Intensity measures for the seismic response evaluation of buried steel pipelines under near-field pulse-like ground motions

Ground-motion Intensity Measures (IMs) are used to quantify the strength of ground motions and evaluate the response of structures. IMs act as a link between seismic demand and seismic hazard analysis and therefore, have a key role in performance-based earthquake engineering. Many studies have been carried out on the determination of suitable IMs in terms of effi ciency, suffi ciency and scaling robustness. The majority of these investigations focused on ordinary structures such as buildings and bridges, and only a few were about buried pipelines. In the current study, the optimal IMs for predicting the seismic demand of continuous buried steel pipelines under near-fi eld pulse-like ground motion records is investigated. Incremental dynamic analysis is performed using twenty ground motion records. Using the results of the regression analysis, the optimality of 23 potential IMs are studied. It is concluded that specifi c energy density (SED) followed by VSI[ω1(PGD+RMSd )] are the optimal IMs based on effi ciency, suffi ciency and scaling robustness for seismic response evaluation of buried pipelines under near-fi eld ground motions.

Criterions and Measures of Route Selection of Shallowly Embedded Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipeline in Mountain Areas

According to the engineering investigation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the criterions and measures of route selection are drawn as follows： the flat landform is the first choice in route alignment. The foot of mountain is the first choice when the route passes by the valley. The route should pass by but the shady and deposited slope and not in sunny and erosive slope as possible as it can. The pipeline should be vertical to contour climbing and descending the mountain except steep slope. Tunnel can be used in crossing foothill. Perpendicularly traversing the river is better than beveling; the worst choice is to put the pipeline along the river. Bypass is the best choice in karsts area. The order of route selection should be pre-choosing, investigation, optimization and adjustment.

Vertical Upheaval Buckling of Submarine Buried Heated Pipelines with Initial Imperfection

In this paper,a theoretical solution of vertical buckling is proposed with regard to the typical initial imperfection cases of submarine pipelines.Analytical tools are applied to predicting the occurrence and consequence of inservice buckling of a buried heated pipeline in Bohai Gulf.An evaluation is performed to ensure the pipeline structural integrity during operation under loading conditions.Different protection measures are proposed and their validities are analyzed.Analyses show that for the same magnitude of initial imperfection,the upheaval buckling of pipeline with isolated prop model is the most likely to occur.The empathetic model represents a special sub-case of continuous prop model,and the calculated buckle temperature is between the first stage and the second stage of post-upheaval buckling of continuous prop model.And the larger the initial imperfection,the less the axial force required for the upheaval buckling.Meanwhile,it can be seen that a peak point appears on the curves of temperature difference against buckling amplitude for small initial imperfection.Besides,trenching-burial is one kind of protection measures preventing the pipeline from thermal upheaval.The covered depth-to-diameter ratio depends on the design conditions and subsoil properties.For the given pipeline in this paper,the covered depth-to-diameter ratio is recommended to be 5.

Safety appraisement on building natural gas pipeline over coal mining subsidence area

The target of the text is to scientifically appraise dynamic development of surface deformation in subsidence area and its influence on groundwork stability of natural pipe and then adopt some technological measures to ensure safe circulation of natural pipeline. Analysed the influence on natural pipeline from coal mining subsidence in the way of pipeline grade variation, vertical curve variation, transverse deformation, horizontal pull and compression deformation and pipe stress variation etc., and described detailed surface subsidence product and its used time among initial phase, active phase and decline phase in the course of surface movement deformation time. In the context of considering surface subsidence that doesn＇t reach basic latter end and residual subsidence quantity, the text confirmed the calculation method of residual deformation in surface subsidence area, and gave the technological measures about building natural gas pipeline in subsidence area finally.

Simulating Error-Opening of Pressure Relief Valves of a Station on a Continuous Undulating Oil Pipeline with Large Elevation Difference

