Methodological exploration on the construction of a traditional Chinese medicine nursing expert consensus based on evidence--taking stroke as an example

Objective: To explore the methodology of the evidence-based expert consensus formulation process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nursing taking stroke as an example.Methods: First, preliminary and comprehensive presentation of all stroke-related symptoms and corresponding TCM nursing techniques involved were revealed through bibliometric analysis. Then, selection of stroke symptoms and TCM nursing techniques for inclusion in the consensus was performed using an expert consultation method. Next, we determined the search strategy for a precise evidence search;conducted an evaluation of evidence quality and the grade of the evidence;and completed evidence extraction, evidence analysis, and evidence synthesis based on the included symptoms and TCM nursing techniques. The Delphi method was then applied to determine the strength of each recommendation and the choice of nursing care points by referring to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations grid. Finally, we conducted an external expert validation of the Delphi results to form an expert consensus guideline.Results: Through the bibliometric analysis, 22 stroke symptoms and 18 TCM nursing techniques were identified in the literature. Then, after expert consultation, 22 symptoms and 111 pairs of symptoms combined with TCM nursing techniques were selected for the evidence search. Evidence integration yielded 10 stroke symptoms corresponding to 29 bodies of evidence;these 10 symptoms were retained through the Delphi consultation, and recommendation strength results for 26 recommendations were obtained. A total of 9 symptoms were further retained for expert external validation to form 24 recommendations, with a recommendation process score range of 7.64-9.99 points and a more scientific and standardized recommendation-formation process.Conclusion: Owing to the current limited conditions of evidence-based resources for TCM nursing, the present consensus-building process represents only a preliminary exploration of an evidence-based expert consensus for TCM nursing to provide a reference for a more scientific and standardized methodology.

Expert Survey on the Prevention and Treatment Situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Coronary Artery Disease

Objective: To grasp the current situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on prevention and treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) and the possible advantages and disadvantages. Method: Using a survey in the form of questionnaire among 60 cardiovascular disease experts, to grasp current situation of TCM on prevention and treatment of CAD and the possible advantages and disadvantages. Results: In most areas of China, CAD is common, and angina is the most common clinical type. More than 91% experts choose to integrate traditional and western medicine for treatment and prevention of CAD. TCM proprietary medicine, traditional herbal decoction and intravenous TCM are widely used in the clinical work. Clinical advantages of TCM in the prevention of CAD that are listed in the questionnaire include improving symptoms, enhancing quality of life, increasing exercise tolerance, improving cardiac function, relieving angina, secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, etc. The shortcomings include troublesome brewing of herbal medicine, unpleasant taste of decoction, minimal clinical evidence, slow onset of effects and non-standardized prescription of medicine, etc. Conclusion: The survey reflects the present situation of clinical diagnosis and treatment of TCM on prevention and treatment of CAD to a certain extent;more accurate conclusions need the broader, deeper and large-scale clinical survey.

Study on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of esophageal cancer based on Delphi method

Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in humans.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the treatment of esophageal cancer.However,the TCM syndrome classification of esophageal cancer is not standardized.This Delphi survey aimed to explore the TCM syndrome classification and symptom characteristics of esophageal cancer.Methods:Based on literature research,an expert consultation questionnaire was developed for the study of the TCM syndrome rules of esophageal cancer.Two rounds of questionnaire surveys were conducted among 62 experts across the country.Statistical description and statistical analysis of the mean,coefficient of variation,grade sum,and unimportant percentage of the retrieved data.TCM syndrome rules and diagnostic indicators for esophageal cancer after screening and sorting out the questionnaire items,convening experts to demonstrate.Results:62 valid questionnaires were collected,and the expert positive coefficient was 100%.The Kendall's coefficient of concordance W of the first and second rounds are 0.232 and 0.2334 respectively.In addition,the Kendall's coefficient of concordance W of the second round has been improved compared with the first round,suggesting that experts have a better degree of coordination on the importance of indicators.The common TCM syndromes of esophageal cancer are obtained:"liver-stomach disharmony,phlegm and qi obstruction syndrome","liver and spleen disorders,phlegm accumulating with stagnation syndrome","deficiency of liver and kidney yin,stubborn blood syndrome","deficiency of spleen and kidney yang,stubborn blood syndrome".Conclusion:The TCM syndrome indicators of esophageal cancer has been established.It provides a basis for the standardized research of TCM syndrome diagnosis of esophageal cancer,which is of positive significance for improving the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Nursing perspective of expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine

Cerebral infarction(CI)is also known as ischemic stroke.It is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases,with high mortality and disability rate,which has seriously threatened human health.To better apply the diagnosis and treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine to the treatment of patients with CI,the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine issued the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Infarction with the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in 2021.It involves etiology and pathogenesis of CI,diagnosis and treatment standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and Western Medicine,syndrome elements of TCM,as well as rehabilitation nursing of CI with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during acute period and recovery period.This study interprets the consensus from routine nursing,dietary nursing,emotional nursing,complication nursing,rehabilitation nursing,and continuous nursing,aiming to provide evidence-based support for clinical TCM nursing practice.

