the domestic segmental arcs and meet the requirement of satellite emergency treatment simultaneously. Accordingly, the asymmetric-descent orbit control technology was adopted by offsetting the ma- neuver point, which obtained the orbit control parameters of finite-thrust mode with an iteration algorithm and modified the results with target perilune drift estimation. The Chang＇E-2 satellite declined to the target of 100 km×l5 km orbit successfully on 26 October 2010, and has been flying for 32 circles in the experimental orbit to accomplish the preselected landing area imaging. This paper describes the mechanism and realization method of the asymmetric-descent orbit control technology and evaluates the maneuver effect with the actual mission data.