For oil pipeline in mountain areas,high hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline may cause error-opening of pressure relief valves,and oil is discharged from the pipeline to the pressure relief tanks,bringing spilling-over risk of the pressure relief tanks.Therefore,simulating the error-opening situations of the pressure relief valves and investigating the oil discharge process are necessary for checking the possibility of the spilling-over accident and then proposing measures to improve the pressure relief system.This research focuses on a continuous undulating oil pipeline with large elevation difference and a station along this pipeline,which is named B station in this paper,is studied.By OLGA software,simulation model of the pressure relief system of B station is established,and the accuracy of the model is verified by reconstructing a real accident and making a comparison with the actual accident data.The maximum discharge rate reached 8284 m3/h when the pressure relief valve was opened by mistake in the inlet and outlet of the station.The accumulated filling time of the two pressure relief tanks is 200 s,which is in good agreement with the accident data.On this basis,for error-opening of the pressure relief valves at the inlet and outlet of B station,simulation is performed to investigate variations of the discharge velocity,discharge flow rate,accumulated discharge volume and ventilation volume of the vent valve.The discharge velocity is found to be over the maximum velocity allowed for safety consideration.According to the accumulated discharge volume,it is inferred that spilling over of the pressure relief tanks will be caused once error-opening of the pressure relief valve occurs.Also it is judged that the existing breathing valve can not satisfy the ventilation requirement in case of failure of the pressure relief valves.From these simulation results,it is proposed that increasing the number of vent valves,replacing the manual valves with electrically operated valves,and employing security control interlock protection program are improvement measures to guarantee safe,efficient and reliable operation of the pressure relief system at B station.

分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝适宜性研究

在活动地裂缝影响下,供水管道拉裂、错断现象时有发生,并引发严重的次生灾害。本文以西安市西南郊水厂拟建球墨铸铁管道穿越地裂缝为工程背景,建立管道45°穿越活动地裂缝的数值模型,分析地裂缝影响下管道的内力响应与变形特征,结果表明:地裂缝作用会使管道接口偏转角过大而导致其防水失效。因此提出一种分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝的方法,建立分段管廊装载供水管道穿越地裂缝的数值模型,分析管道与管廊通缝、错缝两种工况、不同分段管廊长度、不同地裂缝位置、不同穿越角度下管廊与管道的内力响应与变形特征。得出管廊装载管道穿越地裂缝的最佳方案为管道与管廊通缝布设,采用单节长度为18 m的分段管廊,使地裂缝位于管廊的2/3处,并尽量以小角度穿越地裂缝。研究成果对城市供水管道穿越活动地裂缝的工程建设与灾害防治具有实际意义。

海洋工程管道腐蚀损伤深度无损评价方法

海洋工程管道服役安全长期受到环境腐蚀的严重威胁,管道腐蚀损伤评价对保障国民经济和社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。介绍了切向法和灰度法射线检测在定量测定腐蚀损伤深度方面的原理,分别对两种方法的检测误差进行了理论分析,基于径向和轴向穿透厚度变化规律,提出了灰度法射线检查厚度修正方法。以平底阶梯孔试样为试验对象,分别进行切向法和灰度法射线检测。结果表明:测量误差较小,切向法和灰度法射线检测均可用于管道腐蚀损伤深度无损评价。

超效率SBM-Malmquist模型在燃气管道完整性管理效能评价中的应用

为解决燃气管道完整性管理效能评价时,无法准确对比各评价单元完整性管理水平的差异,以及无法动态测算同一评价单元完整性管理效能的问题,提出了一种基于超效率松弛值测算(Slacks-Based Measure, SBM)的模型和Malmquist模型相结合的方法,对管道完整性管理效能评价进行研究。首先,综合考虑完整性管理实施过程、效果与效益,并结合专家意见和相关规范标准,构建效能评价指标体系,该指标体系由3项一级指标和14项二级指标进行表征。其次,采用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型解决各评价单元的比较与排序问题,再将Malmquist模型与超效率SBM模型相结合,测算各评价单元效能的动态变化趋势。最后,针对5家燃气公司在2019—2022年的完整性管理效能,采用所提出的效能评价模型开展评价。结果表明,超效率SBM模型和Malmquist模型相结合是实现管道完整性管理效能客观定量评价的有效方法,通过横向对比和动态测度发现短板并提出针对性的改进意见,其分析结果与实际工程相吻合,证明该方法能够有效评估完整性管理效能,为管道完整性管理提供了一种评价思路。

加拿大某酸性气田管道完整性体系建设与实践

管道完整性管理是一种基于风险评估与控制的系统性安全管理方法。通过实施管道完整性管理,可以将风险控制在合理、可接受的范围内,预防和减少管道事故的发生。中国石化加拿大公司针对当地运营的某酸性气田集输管道的实际生产运行状况,依据加拿大通用的油气管道管理标准,按照系统完整性管理的理念,建立和完善了酸性气田管道完整性管理的技术和管理体系,通过有效实施,提高了该气田管道完整性水平,确保了管道安全高效运行。

