Dynamic Compression Behavior of Ultra-high Performance Cement-based Composite with Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforcements

Ultra-high performance cement-based composites (UHPCC) is promising in construction of concrete structures that suffer impact and explosive loads.In this study,a reference UHPCC mixture with no fiber reinforcement and four mixtures with a single type of fiber reinforcement or hybrid fiber reinforcements of straight smooth and end hook type of steel fibers were prepared.Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was performed to investigate the dynamic compression behavior of UHPCC and X-CT test and 3D reconstruction technology were used to indicate the failure process of UHPCC under impact loading.Results show that UHPCC with 1% straight smooth fiber and 2% end hook fiber reinforcements demonstrated the best static and dynamic mechanical properties.When the hybrid steel fiber reinforcements are added in the concrete,it may need more impact energy to break the matrix and to pull out the fiber reinforcements,thus,the mixture with hybrid steel fiber reinforcements demonstrates excellent dynamic compressive performance.

One-dimensional dynamic compressive behavior of dry calcareous sand at high strain rates

Calcareous sand has distinct characteristics in comparison with silica sand, such as dynamic behavior at high strain rates(HSRs). This is closely related to pile driving, aircraft wheel loading and mining activities. To understand the response of calcareous sand at HSRs, a series of dynamic tests is performed using the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) with steel sleeve, including 6 validation tests of bar-against-bar and 16 comparative tests relevant to the relative density and strain rate of calcareous and silica sands.The apparent dynamic stiffness of calcareous sand is approximately 10% of that for silica sand due to different particle shapes and mineral compositions. The axial stress-strain response of silica sand is mainly governed by the deformation of individual grain and soil skeleton, and particle crushing. However, porous calcareous sand shows yielding and strain-hardening responses that are always followed by particle crushing. As the applied loading increases, the particle crushing of calcareous sand develops from local instability to whole breakage. Calcareous sand has lower viscous flow effects compared with silica sand at HSRs.

Dynamic compressive property and failure behavior of extruded Mg-Gd-Y alloy under high temperatures and high strain rates

For the purpose of investigating the dynamic deformational behavior and failure mechanisms of magnesium under high strain rates,the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)was used for investigating dynamic mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium alloy at ambient temperature(300 K),200℃(473 K)and 300℃(573 K)temperature.The samples after compression were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and metallographic microscope.Dynamic mechanical properties,crack performance and plastic deformation mechanism of extruded Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium alloy along the extrusion direction(ED)were discussed.The results show that,extruded Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium alloy has the largest dynamic compressive strength which is 535 MPa at ambient temperature(300 K)and strain rate of 2826 s^(−1).When temperature increases,dynamic compressive strength decreases,while ductility increases.The dynamic compression fracture mechanism of extruded Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium alloy is multi-crack propagation and intergranular quasi-cleavage fracture at both ambient temperature and high temperature.The dynamic compressive deformation mechanism of extruded Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium alloy is a combination of twinning,slipping and dynamic recrystallization at both ambient temperature and high temperature.

Centrifuge modeling of dynamic behavior of pile-reinforced slopes during earthquakes

A series of centrifuge model tests of sandy slopes were conducted to study the dynamic behavior of pile-reinforced slopes subjected to various motions.Time histories of accelerations,bending moments and pile earth pressures were obtained during excitation of the adjusted El Centro earthquake and a cyclic motion.Under a realistic earthquake,the overall response of the pile-reinforced slope is lower than that of the non-reinforced slope.The histories of bending moments and dynamic earth pressures reach their maximums soon after shaking started and then remain roughly stable until the end of shaking.Maximum moments occur at the height of 3.5 m,which is the deeper section of the pile,indicating the interface between the active loading and passive resistance regions.The dynamic earth pressures above the slope base steadily increase with the increase of height of pile.For the model under cyclic input motion,response amplitudes at different locations in the slope are almost the same,indicating no significant response amplification.Both the bending moment and earth pressure increase gradually over a long period.

Physical and dynamic mechanical behaviors of marble after heat treatment in quasi-vacuum and air-filled environments

The dynamic mechanical properties of rock specimens after thermal treatment in the air-filled environment(AE:i.e.,at the free surface)have been extensively investigated,yet they are rarely estimated in the quasi-vacuum environment(VE:i.e.,far from free surface),which is of special importance in engineering practice.Several precise laboratory tests(i.e.,split Hopkinson pressure bar test)on marble samples in both AE and VE were performed to investigate physical and dynamic mechanical behaviors of marble after heat treatment(25℃ to 900℃)in AE and VE.The tests results demonstrate that related properties of marble could be divided into three different stages by corresponding critical temperatures of 300℃ and 600℃,at which heat damage factors are 0.29(0.30)and 0.88(0.92)in VE(AE),respectively.The thermal damage developes more fully in AE than in VE.The thermal environment plays an important role,especially in Stage 3.Specifically,a conspicuous difference(greater than 20%)between AE and VE occurs in corresponding dynamic strength and the anti-deformation capacities of tested marble specimen.The influence of heat damage of rock is very important and valuable in engineering practice,particularly when the temperature is very high(greater than 600℃).

