Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most common hospital-acquired problems that occur in patients with mobility limitations. Such wounds can produce pain and deterioration of the underlying condition. Sometimes, they ...Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most common hospital-acquired problems that occur in patients with mobility limitations. Such wounds can produce pain and deterioration of the underlying condition. Sometimes, they can be life-threatening, and their treatment can impose a financial burden on both the patient’s family and society. Nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice are the most important weapons to fight this preventable burden of PU among patients with impaired mobility. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PU prevention and treatment at Clinique Prince Louis Rwagasore (CPLR) in Bujumbura, Burundi. A cross-sectional study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to invite all 28 qualified nurses and nurses’ aids who work in the services where critically ill patients are admitted to participate. A questionnaire was created, and underwent evaluation of face validity before using it to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results revealed that nurses’ knowledge and practice scores were low as participants scored less than 50% on the six knowledge items and the six practice items. However, the attitude scores were greater than 65% on the five items used to evaluate attitude. A strong negative correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude scores (r = ?0.479, p = 0.015). Education level was negatively associated with nurses’ knowledge and practice scores of PU prevention and treatment. A high attitude score did not correlate with a higher practice score which might be explained by low knowledge scores (less than 50% on knowledge items). Continuous professional development (CPD) was recommended to improve nurses’ knowledge scores and implementation of PU preventive practices at CPLR.展开更多
Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) has clinical complications for patients, in addition to cost and quality related consequences for healthcare organizations. PU is defined as a pressure injury is localized damage to the...Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) has clinical complications for patients, in addition to cost and quality related consequences for healthcare organizations. PU is defined as a pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other devices. The estimated prevalence of PUs among 918,621 patients declined from 13.5% in 2006 to 9.3% in 2015. Aim: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dressing and topical agent to prevent pressure ulcer, for hospitalized adults are at risk to develop a pressure ulcer. Methods: The review considered the randomized clinical trial (RCT), quasi pretest-posttest, and descriptive studies published in English. Participants in the studies were adult, aged over 18 years, considered to be a risk to develop PU, have no PU at the onset of the study, and managed at any healthcare setting. The primary outcome measured in the included studies was considered as the incidence of hospital acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU). Results: The review result out of five RCT and three non-RCT studies. Conclusion: The reviewed trials showed low certainty of imprecision. No definite preventive intervention to prevent PU among patients who at risk to develop PU. And the non-RCT studies, the findings indicate significant results of two studies, but due to the methodological context of non-RCT studies, the findings may not be granted to be generalized. The external factors at each study may affect the effectiveness of the intervention. Also, third study showed no significance of the intervention between groups.展开更多
Background:Pressure ulcers are skin lesions generated by ischemic conditions caused by pressure on soft tissues.Several studies have investigated complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)as preventative and treatmen...Background:Pressure ulcers are skin lesions generated by ischemic conditions caused by pressure on soft tissues.Several studies have investigated complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)as preventative and treatment measures for pressure ulcers.Therefore,we systematically reviewed the CAM literature in preventing and treating pressure ulcers.Methods:All clinical trial studies which used CAM were included.We searched different databases,including Scientific Information Database,Irandoc,Google Scholar,PubMed,Medline,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Science Direct.The following keywords were used:“complementary and alternative medicine-CAM”,“integrative medicine”,“traditional medicine”,“pressure ulcer”,“bedsore”,“pressure sore healing”,and“prevention”.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2015 checklist was used to perform analyses.Results:After screening,35 studies were selected.Our investigations suggested that honey,medicinal plants,such as resin salve,Angelica dahurica,Aloe vera,fruits,herbal oils,a combination of several traditional medicine methods,sheepskin,maggot therapy,massage,charcoal,and acupuncture were the most common CAM methods.Conclusion:CAM strategies can prevent and treat pressure ulcers.They reduce wound size,exudate and necrotic tissue levels,inflammation,pain,bleeding,and infections.展开更多
External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper preventi...External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.展开更多
Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mine...Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides, environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2, CO, SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence, it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper, the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation, the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection, prevention, sealing, injection and pressure adjustment. However, various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors, so in this paper, analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines, green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.展开更多
Background: People may use a wheelchair when they need assistance with mobility. Some users have to remain seated in their wheelchair for most of their awake time and for a lot of activities. The need for a well fitte...Background: People may use a wheelchair when they need assistance with mobility. Some users have to remain seated in their wheelchair for most of their awake time and for a lot of activities. The need for a well fitted and supportive wheelchair is important and, for those who use the wheelchair for many hours, peak pressure distribution is of interest to prevent pressure ulcers and discomfort. Aim: To describe how high local peak pressures may be distributed over risk areas for pressure ulcers in different wheelchair settings. Methods: Two groups of healthy adults were recruited (40 elderly and 30 younger individuals). Two standard models of manual wheelchairs were used together with two types of wheelchair cushions. Results: The elderly group had a higher peak pressure over the ischial tuberosity and increased posterior pelvic rotation in the shaped seat cushion. Both groups had higher peak pressure over the trochanter in the shaped seat cushion. Peak pressure was also higher over the coccyx for the elderly in the shaped seat cushion compared with the plain cushion;this was lower for the younger group. Discussion: The results indicate that age might influence the important physical prerequisites when fitting a wheelchair to an individual.展开更多
AIM To establish an experimental model of stress ulcer produced by explosive noise, and to probe into its mechanism and protection. METHODS The country standard Wistar white rats were randomly divided into control ...AIM To establish an experimental model of stress ulcer produced by explosive noise, and to probe into its mechanism and protection. METHODS The country standard Wistar white rats were randomly divided into control group ( n =8), which were neither stimulated nor protected, and stimulating group (divided into subgroups A, B and C, including 8 rats each which were decapitated to draw blood for test immediately, 12 hours and 24 hours after stimulation) and prevention group (divided into subgroups A, B and C, having 8 rats each, subgroup A was given cimetidine, B anisodamine and C both drugs). Firing noises of submachine guns were used as inflicting factor. The rats were fasted for 24 hours and stimulated by firing noise for 12 hours. The change of ulcer index, gastric mucosal and related serum hormones were observed. RESULTS Stress ulcer was significant in the stimulating group, and its ulcer index (8 6±0 6) was remarkably higher than that in both the control group and prevention group (0 3±0 1, P <0 01). Its serum gastrin (Gas ng/L , 294±163 vs 63±40, P <0 01) and endothelin (ET ng/L , 181±57 vs 135±42, P <0 01) were apparently higher than those in the control group, and its serum nitric oxide (NO) level was conspicuously lower than that in the control group ( ng/L , 0 2±0 1 vs 0 8±0 5, P <0 05), while the serum gastrin level ( ng/L , 556±225) in prevention group was distinctly higher than that in both the control ( P <0 01) and stimulating group ( P <0 05). There were no significant differences in the changes of ET and NO between the control and the stimulating groups. CONCLUSION Stress ulcer model of rats can be successfully established by the stimulation of explosive noise. Gas, ET and NO are related to the formation of stress ulcer, and play an important role in its mechanism. Hepatic function affected by noise is observed in this experiment.展开更多
Measured to control serious coal-gas outburst in coal seam were analyzed by theory and experimented in test site.A new technique to distress the coal-bed and drain methane,called hydraulic slotting,was described in de...Measured to control serious coal-gas outburst in coal seam were analyzed by theory and experimented in test site.A new technique to distress the coal-bed and drain methane,called hydraulic slotting,was described in detail,and the mechanism of hydrau- lic slotting was put forward and analyzed.The characteristic parameter of hydraulic slotting was given in Jiaozuo mining area and the characteristic of validity,adaptability and secu- rity was evaluated.The results show that the stress surrounding the strata and the gas in coal seam is released efficiently and thoroughly while new techniques are taken,as slot- ting at heading face by high pressure large diameter jet.The resistance to coal and gas outbursts is increased dramatically once the area of slotting is increased to a certain size. In the process of driving 2 000 m tunnel by hydraulic slotting excavation,coal and gas outburst never occurre.The technique could be used to prevent and control potential coal-gas outburst in the proceeding of tunnel driving,and the speed tunneling could be as high as more than 2 times.展开更多