能量计量体系下多气源管网运行优化研究

针对全国“一张网”的多气源天然气供应格局现状,传统的体积计量交易体系已不适合中国天然气管道的运营与发展,使用能量计量更能体现出天然气本身具有的能量特征,促进天然气市场的整合与升级。在考虑天然气能量计量体系实施方案和非居民用户对天然气气质需求的基础上,创新性地提出了能量计量体系下多气源管网运行优化模型,模型以管道运营利润最大化为目标,以气源供气量和全线增压方式为决策变量。将所建模型应用于国内某长输管道,并利用GAMS/ANTIGONE求解器获得了模型最优解。结果表明,不同能量计量体系实施方案下优化结果均优于现场实际运行方案,最高提升了32.05%的运营利润。其中,购气成本在管道运营成本中占比最高,受各气源气价、供气量和热值的综合影响;管输成本和压气站运行成本受各气源供气量的间接影响;需求节点处天然气热值含量越高,售气收益越高。

基于超声导波的高温管道壁厚监测技术优化

超声导波技术因可将超声换能器与高温环境隔离而常被用于高温管道的壁厚监测系统,但高温下常规耦合技术失效问题和信号信噪比低的问题影响了测量系统的可靠性和测量精度。设计用于传导超声信号的导波杆,基于声学匹配原理优化干耦合技术,解决高温环境下常规耦合技术的失效问题。提出自适应激励方式和测量数据的乘幂算法以提高高温下测量系统的自适应性和信号信噪比。采用智能分段声速方法对声速进行修正,使高温超声导波测厚系统的测量精度达到±0.03 mm。实验结果表明:在500℃的长期热源环境下,超声波换能器端的温度最高不超过56℃,验证了测量系统在高温环境下的可靠性。

基于超声检测的管道壁厚在线监测系统

以超声检测技术为基础的油气管道壁厚在线监测技术,对降低人力监测成本,提高油气管道减薄及失效的早期预警能力有重要意义。基于超声反射法设计了一套具有多通道的高精度超声管道壁厚在线监测系统,并在不同的试验温度下进行多壁厚在线监测试验,最后对结果进行分析校正,得到修正方程和修正模型。试验结果表明,采用所提数据拟合修正方法,管道壁厚超声检测的绝对误差在±0.04 mm内,相对误差在1%内,实现了油气管道壁厚的高精度监测。

南昌地铁地下多管线近邻地铁人行通道的施工影响分区

针对地下地铁人行通道暗挖施工对近邻多管线扰动影响问题,依托南昌地铁3号线邓埠站1号出入口人行通道暗挖工程,采用数值计算与理论分析相结合的方法,系统研究了通道暗挖施工扰动作用下近邻多管线的力学特性,总结关键因素对管线力学行为的影响规律,提出了通道暗挖下近邻密集管线影响分区计算方法与控制措施。结果表明:结合Peck曲线分布规律确定出以控制值的60%与20%作为强影响分区、弱影响分区、无影响分区的阈值;采用多元非线性函数进行拟合得出的线竖向位移与多因素的关系函数,对影响分区划分效果较好;建立的地铁隧道暗挖对近邻密集管线强弱影响分区方法,可通过有效的措施将密集管线强影响区转变为弱影响区和无影响区,进而保障施工安全。

空间最优投影平面的斜口圆截面管路端头位姿测量

船舶、飞机等发动机为减小体积,采用斜口管路焊接代替弯头连接,管路系统中端头位姿是焊接对齐的前提。针对斜口管路端头位姿的高效高精度测量难题,提出了一种通过重建管路轴线以及管路端面进行端头位姿精确测量的方法。通过获取种子圆柱并设计非线性寻优算法提高圆柱拟合精度,通过高精度种子圆柱扩散重建得到管路轴线。通过双曲率阈值搜索方法对管路边缘进行搜索,得到管路端面边缘点整像素坐标。通过对端面提取得到的整像素坐标进行椭圆拟合结合射线求交方法求解端面边缘亚像素坐标,从而避免插值方法计算亚像素坐标受环境光源影响大的问题。最后,使用逐点最小二乘法重建空间投影平面并在平面上得到残差最小空间椭圆,空间椭圆中心即为管路端点,该投影平面即为端面所在平面,实现了对端头位姿的精确测量。实验结果表明,该方法的测量精度达到0.05 mm,角度测量误差小于0.1°,基本满足斜口管路端头的位姿测量精度要求,对管路的装配具有良好的指导意义。

城镇燃气管道隐患分析与治理措施

本文探讨了城镇燃气管道系统存在的隐患,着重分析了腐蚀问题、地质条件的影响以及安全管理的不足等方面。同时,提出了一系列治理措施,包括加强地质勘查、采用防腐措施以及提高培训水平。这些措施有助于维护管道系统的安全性和可靠性,确保城镇燃气供应的质量和可持续性。通过减小潜在的风险和及时的维护工作,我们可以保障城市居民的生活质量,同时确保管道系统的稳定运行。