Dynamic response characteristics of dry and watersaturated schist under impact loading

Many geological engineering hazards are closely related to the dynamic mechanical properties of rock materials.However,most existing studies on the dynamic mechanical properties of rock materials were conducted on the hard rocks such as sandstone,granite,limestone,and marble,whereas soft rocks,such as schist,are less studied.Therefore,in this study,a series of triaxial impact tests were conducted on dry and saturated schist by employing a modified triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar system to reveal the coupling effects of water,strain rate,and triaxial confining pressure on the mechanical properties of schist.The results show that schist is a type of watersensitive rock and the stress-strain curve of saturated schist has apparent ductility.The effects of strain rate on dynamic strain,deformation modulus and peak stress were analyzed.The results also show that the dynamic peak stress is affected by the combined softening effect and viscous effect of water under impact loading.Finally,it was found that the failure mode of schist belongs to typical axial tensile failure under uniaxial impact tests,and shear failure is the main failure mode under triaxial impact tests.With the increase in confining pressure,the failure modes of schist change from tensile failure to shear failure.This research can provide useful parameters for geological engineering hazard prevention in mountain areas.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

动压相似对缩比飞行的影响

模型飞行试验作为空气动力学研究的重要手段之一,正逐步成为新型飞机研发中一种有效和低风险的技术途径。目前低速飞行试验技术已经相对成熟,而高速飞行试验尚存在许多困难。本文分析结果显示,来流动压对缩比飞行试验具有显著影响。动压相似保证缩比飞机与原型机表现出相似的动力学特性,但同时也限制了缩比飞机的飞行性能。研究发现,对于本文中的高升阻比飞机,通过飞行方案设计,缩比飞机能够克服动压相似带来的约束,获得与原型机相仿甚至超过原型机的飞行性能,对后续开展其他缩比模型飞行试验具有一定的借鉴意义,同时可为我国低成本高性能靶标系统建设提供技术支持。

正多边形微孔织构化端面密封性能数值计算

针对表面织构提升机械密封端面的流体动压和密封性能的问题,提出了一种正多边形表面织构,通过建立正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面模型;利用数值模拟的方法计算了正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面的流体压力分布;研究了正多边形织构对机械密封的密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:当织构面积比S=(12~16)%,织构深度h_(p)≈3μm,密封间隙h_(0)≈2μm时,正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面的密封性能较好;正五边形织构与正三边形织构和正四边形织构相比,在高压一侧有较大的高压区域;正五边形织构相较于正三边形织构、正四边形织构有较好的密封性能。

自激非平稳振动数据驱动的拉索动力性能表征

跨海斜拉桥的拉索在非极端风环境下会产生自激振动,基于现代监测与数据分析技术可即时把握拉索自激振动的数字特征,并以此反映拉索的实时动力性能。根据某跨海大桥主航道斜拉桥拉索振动加速度长期监测数据中的共性特征,提出基于振动加速度时间序列信号上包络线高斯混合模型和频域功率谱的拉索风致自激振动非平稳段自动提取方法。提出基于各自激振动非平稳时间序列进行主导频率识别,并采用带通滤波后的最后1个下降段数据进行阻尼比识别的策略,排除了振动幅值上升段环境风自然激励带入能量对阻尼比识别的干扰。基于各自激振动非平稳段主导频率-阻尼比的识别结果,通过对频率值进行聚类,得到各阶模态对应的模态频率-阻尼比数据簇。根据阻尼比数据的离散、偏态特征提出采用对数正态分布模型的e^(μ)和其累积分布函数的分位值来描述拉索阻尼比统计规律。采用各数据簇的频率质心以及阻尼比概率特征参数作为表征拉索动力性能当前状态的指标。针对背景工程的主要结论包括:桥梁拉索振动加速度信号噪声强、干扰大,在动力特征分析时须排除类似干扰;桥梁拉索的自激振动加速度幅值最高已超过3000 mm/s^(2),振动幅度较大;桥梁拉索的阻尼比平均水平约为0.03%,与设计规范推荐值相比偏低。

