Prediction on Failure Pressure of Pipeline Containing Corrosion Defects Based on ISSA-BPNNModel

Oil and gas pipelines are affected by many factors,such as pipe wall thinning and pipeline rupture.Accurate prediction of failure pressure of oil and gas pipelines can provide technical support for pipeline safety management.Aiming at the shortcomings of the BP Neural Network(BPNN)model,such as low learning efficiency,sensitivity to initial weights,and easy falling into a local optimal state,an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm(ISSA)is adopted to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of BPNN,and an ISSA-BPNN failure pressure prediction model for corroded pipelines is established.Taking 61 sets of pipelines blasting test data as an example,the prediction model was built and predicted by MATLAB software,and compared with the BPNN model,GA-BPNN model,and SSA-BPNN model.The results show that the MAPE of the ISSA-BPNN model is 3.4177%,and the R2 is 0.9880,both of which are superior to its comparison model.Using the ISSA-BPNN model has high prediction accuracy and stability,and can provide support for pipeline inspection and maintenance.

Reliability Design for Impact Vibration of Hydraulic Pressure Pipeline Systems

The research of reliability design for impact vibration of hydraulic pressure pipeline systems is still in the primary stage,and the research of quantitative reliability of hydraulic components and system is still incomplete.On the condition of having obtained the numerical characteristics of basic random parameters,several techniques and methods including the probability statistical theory,hydraulic technique and stochastic perturbation method are employed to carry out the reliability design for impact vibration of the hydraulic pressure system.Considering the instantaneous pressure pulse of hydraulic impact in pipeline,the reliability analysis model of hydraulic pipeline system is established,and the reliability-based optimization design method is presented.The proposed method can reflect the inherent reliability of hydraulic pipe system exactly,and the desired result is obtained.The reliability design of hydraulic pipeline system is achieved by computer programs and the reliability design information of hydraulic pipeline system is obtained.This research proposes a reliability design method,which can solve the problem of the reliability-based optimization design for the hydraulic pressure system with impact vibration practically and effectively,and enhance the quantitative research on the reliability design of hydraulic pipeline system.The proposed method has generality for the reliability optimization design of hydraulic pipeline system.

Analysis of impact pressure,rock-breaking effect,and ground vibration induced by the disposable CO_(2)fracturing tube

The technology of expansion fracturing with liquid CO_(2)(EFLCO_(2))has attracted increasing attention due to reduced vibration and damage.The disposable fracturing tube has been developed and is gradually replacing the Cardox tube.However,there is a lack of impact pressure testing of disposable tubes under real working conditions,selection of gas explosion design parameters,and systematic analysis of blasting vibration.This limitation has constrained the widespread application of disposable fracturing tubes in engineering.A joint monitoring of the pressure-time curves in the disposable tubes and boreholes was conducted.The rock-breaking effect of varying hole spacing parameters in the EFLCO_(2)design was analyzed,and a systematic study was carried out on the vibration peak value,frequency,and energy characteristics.The results show that(1)the pressure distribution characteristics,stress peak value,and duration in the disposable tubes are different from those of Cardox tubes,which show multi-peak distribution,low-pressure peak value,and short duration.The correlation between the pressure in the disposable tube,filling pressure,and liquid CO_(2)weight is established,and a theoretical calculation method for the borehole wall pressure is proposed;(2)The hole spacing in rocks of different hardness is suggested;and(3)At the same scale distance,the peak particle velocity(PPV)caused by EFLCO_(2)(PPVCO_(2))is significantly smaller than that caused by blasting(PPVexplosive).The ratio of PPVexplosive to PPVCO_(2)is a power function related to scale distance,and a distance-related zonality exist in this relationship.The frequency composition of the vibration signal caused by EFLCO_(2)is relatively simple with a narrow frequency band.Its PPV and energy are mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band.This research contributes to the optimization of disposable fracturing tubes,gas explosion design,and vibration hazard control.

