Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean...Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.展开更多
A Ballistic Modeling (BM) / Discrete Droplet Modeling (DDM) method is used to de- termine the characteristics of a solid cone pressure-swirl atomizer (Dyna Coin nozzle) . The charac- teristic of its liquid spray is of...A Ballistic Modeling (BM) / Discrete Droplet Modeling (DDM) method is used to de- termine the characteristics of a solid cone pressure-swirl atomizer (Dyna Coin nozzle) . The charac- teristic of its liquid spray is of considerable importance to the operation and performance of com- bustion systems. A two-dimensional spray model has been developed to simulate a continuous spray under steady-state condition . This model can simulate the resultant drop-sizc of atomization and reveal the effects of the important physical variables such as fuel injection pressure, air pressure(or density), co-axial air flow and fuel properties on the result of atomization process. Dimensional analysis is used to simulate the drop-size immcdiately after jet breakup and further breakup of the droplets is determined by testifying the critical condition of aerodynamics breakup i.e.(Wed)c= 8 / CD.展开更多
The available SMD(Sauter mean diameter) correlations on pressure-swirl injectors predict droplet sizing very different from each other, especially for heavy fuels. Also there was a lack in the literature for comparing...The available SMD(Sauter mean diameter) correlations on pressure-swirl injectors predict droplet sizing very different from each other, especially for heavy fuels. Also there was a lack in the literature for comparing available correlations. So an experimental study was conducted on a heavy fuel oil(HFO) spray, Mazut 380. A pressure swirl injector was designed and fabricated. The experiments for Mazut at 40℃ and 80℃ were compared with the results for water, including spray half cone angle, breakup length and mean droplet diameter,at different injection pressures. Lower spray angle, higher breakup length and larger droplets were observed for lower injection pressures and higher liquid viscosity. SMD was about 75 μm for water and about 87 μm for Mazut at 80℃. The results for droplet mean diameter were also compared with correlations from previous studies on pressure swirl atomizers. The SMD results show that for water spray, LISA method was in good agreement,also Babu and Ballester correlations were successful when high viscosity fluid was injected.展开更多
燃油喷嘴的雾化对于解决航空发动机燃烧室问题是至关重要的,为探究某双油路离心式喷嘴的雾化性能,运用两相界面追踪流体体积(Volume of Fluid,简称VOF)方法对该喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值仿真。以双油路离心喷嘴的雾化锥角、质量流率以...燃油喷嘴的雾化对于解决航空发动机燃烧室问题是至关重要的,为探究某双油路离心式喷嘴的雾化性能,运用两相界面追踪流体体积(Volume of Fluid,简称VOF)方法对该喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值仿真。以双油路离心喷嘴的雾化锥角、质量流率以及液膜厚度作为雾化性能指标,分别模拟出主油路单独供油、副油路单独供油以及主副油路同时供油三种不同工作模式在不同压差条件下喷嘴燃油流动的稳态情况,获得双油路离心喷嘴的雾化性能指标并对其影响规律进行研究。结果显示:数值仿真能较好地模拟出喷嘴的雾化特性,随着压差增大,扩口式主油路单独工作时的雾化锥角减小,平口式副油路单独工作时的雾化锥角增大。当主、副油路同时工作时,雾化锥角随压差的增大而增大且始终处于单路单独工作时的雾化锥角之间;质量流率随着压差的增大而增大且增幅逐渐减缓;液膜厚度在低压区随压差的增大而迅速减小,随后趋于稳定。展开更多
研究强旋来流条件横向液体射流的破碎雾化特征对先进航发燃烧室设计具有重要意义.该文采用Euler-Lagrange方法模拟了射流破碎雾化过程,基于VOF(volume of fluid)方法捕获了近场射流破碎过程中相界面的拓扑结构变化,通过Lagrange粒子追踪...研究强旋来流条件横向液体射流的破碎雾化特征对先进航发燃烧室设计具有重要意义.该文采用Euler-Lagrange方法模拟了射流破碎雾化过程,基于VOF(volume of fluid)方法捕获了近场射流破碎过程中相界面的拓扑结构变化,通过Lagrange粒子追踪(LPT)方法模化喷雾液滴的动力学过程得到远场油雾分布特征.该研究构建了不同旋流强度横向来流,旋流数从0变化至2.5,射流与气流的动量比q为10,来流We数为39.在该工况下,射流破碎过程包含柱状破碎和表面破碎.结果表明,由Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)不稳定诱导的轴向波的发展是射流发生柱状破碎的主要原因,而射流分支/液膜从液柱表面剥离形成了射流的表面破碎,其主要由方位剪切不稳定波主导.强旋流加速了射流的柱状破碎过程,降低了破碎位置的径向高度,但旋流延迟了射流的表面破碎过程,破碎开始位置的径向高度随旋流数增大而升高.随着旋流数的增大,流向方向速度分量不断减小,射流沿径向方向的喷注轨迹显著升高;射流的偏转角度与流向位置呈线性关系,旋流数越大偏转斜率越大.此外,射流雾化场的Sauter直径(SMD)随旋流数的增加而减小,液雾场的空间分布区域也随旋流数的增加而增大.展开更多