SiC高温压力传感器动态性能研究

面向航空发动机测试等恶劣复杂测试环境中动态压力测试需求,本文从芯片及封装结构设计、性能模拟仿真、器件制作工艺及传感器动态性能测试方面对碳化硅(SiC)高温压力传感器动态性能进行了系统研究。仿真结果表明:传感器频响为32.4kHz,上升时间为40μs。测试结果表明:传感器的频响不低于5kHz,上升时间为93μs。此传感器具有动态响应频率高、冲击信号响应速度快特点,为航空发动机内脉动压力测量提供了技术支持。

粉煤灰高性能混凝土动态压缩性能试验研究

为研究冲击荷载下高性能混凝土抗压性能,利用分离式霍普金森压杆对C30、C40、C50强度等级的普通混凝土(NC)和高性能混凝土(HPC)进行了5种应变率下的动态压缩性能试验,并与各类试件的静态抗压强度、弹性模量进行对比分析,还采用LS-DYNA有限元软件对冲击压缩试验进行了模拟。结果表明HPC的静态抗压强度和弹性模量均明显优于NC,HPC更加密实,抵抗变形能力更强。随应变率增加,混凝土动态抗压强度提高,提高幅度越大其破坏程度更严重。NC和HPC的动态抗压强度、动态弹性模量均有明显的应变率效应。受粉煤灰和硅灰的影响,HPC的弹性模量增长因子随应变率的变化不大。模拟结果反映了HPC-50抵抗动态冲击压缩的能力优于NC-50,模拟的破坏规律与实际试验中的破坏规律具有一致性。

超高性能混凝土动态压缩试验与损伤分析

为探究超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)在动态压缩下的损伤特性,该文利用霍普金森压杆装置研究了不同应变率(52~368 s-1)下的动态压缩力学性能,并基于数字图像相关技术对试件的破坏过程进行分析。结果表明:在冲击荷载下,UHPC试件破坏后,仍能保持完整;UHPC动态抗压强度和韧性表现出明显的应变率敏感性;随着应变率的增加,钢纤维能够更好地吸收冲击能量并抑制临界应变的增大;裂缝发展受应变率影响较大,裂缝最终宽度随应变率的增加不断增加,低应变率下裂缝最终宽度并非其最大宽度。该研究可为UHPC服役性能和损伤评估提供理论支撑。

基于分子动力学方法的致密砂岩储层CO_(2)驱油研究进展

随着致密砂岩储层CO_(2)-EOR项目的不断增加,亟需对CO_(2)与致密砂岩储层流体在孔隙介质中的相互作用机理进行研究,但室内实验难以观察到CO_(2)与流体在孔隙通道中的动态过程,而分子动力学模拟则可以弥补传统实验和数值方法的不足。为此,围绕该方法在CO_(2)-EOR研究中的2大重点——界面行为与受限空间运移行为,对包括萃取、溶胀、降黏、降低界面张力、最小混相压力、润湿性等6个方面界面行为的相关研究成果进行了系统梳理,结合前人对CO_(2)与致密砂岩储层流体在受限空间中运移行为的研究成果,提出了分子动力学在致密砂岩储层CO_(2)-EOR研究中的关键科学问题。研究结果表明:①分子动力学能够很好地将CO_(2)萃取原油中—轻烃组分的过程进行可视化,建议根据原油实际组分构成分析CO_(2)的萃取能力,从而弄清CO_(2)萃取原油中各组分的优先顺序及效率;②有关CO_(2)分子对原油溶胀降黏作用的研究,大多数成果中的原油组分体系较为单一,建议根据实际储层的原油组分,系统探讨高温高压条件下CO_(2)的溶胀降黏作用;③对于CO_(2)与油水两相之间界面张力的研究更多是在体相中进行展开,而在纳米受限空间界面行为的研究还有待完善;④有关地层水在孔隙壁面的润湿性研究,对不同因素之间的协同效应影响润湿性的机理尚不明确。结论认为,随着量子力学研究的不断深入以及计算性能的日益强大,该方法可以在更大尺度上进行复杂体系的计算,以其为基础的油藏、页岩油气藏CO_(2)-EOR机理等研究将会取得较大的突破。