文摘Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most common hospital-acquired problems that occur in patients with mobility limitations. Such wounds can produce pain and deterioration of the underlying condition. Sometimes, they can be life-threatening, and their treatment can impose a financial burden on both the patient’s family and society. Nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice are the most important weapons to fight this preventable burden of PU among patients with impaired mobility. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PU prevention and treatment at Clinique Prince Louis Rwagasore (CPLR) in Bujumbura, Burundi. A cross-sectional study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to invite all 28 qualified nurses and nurses’ aids who work in the services where critically ill patients are admitted to participate. A questionnaire was created, and underwent evaluation of face validity before using it to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results revealed that nurses’ knowledge and practice scores were low as participants scored less than 50% on the six knowledge items and the six practice items. However, the attitude scores were greater than 65% on the five items used to evaluate attitude. A strong negative correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude scores (r = ?0.479, p = 0.015). Education level was negatively associated with nurses’ knowledge and practice scores of PU prevention and treatment. A high attitude score did not correlate with a higher practice score which might be explained by low knowledge scores (less than 50% on knowledge items). Continuous professional development (CPD) was recommended to improve nurses’ knowledge scores and implementation of PU preventive practices at CPLR.
文摘Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) has clinical complications for patients, in addition to cost and quality related consequences for healthcare organizations. PU is defined as a pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other devices. The estimated prevalence of PUs among 918,621 patients declined from 13.5% in 2006 to 9.3% in 2015. Aim: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dressing and topical agent to prevent pressure ulcer, for hospitalized adults are at risk to develop a pressure ulcer. Methods: The review considered the randomized clinical trial (RCT), quasi pretest-posttest, and descriptive studies published in English. Participants in the studies were adult, aged over 18 years, considered to be a risk to develop PU, have no PU at the onset of the study, and managed at any healthcare setting. The primary outcome measured in the included studies was considered as the incidence of hospital acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU). Results: The review result out of five RCT and three non-RCT studies. Conclusion: The reviewed trials showed low certainty of imprecision. No definite preventive intervention to prevent PU among patients who at risk to develop PU. And the non-RCT studies, the findings indicate significant results of two studies, but due to the methodological context of non-RCT studies, the findings may not be granted to be generalized. The external factors at each study may affect the effectiveness of the intervention. Also, third study showed no significance of the intervention between groups.
文摘Background:Pressure ulcers are skin lesions generated by ischemic conditions caused by pressure on soft tissues.Several studies have investigated complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)as preventative and treatment measures for pressure ulcers.Therefore,we systematically reviewed the CAM literature in preventing and treating pressure ulcers.Methods:All clinical trial studies which used CAM were included.We searched different databases,including Scientific Information Database,Irandoc,Google Scholar,PubMed,Medline,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Science Direct.The following keywords were used:“complementary and alternative medicine-CAM”,“integrative medicine”,“traditional medicine”,“pressure ulcer”,“bedsore”,“pressure sore healing”,and“prevention”.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2015 checklist was used to perform analyses.Results:After screening,35 studies were selected.Our investigations suggested that honey,medicinal plants,such as resin salve,Angelica dahurica,Aloe vera,fruits,herbal oils,a combination of several traditional medicine methods,sheepskin,maggot therapy,massage,charcoal,and acupuncture were the most common CAM methods.Conclusion:CAM strategies can prevent and treat pressure ulcers.They reduce wound size,exudate and necrotic tissue levels,inflammation,pain,bleeding,and infections.
基金This project was funded by Consulting Research Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering:Research on Innovative Development Strategy of Urban Safety Engineering(Project number:2020-02)。
文摘External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.
基金funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574279)Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Chongqing China (No. cstc2013jcyjjq90001)Open project by State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing University (No. 2011DA105287-FW201302)
文摘Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides, environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2, CO, SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence, it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper, the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation, the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection, prevention, sealing, injection and pressure adjustment. However, various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors, so in this paper, analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines, green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.