The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5...The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 MPa and the fuel temperatures of-23,-13,-3,7,17 and 27℃,respectively.The droplet size,droplet velocity,droplet number,and instantaneous spatial spray image of sprays from an aviation kerosene Jet-A were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer and a digital off-axis holography system.As the fuel pressure and temperature increase,the Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD)and spray non-uniformity of the Spray Shear Layer(SSL)gradually decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray non-uniformity of the Central Toroidal Recirculation Zone(CTRZ)gradually decrease,and the slopes of these curves both decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray nonuniformity of the CTRZ rapidly decrease at the fuel temperature of23℃,while slightly decrease at the fuel temperature of 27℃.The droplets in the CTRZ come from 3 different sources:simplex nozzle,venturi,and outside the CTRZ.As the fuel pressure increases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ decreases.This study proposed the concept of the“pressure critical point”for the swirl cups.As the fuel temperature decreases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ increases below the critical pressure,while decreases above the critical pressure.In addition,through the models of liquid film formation and breakup on the curved cylindrical wall,a semi-theoretical model was established to predict the SMD of SSL for swirl cups.The prediction uncertainty of this model is less than 6%for all 14 conditions in this paper.展开更多
文摘Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.
文摘A Ballistic Modeling (BM) / Discrete Droplet Modeling (DDM) method is used to de- termine the characteristics of a solid cone pressure-swirl atomizer (Dyna Coin nozzle) . The charac- teristic of its liquid spray is of considerable importance to the operation and performance of com- bustion systems. A two-dimensional spray model has been developed to simulate a continuous spray under steady-state condition . This model can simulate the resultant drop-sizc of atomization and reveal the effects of the important physical variables such as fuel injection pressure, air pressure(or density), co-axial air flow and fuel properties on the result of atomization process. Dimensional analysis is used to simulate the drop-size immcdiately after jet breakup and further breakup of the droplets is determined by testifying the critical condition of aerodynamics breakup i.e.(Wed)c= 8 / CD.
文摘The available SMD(Sauter mean diameter) correlations on pressure-swirl injectors predict droplet sizing very different from each other, especially for heavy fuels. Also there was a lack in the literature for comparing available correlations. So an experimental study was conducted on a heavy fuel oil(HFO) spray, Mazut 380. A pressure swirl injector was designed and fabricated. The experiments for Mazut at 40℃ and 80℃ were compared with the results for water, including spray half cone angle, breakup length and mean droplet diameter,at different injection pressures. Lower spray angle, higher breakup length and larger droplets were observed for lower injection pressures and higher liquid viscosity. SMD was about 75 μm for water and about 87 μm for Mazut at 80℃. The results for droplet mean diameter were also compared with correlations from previous studies on pressure swirl atomizers. The SMD results show that for water spray, LISA method was in good agreement,also Babu and Ballester correlations were successful when high viscosity fluid was injected.