Vortex-Induced Vibration Response Features of A Submarine Multi-Span Pipeline via Towing Tank Experimental Tests

In offshore engineering, the phenomenon of free span often occurs, and the pipeline may have multiple free spans adjacent to each other, forming a multi-span pipeline. The interaction of different spans makes the structural vibration characteristics more complex, which may change the fatigue characteristics of the pipeline and affect the safety of the structure. In this paper, model tests were designed to explore the vortex-induced vibration(VIV) characteristics of multi-span pipelines and investigate the multi-span interaction mechanism. The experimental study mainly focused on the dynamic response of double-span pipelines, and further extended to triple-span pipelines, hoping that the results can be applied to more complex environment. The effects of span-length ratio, buried depth and axial force on VIV of the pipeline were investigated and discussed. The dynamic response of the pipeline varied with the span length. There was obvious interaction between different spans of multi-span pipelines, and the pipe-sediment interaction obviously affected the vibration characteristics of pipeline. The differences of pipeline burial depth and axial force changed the structural stiffness. With the increase of buried depth, the response amplitude presented a downward trend. The spanwise evolutions were asymmetric caused by the pipe-sediment interaction and multi-span interaction. The results can help to identify multi-span pipelines in engineering, and realize the prevention and control of free spans.

Research of Risk Identification and Prevention of Underground Pressure Pipelines Damage Caused by External Disturbance

External disturbance is an important cause of underground pressure pipeline damage,which leads to accidents,and it is crucial to study the risk of damage caused by external disturbance and come up with proper prevention and control measures.We reviewed literature on risk identification of underground pressure pipelines damage due to external disturbance was conducted,and a list of risk factors was formed.Based on the list of risk factors,fault tree analysis was carried out on underground pressure pipelines damage caused by external disturbances,and risk prevention and control measures were proposed through the calculation of minimum cut sets,minimum path sets,and structural importance,in hopes of providing reference for the normal operation of underground pressure pipelines.

Experiments on Interaction Between Current-Induced Vibration and Scour of Submarine Pipelines on Sandy Bottom

In order to understand the dynamic behavior of submarine pipelines exposed to current and the mechanism of the interaction between current-induced vibration and scour of pipelines on a sandy bottom, an experimental investigation is conducted with a small scale model A test model which can be tested in the flume is set up by taking into account the typical working conditions of the pipelines and by applying the similarity theory. The interactions between the shape of the scour hole and the behavior of the pipeline as well as the flow patterns of the current are detailed, and the interaction mechanism outlined. The effect of vibration of the pipeline on the development of dynamic scour at different stages is found out. The proposed experimental method and test results provide an effective means for design of marine pipelines against scouring.

Effects of Internal Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration and Fatigue Life of Submarine Pipelines

With the rapid development of the offshore oil industries, submarine oil / gas pipelines have been widely used. Under the complicated submarine environmental conditions, the dynamic characteristics of pipelines show some new features due to the existence of both internal and external flows. The paper is intended to investigate the vortex-induced vibration of the suspended pipeline span exposed to submarine steady flow. Especially, the effects of the flow inside the pipeline are taken into account. Its influences on the amplitude of pipeline response, and then on the fatigue life, are given in terms of the velocity of the internal flow.

RADIAL VIBRATIONS OF AXISYMMETRICALLY LOADED STEPPED PRESSURE VESSELS

Differential equations of free/forced radial vibrations of axisymmetrically loaded stepped pressure vessels are established by using singular functions. Furthermore, their general solutions are solved, the expression of vibration mode function and frequency equations on usual supports are derived with W operator and the forced response of such vessels are calculated.

Experi mental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Submarine Pipeline near Seabed Boundary in Ocean Currents

Unlike most previous studies on vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder far from a boundary, this paper focuses on the influences of close proximity of a submarine pipeline to a rigid seabed boundary upon the dynamic responses of the pipeline in ocean currents. The effects of gap-to-diameter ratio and those of the stability parameter on the amplitude and frequency responses of a pipeline are investigated experimentally with a novel hydro-elastic facility. A comparison is made between the present experimental results of the amplitude and frequency responses for the pipes with seabed boundary effects and those for wall-free cylinders given by Govardhan and Williamson （2000） and Anand （1985）. The comparison shows that the close proximity of a pipeline to seabed has much influence on the vortex-induced vibrations of the pipeline. Both the width of the lock-in ranges in terms of Vr and the dimensionless amplitude ratio Amax/D become larger with the decrease of the gap-to-diameter ratio e/D, Moreover, the vibration of the pipeline becomes easier to occur and its amplitude response becomes more intensive with the decrease of the stability parameter, while tire pipeline frequency responses are affected slightly by the stability parameter.