基于A-RAFT模型的垂直管道输送测速方法

流速作为流动特性的重要参数之一,在垂直管道提升效率研究中有着重要地位.以管道固液两相流为研究对象,研究管道测速的方法.结合深度学习技术,提出了基于注意力机制的光流全场递归匹配模型(A-RAFT),提高了网络对速度场突变区域的估计能力;构建了一个虚实结合的数据集,用于训练神经网络模型.对新提出的模型与数据集进行评估,结果显示:该模型在合成的图像上实现了高精度的速度场计算,与现有其他模型相比,估计误差减小了15.6%;开展了垂直管道固体颗粒输送的模拟实验,本模型在实验中所采集的真实流场数据上同样展现了准确的估计性能,该模型对颗粒速度的测量平均相对误差低于5%.上述实验结果充分证明了该方法在速度场中有较高的估计精度,模型有较强的泛化能力.这一研究能够为能源开采、隧道掘进、污水处理以及长距离管道运输等领域中的固液两相流特性分析提供新思路.

中国西部某油田管道失效原因及防护措施

对西部某油田管道失效数据进行统计分析,结合细菌检测、水质与土壤分析等手段对管道失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:内外腐蚀穿孔是造成该油田管道失效的主要原因;管道运行年限长、制造工艺缺陷、内外环境介质腐蚀性强、细菌加速腐蚀、缺乏有效腐蚀防护措施、施工过程不规范是该油田管道内外腐蚀的重要原因。通过失效原因分析、选用耐蚀性管材、采用适用性强的防腐蚀层和腐蚀抑制剂、建立现场腐蚀监测系统,可对油田管道腐蚀进行综合性治理防控。

化工工艺管道设计风险分析与安全对策研究

随着高质量经济发展需求,化工行业基础支柱产业地位越发重要,同时化工行业发展也面临着更加严峻的挑战。化工行业化工设备设计、安装和规范化管理尤为重要,在化工工艺管道、设备设计、布置和安装过程中,需要准确识别化工管道、设备安全设计存在的危险因素,制定规范化的安全事故处理应急机制,提升安全生产事故风险防控水平,保障化工工艺和管道安全运行。本文首先开展化工工艺管道设计整体介绍,分析在工艺管道设计和安装过程中存在的风险,分析存在的风险因素,并根据安全风险因素进行针对性的安全对策研究,尽可能降低化工工艺管道运行风险,保障化工工艺和管道安全运行。相关研究可为化工工艺管道安全设计与运行提供一定的借鉴意义。

抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境振动分析及减振措施

为了探讨抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境振动的问题,结合实际工程的环境振动监测资料,采用Midas-GTS软件分析抽水蓄能电站输水管道区域环境在不同工况下的振动影响,并提出合理的减振措施。研究结果表明:库区上游靠近机组的区域环境振动分贝值均大于库区下游,库区下游靠近居民区的环境振动分贝值均大于居民区环境振动标准值,且严重影响居民的正常生活。由于抽水蓄能电站区域环境振源复杂,填充沟措施效果显著,且易施工,对类似的抽水蓄能电站工程具有一定的借鉴意义。

软土路基施工对邻近管线的影响及保护措施

某软土地基采用塑料排水板和水泥土搅拌桩处治后进行路基堆载,施工对邻近管线产生不利影响。利用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟施工过程,分析施工对管线造成的影响,提出对管线的保护措施,实测证明措施可行;同时分析了距坡脚不同距离处管线的变形及可行的保护措施。结果表明:软土处治后进行路基施工影响范围达到40 m;防护桩应选取靠近管线的位置埋置,同时需考虑桩施工影响;当5 m≤L(管线离坡脚距离)<10 m时,在距坡脚2 m处使用变截面素混凝土桩保护;当10 m≤L<15 m,在距坡脚6 m处使用素混凝土长桩保护;当15 m≤L<20 m,在距坡脚12 m处使用素混凝土长桩保护;当20 m≤L<25 m,在距坡脚16 m处使用变截面水泥土桩保护;当25 m≤L<30 m,在距坡脚22 m处使用水泥土长桩保护;当30 m≤L<35 m,在距坡脚27 m处使用水泥土长桩保护;当35 m≤L<40 m,使用反压护道措施,应与路基堆载同时施工;当L≥40 m,管线处于安全状态,只需加强监测即可。