An Expert Consensus of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment on Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor of the lung originating from the bronchial mucosa,glands or alveolar epithelium.With the population aging and environmental pollution getting increasingly severe,lung cancer has become the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China,seriously endangering people’s life and health.However,there is no standardized guideline for the integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment of lung cancer in China.In order to standardize and improve integrated Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,together with oncologists from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,compiled this consensus under the coordination of the Medical Policy Department of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,taking into account the main results of the pilot project of Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Collaboration for Major Difficult Diseases(lung cancer).

骨质疏松症海派中医临床诊疗专家共识

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一种进行性全身性骨骼疾病,其特征是骨量低、骨组织微结构退化,导致骨脆性增加和骨折风险升高[1]。我国首次居民OP流行病学调查显示,50岁以上人群OP患病率为19.2%,近三分之一的65岁以上人群患有OP,其中女性患病率约为男性的5倍[2]。骨折是OP患者主要的首发临床表现,多发生在髋部、椎骨、肱骨和前臂远端等部位[3-4]。研究[5]表明,45岁以上女性中,OP性骨折住院时长大于糖尿病或心肌梗死等疾病。

肺系疫病海派中医临床诊疗专家共识

疫病是外感疫疠邪气所引起的,具有强烈传染性,且易引起大流行的一类急性发热性疾病的统称,也可称作“瘟疫”“瘟病”等。肺系疫病是以肺系为主要传染部位的一类疫病,相当于西医呼吸系统传染病范畴,包括传染性非典型肺炎、流行性感冒和新型冠状病毒感染等疾病,主要以发热、咳嗽为主症,常伴有肌肉酸痛、头痛、乏力等全身症状。

腰椎间盘突出症上海中医骨伤流派临床诊疗专家共识

腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)是临床常见病、多发病,严重影响患者的正常生活[1]。LDH发病率很高,全世界范围内有2%~3%的普通人群受其影响,且以25~60岁人群多发[2]。目前LDH的治疗大体分为手术治疗与非手术治疗,均有较好的疗效,但前者适应证严格、费用高、术后恢复期长,相比之下,非手术治疗创伤小、安全性高,患者接受度高。

海派中医特色优势病种儿童腺样体肥大中医临床诊疗专家共识

腺样体是具有免疫作用的位于鼻咽顶和后壁交界处的淋巴组织团块,其随着年龄的增长而逐渐萎缩[1],腺样体肥大是指由于各种因素刺激腺样体淋巴组织而产生的病理性增生;对于该病的治疗中医优势较为明显,海派儿科根据多年临床实践经验在本病的治疗中提出“运脾治鼻”理念[2-4],并在临床以及机制研究中得到验证,但是目前尚缺乏基于流派经验的专家共识,本研究以龙华医院海派“徐氏儿科流派”学术思想为基础,结合文献研究结果制定儿童腺样体肥大中医诊疗专家共识。

中西医结合治疗卵巢癌骨髓抑制临床诊疗专家共识

卵巢癌常用的治疗方法是手术联合化学治疗(简称“化疗”),其中铂类与紫杉醇联合应用是一线化疗方案[1]。骨髓抑制是化疗后最常见的毒副反应之一,由于化疗药物抑制了细胞的快速分裂,致使骨髓中细胞活性降低,从而出现骨髓抑制[2],临床上主要以白细胞、红细胞、血小板及血红蛋白数量减少为主要表现,其中以白细胞数量减少较为多见,常伴随不同程度的贫血、出血及继发感染。

卵巢癌中西医结合“全周期”诊疗上海专家共识

上皮性卵巢癌发病隐匿,是女性生殖器官常见的恶性肿瘤之一,病死率居妇科恶性肿瘤之首。70%以上的上皮性卵巢癌患者在就诊时已属晚期,表现为盆腹腔内组织器官的广泛转移,5年生存率仅为30%左右[1]。除了早期筛查意识欠缺、诊断困难,卵巢癌患者的高复发率和复发后可选择方案少也是其高病死率的重要影响因素,患者的长期预后面临着极大的威胁。

卵巢储备功能减退不孕中医药联合辅助生殖临床诊疗专家共识

不孕症是育龄期女性常见的难治病之一,世界卫生组织将其定为仅次于肿瘤和心脑血管病的第三大疾病。随着社会发展、人类生活环境和精神压力的改变,不孕症发病率逐年增高,卵巢储备功能在其中起到了重要作用。随着年龄增加,女性生育能力下降,这与卵母细胞的数量减少、质量下降有关,称为卵巢储备功能减退(diminished ovarian reserve,DOR)[1]。DOR在不孕症人群中的发病率为10%,其发病率有逐年上升及年轻化的趋势,约占女性卵巢疾病的20%。