Effect of Internal Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines

At present, most researches on the vortex-induced vibration of submarine free spanning pipelines ignore the effect of internal flowing fluid; furthermore, there are no research reports considering the coupling effect of internal and external fluid with the free span. In this paper, combining Iwan's wake oscillator model with the differential equation derived for the dynamic response of submarine free spanning pipelines with inclusion of internal flow, the pipe-fluid coupling equations are developed to investigate the effect of internal flow on the vortex-induced vibration of the free spans. The finite element approximation is implemented to derive the matrix equations of equilibrium. The Newmark method combined with simple iteration is used to solve the system of equations. The results indicate that the internal fluid flow may cause the shift of resonance band to the lower frequency and a slight decrease in the peak value; the effect will be more pronounced with the increase of the span length and can be weakened in the presence of the axial tension.

Mechanism of burst feeding in ZL205A casting under mechanical vibration and low pressure

The burst feeding behavior of ZL205 A casting under mechanical vibration and low pressure was investigated by casting experiment and physical model. Experimental results indicated that the burst feeding appeared repeatedly during solidification and left a shrinkage cavity with layered structure under mechanical vibration. The castings with less shrinkage and higher density could be achieved through the vibration. The calculation results of physical model showed that the burst feeding could perform spontaneously under vibration while difficultly without vibration in low-pressure die casting. The obstruction of a casting could be broken and the grains could be rearranged by the vibration. And the obstruction could be carried away due to the inner and outer pressure difference, causing a burst feeding.

Experimental investigation on the wave-induced pore pressure around shallowly embedded pipelines

A series of regular wave experiments have been done in a large-scale wave flume to investigate the wave-induced pore pressure around the submarine shallowly embedded pipelines. The model pipelines are buried in three kinds of soils, including gravel, sand and silt with different burial depth. The input waves change with height and period. The results show that the amplitudes of wave-induced pore pressure increase as the wave period increase, and decay from the surface to the bottom of seabed. Higher pore pressures are recorded at the pipeline top and the lower pore pressures at the bottom, especially in the sand seabed. The normalized pressure around pipeline decreases as the relative water depth, burial depth or scattering parameters increase. For the silt seabed, the wavelet transform has been successfully used to analyze the signals of wave - induced pore pressure, and the oscillatory and residual pore pressure can be extracted by wavelet analysis. Higher oscillatory pressures are recorded at the bottom and the lower pressures at the top of the pipeline. However, higher residual pressures are recorded at the top and the lower pressures at the bottom of the pipeline.

Prediction of Collapse Pressure of Submarine Pipelines in A Wide Range of Diameter–Thickness Ratio

Submarine pipelines play an important role in offshore oil and gas development.A touchy issue in pipeline design and application is how to avoid the local collapse of pipelines under external pressure.The pipe diameter-thickness ratio D/t is one of the key factors that determine the local critical collapse pressure of the submarine pipelines.Based on the pipeline collapse experiment and finite element simulation,this paper explores the pressure-bearing capacity of the pipeline under external pressure in a wide range of diameter-thickness ratio D/t.Some interesting and important phenomena have been observed and discussed.In the range of 16<D/t<80,both DNV specification and finite element simulation can predict the collapse pressure of pipeline quite well;in the range of 10<D/t<16,the DNV specification is conservative compared with the experimental results,while the finite element simulation results are slightly larger than the experimental results.Further parameter analysis shows that compared with thin-walled pipes,improving the material grade of thick-walled pipes has higher benefits,and for thin-walled pipes,the ovality f_(0)should be controlled even more.In addition,combining the results of finite element simulation and model experiment,an empirical formula of critical collapse pressure for thick-walled pipelines is proposed,which is used to correct the error of DNV specification in the range of 10<D/t<16.

Failure Pressure Analysis of Corroded Moderate-to-High Strength Pipelines

Based on the elastic-plastic, large-deformation finite element method, burst capacity of steel pipeline with longitudinal corrosion defect subjected to internal pressure is studied. The appropriate stress-based criterion is used to predict the failure pressure of finite element model of corroded pipeline under internal pressure. By considering the pipe steel grades and geometries of corrosion defects, a series of finite element analyses is conducted. The effects of corrosion depth, length and width on burst capacity are also discussed. A specific failure pressure solution for the assessment of corrosion defects in moderate-to-high strength pipeline is proposed on the base of numerical results. The failure pressures predicted by the proposed method are in better agreement with the experimental results than the results by the other methods.

