Survey-Based Analysis of Water Consumption Law in High-Rise Public Buildings and Water-Saving Performance of Pressure-Reducing Measures

Facing the contradiction of water scarcity and water wastage in most cities of China, this study aims at probing into the factors influencing water-use efficiency and assessing water-saving potential by adopting pressure control measures based on field survey conducted in 23 high-rise buildings in Suqian, China and laboratory tests. Results showed that per capita water consumption (PCWC) exceeding water consumption norms is common in these buildings. The hourly water consumption variation law is quite different among different types of buildings. These differences should be considered in designing building water supply systems to lower water and energy consumption. On the basis of correlation analysis, the order of factors influencing the PCWC follows average tap water pressure, percapita building area, and building age, suggesting pressure management in high-rise buildings is a key water-saving measure. Field tests of outflow characteristics under different water pressures indicated that over-pressure outflow (OPO) is a common cause of water wastage in buildings, however, no branch pipe pressure control measures were found in all the surveyed buildings. Laboratory tests showed that branch pipe pressure-reducing measures can lower water consumption and improve the comfortability of use as well. Therefore, in addition to applying high efficiency water-saving devices, we strongly recommend that branch pipe pressure-reducing measures should be strictly implemented in designing new building water supply systems and reconstruction of existing old building water supply systems, thereby, promoting water, energy saving and development of green building.

A Craniometer with a Headband Can Be a Reliable Tool to Measure Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly in Clinical Practice

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the intra- and inter-reliability for measuring infants with plagiocephaly and brachycephaly with a craniometer when using a marked headband as landmarks. Subjects: Six physiotherapists and eight infants participated in the study. Methods: The physiotherapists measured all infants twice;each infant was measured with the same headband and craniometer. The physiotherapists were blinded to measurements carried out by their colleagues. The infants with their parents changed places in the room to minimize the possibility that the physiotherapists would remember their first measurements of any infant. Results: There was a high intra- and inter-reliability, for intra-reliability ICC 0.96 to 0.99 and for inter-reliability ICC 0.98. Conclusion: It is possible to achieve a high intra- and inter-reliability when using a headband and craniometer when measuring cranial vault asymmetry for plagiocephaly and cephalic ratio for brachycephaly.

Study on Pressure-reducer in Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing

In the ligh of the features of a superpressure system for hydrodynamic deep drawing (HDD) and the need of CNC, a pressure-reducer is applied. The dynamic performane’s stability of pressure-reducer,strength and sealing structure of cylinder are devised. The dynamic response of the pressure contro system is analyzed, based on which the sultable control pattern can be chosen.

从近代上海眉勒看中西文化交融

近代上海女性热衷佩戴珠花眉勒,这在中国其他地区女性服饰装扮中没有像如此集中的表现。文章运用图像、实物和文字史料等方法,探讨了近代上海眉勒造型艺术,梳理了近代上海眉勒时尚传播,由此管窥中西文化交融因素。研究结果表明:眉勒是女性自我身份的象征和自我观念的表达,其中的珠花眉勒受到欧洲新艺术运动影响,是受外来文化影响的新生事物,也是外来文化在上海引起的风气自信;由于近代上海社会性社交活动平台的产生,女性通过珠花眉勒与服饰相搭配参与社会活动;上海时尚领袖通过穿戴包括眉勤的服饰在十里洋场参加公共活动、在时尚空间里进行炫耀性表演,她们的审美影响其他阶层女性。这些是中西文化交融的具体体现。

一种新型可调节式减压头带的设计与应用

颅脑术后为了固定组织结构和降低感染,患者通常会佩戴头部固定带。合适和灵活可调的头部固定带对于促进伤口愈合、减少局部出血、降低头部压力性损伤的风险至关重要。本研究介绍了一款实用新型可调节式减压头带的设计和使用方法,其能够有效提高固定效果,提升佩戴灵活性,对降低压力性损伤风险、减轻医护人员工作负担和增加患者的舒适性有着积极作用。

一种头戴式血压测量改进方法的研究

为了提高无创血压连续测量的便捷性和准确度,提出了一种基于脉搏波传导时间(PTT)的头戴式血压测量方法,该方法将光电容积脉搏波(PPG)信号和心电(ECG)信号的采集集中在头部,将PPG信号一阶微分最大点与ECG信号R波峰的时间差值作为脉搏波传导时间,并在血压的计算中加入了卡尔曼滤波器。实验结果表明,利用改进方法计算出的血压值平均误差率在5%以内,数据误差均在10 mm Hg以内,能够满足连续血压测量误差的要求;与传统方法相比,稳定性更好,误差率更小,最大误差更小。

中世纪册子本堵头布缝制工艺研究及其在新疆民文古籍修复中的应用

论文阐述了传统堵头布的结构及其所使用的工具和材料,从各个时期册子本堵头布的不同形制入手,试图论证其缝制工艺随册子本的历史发展而不断演变的轨迹,为科学修复堵头布提供历史依据,并将西方堵头布缝制工艺引入到新疆民文古籍伊斯兰式堵头布的实际修复当中,进行理论指导应用。