卵巢癌腹水中西医结合临床诊疗专家共识

腹水是腹膜腔内的过量积液,主要由原发或转移性肿瘤表面裸露的毛细血管渗出导致。恶性肿瘤相关腹水占所有腹水类型的10%,其中又以卵巢癌最为常见。卵巢癌的发病率居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤第三位,病死率居妇科恶性肿瘤之首[1]。绝大多数卵巢癌患者初诊时已出现广泛腹腔转移,大量腹水增加腹腔压力,引起不同程度恶心、呕吐、纳差、腹部胀痛、呼吸困难等症状,若不及时控制可进一步诱发心肺功能不全,危及生命。

考试焦虑障碍临床诊疗中国专家共识

考试焦虑障碍是一组与考试等评价性刺激相关的综合征,是考试带来的较为严重的心理问题之一。长期的考试焦虑容易引起紧张、恐惧、烦躁、抑郁等负性情绪,损害个体的工作记忆、注意等认知能力,严重的甚至会导致个体出现自杀意念。为进一步规范考试焦虑障碍的临床诊疗,在中华医学会心身医学分会考试焦虑协作组的组织下,由13名专家组成专家组,包括精神科医师和心理学专家,基于国内外文献和临床诊疗经验等制定本专家共识,以期从流行病学、病因、临床表现、评估、治疗等方面为临床医生提供科学、全面的指导。

朱永康治疗分化型甲状腺癌术后并发症的经验

介绍朱永康教授治疗分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后并发症的临床经验。认为DTC术后的中医治疗分为早期和远期两个阶段,早期重在治“虚”,远期治疗除缓解其他治疗带来的毒副作用外,将“伏邪”理论引入治疗中,同时注重既病防变、已病防传和病愈防复。并附验案1则。

长三角地区寻常型银屑病中医临床诊疗专家共识

银屑病是一种免疫介导的慢性、易复发的炎症性皮肤病,其典型皮损为皮肤鳞屑样红斑。临床上将银屑病分为寻常型、红皮病型、脓疱型和关节病型4种类型。其中寻常型银屑病最为常见,根据病程分为进行期、静止期和退行期[1]。中医对寻常型银屑病有独特理解,将其归于“白疕”“干癣”“蛇虱”等范畴。中医药治疗寻常型银屑病疗效确切,能有效改善其临床症状,减少复发率。长三角地区在银屑病诊疗中具有独特的地域性和流行病学特征,但对其遣方用药尚无统一标准,因此有必要制定适用于该地区的中医药诊疗寻常型银屑病专家共识,以更科学地指导临床实践,发挥中医药诊疗的特色与优势。

基于“三焦气化”理论探讨谢春光教授治疗痛风经验

痛风是由单钠尿酸盐沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,现代医学药物治疗主要以碱化尿液、降尿酸和促尿酸排泄等为主,不良反应较多;而中医药治疗痛风颇具特色,谢春光教授总结30余年临床相关经验,注重三焦气化理论,立足于肺、脾、肾,提出通利三焦以促机体脏腑经络功能恢复,用药灵活,为中医药治疗痛风提供了新的思路。

浅谈名老中医药专家学术传承工作中的融入式教学——以天津市名中医曹式丽教授学术传承教学为例

名老中医特色学术传承是当前推动相关领域中医药学术体系发展的重要途径。传承过程中的“融入式教学”对提升中医专业学生综合能力具有重要意义。文章以天津市名中医曹式丽教授学术传承过程中的融入式教学为例,分别从价值塑造、知识传授和能力培养等多层次予以初步探讨,以期为名老中医药专家学术传承过程中的教学创新贡献力量。

名老中医经验传承之脉诊快速诊法在临床教学的应用

目的观察名老中医经验传承师带徒模式的脉诊快速诊法与教科书脉诊教学效果之间的差异,以探索更为有效的脉诊教学模式。方法选取2020年8月—2022年1月来滕州市中医医院实习的中医学专业学生,随机分配到实验组和对照组,各40人。实验组学习脉诊快速诊法并跟从张义明主任医师临床实习4周,每周不少于2 d,其余时间按实习要求在病房正常轮转;对照组复习课本脉诊内容在病房正常轮转4周。统计分析学习前后两组学生脉诊理论考核成绩、临床个案考核情况、自评表得分结果及考核用时,并比较两组自评表情况。结果入组时两组学生各考核成绩、自评表得分及考核用时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4周后,实验组各测试结果明显优于对照组,且理论和个案考核用时明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组在学习兴趣、学习效果、持续学习意愿各方面明显提高,情况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论脉诊快速诊法配合名老中医药专家临床带徒提高了脉诊学习的效果和效率,是脉诊教学的有效途径。

中国“互联网+中医医疗”现状评估与发展专家建议

中医药是我国医药卫生事业的重要组成部分,随着互联网的发展,“互联网+中医医疗”成为近年来兴起的一种中医诊疗模式。本研究通过问卷调查、访谈与专家会议调查总结了我国“互联网+中医医疗”的特征、发展现状、发展制约因素与发展前景,并提出专家建议,以期为我国“互联网+中医医疗”行业的发展提供参考。