Experimental Study on the Distribution of Velocity and Pressure near a Submarine Pipeline

As a transport means of oil and gas the submarine pipeline has many merits, such as continuous delivery, large conveying capacity, convenient management, etc. A tube was chosen in our study to simulate the submarine pipeline in the experiments. A high accuracy instrument ADV and high precision point-type pressure sensors were used to measure the parameters of the flow field, including the pressure distribution, velocities at seven cross sections near the submarine pipeline with five different clearance ratios, and twelve dynamic pressure values around the pipeline. The pressure distributions and velocity changes around the pipe under dif- ferent flow velocities and clearance ratios were analyzed. These results might be useful for further study of submarine pipeline ero- sion and protection.

Friction coupling vibration characteristics analysis of aviation hydraulic pipelines considering multi factors

As the power transmission system of an aircraft,a hydraulic pipeline system is equivalent to the " blood vessel" of the aircraft. With the development of aircraft hydraulic system to high pressure,high speed and high power ratio,the fluid-structure interaction vibration mechanism of hydraulic pipeline is more complex and the influence of friction coupling on vibration cannot be ignored. The fluid-structure interaction of hydraulic pipeline will lead to system vibration,lower reliability of system operation and even pipeline rupture. Taking a hydraulic pipeline of C919 aircraft wingtip as the research object,a 14-equation model of fluid-structure interaction vibration considering friction coupling effect is established in this paper. The effects of friction and fluid parameters on the pipeline fluid-structure interaction vibration characteristics are studied and verified by experiments. The research results will provide theoretical guidance for the analysis of the pipeline fluid-structure interaction vibration and have important theoretical significance and great engineering value for promoting the localization process of large aircraft.

An extraction method for pressure beat vibration characteristics of hydraulic drive system based on variational mode decomposition

In the pump-controlled motor hydraulic transmission system,when the pressure pulsation frequencies seperately generated by the pump and the motor are close to each other,the hydraulic system will generate a strong pressure beat vibration phenomenon,which will seriously affect the smooth running of the hydraulic system.However,the modulated pressure signal also carries information related to the operating state of the hydraulic system,and a accurate extraction of pressure vibration characteristics is the key to obtain the operating state information of the hydraulic system.In order to extract the pressure beat vibration signal component effectively from the multi-component time-varying aliasing pressure signal and reconstruct the time domain characteristics,an extraction method of the pressure beat vibration characteristics of the hydraulic transmission system based on variational mode decomposition(VMD)is proposed.The experimental results show that the VMD method can accurately extract the pressure beat vibration characteristics from the high-pressure oil pressure signal of the hydraulic system,and the extraction effect is preferable to that of the traditional signal processing methods such as empirical mode decomposition(EMD).

Characteristics of Vibrational Wave Propagation and Attenuation in Submarine Fluid-Filled Pipelines

As an important part of lifeline engineering in the development and utilization of marine resources, the submarine fluid-filled pipeline is a complex coupling system which is subjected to both internal and external flow fields. By utilizing Kennard＇s shell equations and combining with Helmholtz equations of flow field, the coupling equations of submarine fluid-filled pipeline for n=0 axisymmetrical wave motion are set up. Analytical expressions of wave speed are obtained for both s=1 and s=2 waves, which correspond to a fluid-dominated wave and an axial shell wave, respectively. The numerical results for wave speed and wave attenuation are obtained and discussed subsequently. It shows that the frequency depends on phase velocity, and the attenuation of this mode depends strongly on material parameters of the pipe and the internal and the external fluid fields. The characteristics of PVC pipe are studied for a comparison. The effects of shell thickness/radius ratio and density of the contained fluid on the model are also discussed. The study provides a theoretical basis and helps to accurately predict the situation of submarine pipelines, which also has practical application prospect in the field of pipeline leakage detection.

Scour depth beneath a pipeline undergoing forced vibration

This paper studies the coupling effect of the pipeline vibration on the seabed scour. A vertical two- dimensional model is applied to numerically investigate the local scour below a vibrating pipeline with different amplitudes and periods. Using the scour underneath a fixed pipeline as a reference, this paper focuses on the impact of the pipeline vibration on the equilibrium scour depth. Generic relationships are established between the non-dimensional scour depth and the non-dimensional vibrating parameters, i.e., amplitude and frequency. The normalization process takes into account the influences of such parameters as the incoming flow velocity, pipe diameter, and Shields parameter. An empirical formula is proposed to quantify these relationships.

Recent Research Advances in the Risk Assessment Method of an Underground Pressure Pipeline

This paper reviews the risk assessment method of an underground pressure pipeline, introduces the risk assessment method of expert grading, fuzzy integrative assessment, probabilistic risk assessment and extenics assessment in an underground pressure pipeline. Moreover, it puts forward the developing orientation of risk assessment.