为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组...为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组的运行特性并建立基于可解释增强机和鸟群算法的双抽-抽背热电联产机组负荷优化模型,最后以典型日热电负荷优化任务为例,给出双机热电负荷优化结果。结果表明:当保持双抽机组的中压流量不变,存在中压流量极限值10.39t/h,使低压流量与电功率的运行区域只受到最大主蒸汽流量、最小凝汽量以及最小主蒸汽流量的限制;存在中压流量极限值59.26t/h,使运行区域只受最大主蒸汽流量和最小凝汽量限制;当双机总中压流量一定时,双抽-抽背机组的联合运行区域可以用极限工况即抽背机组承担最大中压流量,双抽机组承担剩余中压流量来近似表示。该优化方法与热电负荷平均分配方案对比,典型日可以降低1148.58GJ热耗,发电标准煤耗率由212.10g/(kW·h)降低为209.05g/(kW·h),可以节省标煤3.05g/(kW·h)。展开更多
The present work is based on the third-order partial differential equation (PDE) of acoustics of viscoelastic solids for the quasi-equilibrium (QE) component of the average normal stress. This PDE includes the stress-...The present work is based on the third-order partial differential equation (PDE) of acoustics of viscoelastic solids for the quasi-equilibrium (QE) component of the average normal stress. This PDE includes the stress-relaxation time (SRT) for the material and is applicable at any value of the SRT. The notion of a smart deicing system (SDS) for blade shells (BSs) of a wind turbine is specified. The work considers the stress in a BS as the one caused by the operational load on the BS. The work develops key design issues of a prospective ice-detection system (IDS) able to supply an array of the heating elements of an SDS with the element-individual spatiotemporal data and procedures for identification of the material parameters of atmospheric-ice (AI) layer accreted on the outer surfaces of the BSs. Both the SDS and IDS flexibly allow for complex, curvilinear and space-time-varying shapes of BSs. The proposed IDS presumes monitoring of the QE components of the normal stresses in BSs. The IDS is supposed to include an array of pressure-sensing resistors, also known as force-sensing resistors (FSRs), and communication hardware, as well as the parameter-identification software package (PISP), which provides the identification on the basis of the aforementioned PDE and the data measured by the FSRs. The IDS does not have hardware components located outside the outer surfaces of, or implanted in, BSs. The FSR array and communication hardware are reliable, and both cost- and energy-efficient. The present work extends methods of structural-health/operational-load monitoring (SH/OL-M) with measurements of the operational-load-caused stress in closed solid shells and, if the prospective PISP is used, endows the methods with identification of material parameters of the shells. The identification algorithms that can underlie the PISP are computationally efficient and suitable for implementation in the real-time mode. The identification model and algorithms can deal with not only the single-layer systems such as the BS layer without the AI layer or two-layer systems but also multi-layer systems. The outcomes can be applied to not only BSs of wind turbines but also non-QE closed single- or multi-layer deformable solid shells of various engineering systems (e.g., the shells of driver or passenger compartments of ships, cars, busses, airplanes, and other vehicles). The proposed monitoring of the normal-stress QE component in the mentioned shells extends the methods of SH/OL-M. The topic for the nearest research is a better adjustment of the settings for the FSR-based measurement of the mentioned components and a calibration of the parameter-identification model and algorithms, as well as the resulting improvement of the PISP.展开更多
文摘为挖掘混合类型热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低发电成本,通过EBSILON软件搭建60MW双抽(double-extraction condensing unit,CC)-抽背(extraction condensing unit with a high back-pressure,CB)热电联产机组的仿真模型,研究该联合机组的运行特性并建立基于可解释增强机和鸟群算法的双抽-抽背热电联产机组负荷优化模型,最后以典型日热电负荷优化任务为例,给出双机热电负荷优化结果。结果表明:当保持双抽机组的中压流量不变,存在中压流量极限值10.39t/h,使低压流量与电功率的运行区域只受到最大主蒸汽流量、最小凝汽量以及最小主蒸汽流量的限制;存在中压流量极限值59.26t/h,使运行区域只受最大主蒸汽流量和最小凝汽量限制;当双机总中压流量一定时,双抽-抽背机组的联合运行区域可以用极限工况即抽背机组承担最大中压流量,双抽机组承担剩余中压流量来近似表示。该优化方法与热电负荷平均分配方案对比,典型日可以降低1148.58GJ热耗,发电标准煤耗率由212.10g/(kW·h)降低为209.05g/(kW·h),可以节省标煤3.05g/(kW·h)。
文摘The present work is based on the third-order partial differential equation (PDE) of acoustics of viscoelastic solids for the quasi-equilibrium (QE) component of the average normal stress. This PDE includes the stress-relaxation time (SRT) for the material and is applicable at any value of the SRT. The notion of a smart deicing system (SDS) for blade shells (BSs) of a wind turbine is specified. The work considers the stress in a BS as the one caused by the operational load on the BS. The work develops key design issues of a prospective ice-detection system (IDS) able to supply an array of the heating elements of an SDS with the element-individual spatiotemporal data and procedures for identification of the material parameters of atmospheric-ice (AI) layer accreted on the outer surfaces of the BSs. Both the SDS and IDS flexibly allow for complex, curvilinear and space-time-varying shapes of BSs. The proposed IDS presumes monitoring of the QE components of the normal stresses in BSs. The IDS is supposed to include an array of pressure-sensing resistors, also known as force-sensing resistors (FSRs), and communication hardware, as well as the parameter-identification software package (PISP), which provides the identification on the basis of the aforementioned PDE and the data measured by the FSRs. The IDS does not have hardware components located outside the outer surfaces of, or implanted in, BSs. The FSR array and communication hardware are reliable, and both cost- and energy-efficient. The present work extends methods of structural-health/operational-load monitoring (SH/OL-M) with measurements of the operational-load-caused stress in closed solid shells and, if the prospective PISP is used, endows the methods with identification of material parameters of the shells. The identification algorithms that can underlie the PISP are computationally efficient and suitable for implementation in the real-time mode. The identification model and algorithms can deal with not only the single-layer systems such as the BS layer without the AI layer or two-layer systems but also multi-layer systems. The outcomes can be applied to not only BSs of wind turbines but also non-QE closed single- or multi-layer deformable solid shells of various engineering systems (e.g., the shells of driver or passenger compartments of ships, cars, busses, airplanes, and other vehicles). The proposed monitoring of the normal-stress QE component in the mentioned shells extends the methods of SH/OL-M. The topic for the nearest research is a better adjustment of the settings for the FSR-based measurement of the mentioned components and a calibration of the parameter-identification model and algorithms, as well as the resulting improvement of the PISP.