文摘Background: People may use a wheelchair when they need assistance with mobility. Some users have to remain seated in their wheelchair for most of their awake time and for a lot of activities. The need for a well fitted and supportive wheelchair is important and, for those who use the wheelchair for many hours, peak pressure distribution is of interest to prevent pressure ulcers and discomfort. Aim: To describe how high local peak pressures may be distributed over risk areas for pressure ulcers in different wheelchair settings. Methods: Two groups of healthy adults were recruited (40 elderly and 30 younger individuals). Two standard models of manual wheelchairs were used together with two types of wheelchair cushions. Results: The elderly group had a higher peak pressure over the ischial tuberosity and increased posterior pelvic rotation in the shaped seat cushion. Both groups had higher peak pressure over the trochanter in the shaped seat cushion. Peak pressure was also higher over the coccyx for the elderly in the shaped seat cushion compared with the plain cushion;this was lower for the younger group. Discussion: The results indicate that age might influence the important physical prerequisites when fitting a wheelchair to an individual.
文摘AIM To establish an experimental model of stress ulcer produced by explosive noise, and to probe into its mechanism and protection. METHODS The country standard Wistar white rats were randomly divided into control group ( n =8), which were neither stimulated nor protected, and stimulating group (divided into subgroups A, B and C, including 8 rats each which were decapitated to draw blood for test immediately, 12 hours and 24 hours after stimulation) and prevention group (divided into subgroups A, B and C, having 8 rats each, subgroup A was given cimetidine, B anisodamine and C both drugs). Firing noises of submachine guns were used as inflicting factor. The rats were fasted for 24 hours and stimulated by firing noise for 12 hours. The change of ulcer index, gastric mucosal and related serum hormones were observed. RESULTS Stress ulcer was significant in the stimulating group, and its ulcer index (8 6±0 6) was remarkably higher than that in both the control group and prevention group (0 3±0 1, P <0 01). Its serum gastrin (Gas ng/L , 294±163 vs 63±40, P <0 01) and endothelin (ET ng/L , 181±57 vs 135±42, P <0 01) were apparently higher than those in the control group, and its serum nitric oxide (NO) level was conspicuously lower than that in the control group ( ng/L , 0 2±0 1 vs 0 8±0 5, P <0 05), while the serum gastrin level ( ng/L , 556±225) in prevention group was distinctly higher than that in both the control ( P <0 01) and stimulating group ( P <0 05). There were no significant differences in the changes of ET and NO between the control and the stimulating groups. CONCLUSION Stress ulcer model of rats can be successfully established by the stimulation of explosive noise. Gas, ET and NO are related to the formation of stress ulcer, and play an important role in its mechanism. Hepatic function affected by noise is observed in this experiment.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(50534070)International Science and Technology Cooperation and Communion Key Project of Ministry Science and Technology of China(2005DFA61030)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(200510460014)Coal Mine Gas and Fire Prevention and Control Key Laboratory Foundation of Henan Province(HKLGF200708)
文摘Measured to control serious coal-gas outburst in coal seam were analyzed by theory and experimented in test site.A new technique to distress the coal-bed and drain methane,called hydraulic slotting,was described in detail,and the mechanism of hydrau- lic slotting was put forward and analyzed.The characteristic parameter of hydraulic slotting was given in Jiaozuo mining area and the characteristic of validity,adaptability and secu- rity was evaluated.The results show that the stress surrounding the strata and the gas in coal seam is released efficiently and thoroughly while new techniques are taken,as slot- ting at heading face by high pressure large diameter jet.The resistance to coal and gas outbursts is increased dramatically once the area of slotting is increased to a certain size. In the process of driving 2 000 m tunnel by hydraulic slotting excavation,coal and gas outburst never occurre.The technique could be used to prevent and control potential coal-gas outburst in the proceeding of tunnel driving,and the speed tunneling could be as high as more than 2 times.