文摘燃油喷嘴的雾化对于解决航空发动机燃烧室问题是至关重要的,为探究某双油路离心式喷嘴的雾化性能,运用两相界面追踪流体体积(Volume of Fluid,简称VOF)方法对该喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值仿真。以双油路离心喷嘴的雾化锥角、质量流率以及液膜厚度作为雾化性能指标,分别模拟出主油路单独供油、副油路单独供油以及主副油路同时供油三种不同工作模式在不同压差条件下喷嘴燃油流动的稳态情况,获得双油路离心喷嘴的雾化性能指标并对其影响规律进行研究。结果显示:数值仿真能较好地模拟出喷嘴的雾化特性,随着压差增大,扩口式主油路单独工作时的雾化锥角减小,平口式副油路单独工作时的雾化锥角增大。当主、副油路同时工作时,雾化锥角随压差的增大而增大且始终处于单路单独工作时的雾化锥角之间;质量流率随着压差的增大而增大且增幅逐渐减缓;液膜厚度在低压区随压差的增大而迅速减小,随后趋于稳定。
文摘研究强旋来流条件横向液体射流的破碎雾化特征对先进航发燃烧室设计具有重要意义.该文采用Euler-Lagrange方法模拟了射流破碎雾化过程,基于VOF(volume of fluid)方法捕获了近场射流破碎过程中相界面的拓扑结构变化,通过Lagrange粒子追踪(LPT)方法模化喷雾液滴的动力学过程得到远场油雾分布特征.该研究构建了不同旋流强度横向来流,旋流数从0变化至2.5,射流与气流的动量比q为10,来流We数为39.在该工况下,射流破碎过程包含柱状破碎和表面破碎.结果表明,由Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)不稳定诱导的轴向波的发展是射流发生柱状破碎的主要原因,而射流分支/液膜从液柱表面剥离形成了射流的表面破碎,其主要由方位剪切不稳定波主导.强旋流加速了射流的柱状破碎过程,降低了破碎位置的径向高度,但旋流延迟了射流的表面破碎过程,破碎开始位置的径向高度随旋流数增大而升高.随着旋流数的增大,流向方向速度分量不断减小,射流沿径向方向的喷注轨迹显著升高;射流的偏转角度与流向位置呈线性关系,旋流数越大偏转斜率越大.此外,射流雾化场的Sauter直径(SMD)随旋流数的增加而减小,液雾场的空间分布区域也随旋流数的增加而增大.
基金supported by the Provincial or Ministerial Level Project.
文摘The spray characteristics of different regions downstream of swirl cups play a critical role in cold start and re-ignition of gas turbines.The spray measurements were performed at the fuel pressures of 0.5,0.8,1.0,1.5,and 2.0 MPa and the fuel temperatures of-23,-13,-3,7,17 and 27℃,respectively.The droplet size,droplet velocity,droplet number,and instantaneous spatial spray image of sprays from an aviation kerosene Jet-A were measured using a two-component phase Doppler particle analyzer and a digital off-axis holography system.As the fuel pressure and temperature increase,the Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD)and spray non-uniformity of the Spray Shear Layer(SSL)gradually decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray non-uniformity of the Central Toroidal Recirculation Zone(CTRZ)gradually decrease,and the slopes of these curves both decrease.As the fuel pressure increases,the SMD and spray nonuniformity of the CTRZ rapidly decrease at the fuel temperature of23℃,while slightly decrease at the fuel temperature of 27℃.The droplets in the CTRZ come from 3 different sources:simplex nozzle,venturi,and outside the CTRZ.As the fuel pressure increases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ decreases.This study proposed the concept of the“pressure critical point”for the swirl cups.As the fuel temperature decreases,the proportion of droplets recirculated from outside the CTRZ increases below the critical pressure,while decreases above the critical pressure.In addition,through the models of liquid film formation and breakup on the curved cylindrical wall,a semi-theoretical model was established to predict the SMD of SSL for swirl cups.The prediction uncertainty of this model is less than 6%for all 14 conditions in this paper.