开孔方式对层装蜜桃差压预冷性能的影响

为探究市场通用瓦楞纸箱的开孔方式对层装蜜桃预冷性能的综合影响,确定预冷环境参数与预冷性能间的函数关系以及不同工况条件下最佳的开孔包装,实现果实采后快速节能预冷,本研究基于计算流体力学构建了圆形开孔(circular vent,CV)和矩形开孔(rectangle vent,RV)的热质传递差压预冷数值模型。通过对比分析实验与模拟数据,得知两者间的最大均方根误差为0.799℃,平均绝对百分比误差为6.6%,这充分验证了该数值模型具有较高的预测精准度。通过探讨不同开孔方式下箱内温度与流场分布情况,发现CV的预冷均匀性差于RV,但其预冷时间和风机能耗却分别减少了30%~40%和50%,且与差压呈幂函数关系。由此可知,在选择包装箱时,若更注重预冷品质,应选择RV;若要节约预冷成本,应选择CV。若两者都要兼顾,则需CV直径大于35 mm。该研究为中小型果园合理选择包装箱开孔方式以及精准监控果实预冷性能提供了理论参考依据。

基于结构变形理论的深海连接器O形圈密封性能研究

深海连接器是保证海洋装备能够正常运行的信号传输设备,而深海连接器的正常运行在很大程度上依赖于O形圈的密封性能。为此,对深海高压环境导致O形圈发生形变,从而严重影响O形圈的密封性能问题进行了研究。首先,基于结构变形理论,分析了环境压力对于密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的影响变化;然后,基于有限元法建立了O形密封圈的非线性动密封模型,分析研究了模型网格划分对于模拟结果准确性的影响;接着,分析了结构变形与环境压力之间的关系曲线;最后,研究分析了材料性能、环境压力与密封结构尺寸对于动密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:当网格的实际值为47745,测定值为21685、37934、50707时,其模拟计算结果的误差值均小于2%;密封结构变形和O形圈压缩量的模拟值与理论值的曲线趋势基本一致;材料性能与环境压力的变化会影响动密封性能,在密封结构尺寸中,增大沟槽圆角半径可以增强O形圈的动密封性能。该研究结果可为深海高压环境下O形密封圈的设计与优化提供参考与理论支持。

单叶风阀调节性能试验研究

文章主要研究了不同规格的单叶风阀在不同开度或风量下的调节性能。本文在保持风量不变的情况下,通过改变风阀的开度,测试了风管内部压力、风速、阻力等参数,以及在开度不变的情况下改变风量,测试了不同开度下风管内部压力、风速、阻力等参数。找到了不同工况下,风管内部气流从距离阀门6倍管径处开始稳定,以及风阀阻力、风速随风阀开度变化的规律基本呈“指数型”,风阀阻力随风量变化的规律基本呈“线性”,风阀调节对管路影响的不敏感区处于0°~45°,敏感区域处于45°~80°。以上结论在200×200 mm与300×300 mm规格的方形风管与阀门中均成立。

创新项目中团队绩效压力对团队成员不道德亲团队行为的影响研究

基于道德决策过程,通过对96个创新项目团队的486个样本的分析,围绕团队绩效压力对团队成员不道德亲团队行为的影响展开了研究。研究结果发现:团队绩效压力对团队成员不道德亲团队行为具有显著正向影响,团队成员道德推脱在其中起部分中介作用;团队认同正向调节团队绩效压力与团队成员道德推脱之间的正向关系,团队成员底线心态正向调节道德推脱与不道德亲团队行为之间的正向关系。

数字技术融合、动态技术群落对产业高质量创新的影响

数字经济时代,数据资源的开放与共享特征,使得创新主体能够及时快速地获取创新知识,从而推动创新合作从顺序线性模式转变为多层网状模式,“群式”创新范式蓬勃兴起。深度数实融合背景下,如何依托技术群落的动态配置实现产业高质量创新是亟待解决的重要议题。研究基于HimmPat全球专利智能检索分析平台,获取新能源产业2000—2022年间的1416820条专利数据,构建166个专利引用网络,执行层级回归分析,检验数字技术融合、动态群落对产业创新绩效的影响。结果表明:数字技术融合正向影响产业创新绩效;群内成员变动和成员跨群流动均正向调节数字技术融合对产业创新绩效的正向作用。研究发现,治理产业创新网络中技术群落的动态行为有助于提升数字化情境下的产业创新绩效。

导向轮预压力对APM车辆动力学性能的影响研究

本文分析了APM车辆转向架的结构,建立了APM车辆动力学仿真模型,分析了导向轮预压力变化对车辆曲线通过性和运行平稳性的影响。结果表明:预压力设置过大会增大导向轮径向力和导向力矩,导向性能差;预压力为零或轮轨存在间隙会使导向轮径向力和导向力矩瞬态响应过大,车辆运行姿态左右摆动;走行轮最大侧偏力随导向轮预压力增加而增大;导向轮预压力为零或轮轨存在间隙会导致车辆横向平稳性恶化。综合考虑,导向轮应设置一定的预压力,但不能过大,推荐预压力600N~1800N。