可调压式多功能头带在颅脑手术后的应用研究

目的:研究可调压式多功能头带在颅脑手术后的应用。方法:选取2017年5月至2019年10月在我院接受颅脑手术的患者82例,随机分为对照组及观察组;对照组患者采取常规包扎,观察组患者采取加可调压式多功能头带包扎。对比两组患者的并发症发生率、生活质量及预后程度(GOS评分)。结果:观察组患者并发症总发生率为7.3%,对照组患者的并发症总发生率为17.1%,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的SF-36各项评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;治疗前,观察组患者的GOS评分为(6.52±1.12),对照组患者的GOS评分为(6.71±1.32),两组患者的GOS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的GOS评分为(12.31±1.63),对照组患者的GOS评分为(10.43±1.82),观察组患者治疗后的GOS评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:可调压式多功能头带对帮助患者减少颅脑手术患者的并发症,提升生活质量,改善预后良好具有重要意义,值得推广。

头戴式血压测量装置研究

目的:设计一种头戴式血压测量装置,实现连续血压(blood pressure,BP)测量的便捷性。方法:该装置利用脉搏波速法采集脸颊的心电(electrocardiogram,ECG)信号和额头的脉搏波(photoplethysmography,PPG)信号,将PPG信号最大值点与ECG信号R波峰的时间差值作为脉搏波传导时间(pulse transit time,PTT),利用线性模型计算BP。结果:通过一系列实验表明,与传统无创测量法相比,该装置测量的BP值平均误差率在6%以内,数据误差在10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=133.322 Pa)以内,能够满足美国医疗仪器促进协会(The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation,AAMI)国际标准对无创BP监测的要求。结论:该装置不仅实现了对BP的连续、可靠测量,而且佩戴灵活方便、舒适性强,测量精度较高,在远程医疗、智慧医疗、生命关怀等众多领域具有广泛的应用前景。

Estimation of the Isotherms of Phenol on Activated Carbons and Polymeric Adsorbents under Supercritical Condition

A method named as 'volume-expanding and pressure-reducing adsorption' is proposed. It can be used to measure the isotherms under supercritical condition. The adsorption isotherms of phenol on activated carbons and polymeric adsorbents are estimated and compared respectively for the systems of 'phenol-activated carbon-supercritical fluid CO2' and 'phenol-polymeric adsorbent-supercritical fluid CO2'. The results show that the amount of phenol adsorbed on the activated carbons and the polymeric adsorbents under the supercritical condition is much less than that under the general condition, which can be utilized to develop a technology regenerating the activated carbon with supercritical fluid. Moreover, the effects of ethyl alcohol, used as the third component, on the isotherms of phenol on the activated carbons and polymeric adsorbents under the supercritical condition are also investigated.

去骨瓣减压术后使用运动头带加压处理硬膜下积液的临床研究

目的探究运动头带加压包扎处理去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月至2020年1月本院收治的78例去骨瓣减压术后硬膜下积液患者,分为实验组(n=38)与对照组(n=40)。实验组严格按照医嘱执行运动头带加压包扎去颅骨骨瓣部位,对照组未使用运动头带加压包扎去颅骨骨瓣部位,比较两组硬膜下积液转化成脑积水、硬膜下积液缓解吸收、死亡率以及预后。结果实验组硬膜下积液转化成脑积水发生率低于对照组,硬膜下积液自行吸收率高于对照组,预后优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论去骨瓣减压术后出现硬膜下积液使用运动头带加压固定,处理硬膜下积液效果显著,有效降低脑积水发生率。术后脑压下降后应早期予以加压包扎,避免出现去骨瓣减压相关性脑积水及硬膜下积液。

The Role of EEG in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorders affect an individual’s ability to sleep well on a regular and natural basis. Inadequate sleep can have adverse outcomes for health and safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been presented as an authentic indicator to monitor brain activities. In this review paper, different procedures of EEG tests for recording and monitoring brain activity during sleep such as the EEG electrodes system and the Dreem headband (DH) have been introduced. Also, the processes of recording and analyzing the data have been discussed and compared with each other. The results of various stages of sleep from EEG tests help sleep specialists diagnose or evaluate sleep disorders accurately and choose appropriate strategies. Sleep disorder management is integral to provide patients with a safe sleeping environment.

一种将中药敷贴和穴位刺激结合的头部治疗头箍的设计和应用

为解决临床上多种中医药外治法各自为政,不能协同使用,中医药外治法的疗效未能得到最大化发挥,研发了一种中药敷贴和穴位刺激相结合的头部治疗头箍,现已申请国家实用新型专利,专利号为(CN211797669U)。该专利产品由头箍本体、内芯、香料小口袋等三个部分组成,分别发挥中医药外治法中穴位刺激、中药敷贴、芳香疗法的作用,三者协同发挥对于人体的调节作用,达到预防疾病,治疗缓解慢性鼻炎、过敏性鼻炎、睡眠障碍、情绪障碍、慢性疲劳综合征等慢性疾病的目的。相比于目前临床常用中医药外治法,该专利产品能够合理组合穴位刺激、中药敷贴、芳香疗法三种外治方法,且方便携带、易于使用,扩大了中医药外治法的使用场景,延长了治疗时长,更充分全面的发挥中医药外治法的治疗作用。

一件元代皮暖耳的研究与修复

1999年,河北隆化鸽子洞出土了一批珍贵的元代窖藏文物,其中以纺织品文物尤为令人瞩目。本文着重对其中唯一一件纺织品和皮毛复合材质的暖耳从材料与功能上进行了分析讨论,并简要记录了其修复过程。