Theoretical Analysis on Deflection and Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Bamboo-Steel Composite Beams

A theoretical analysis of upward deflection and midspan deflection of prestressed bamboo-steel composite beams is presented in this study.The deflection analysis considers the influences of interface slippage and shear deformation.Furthermore,the calculation model for flexural capacity is proposed considering the two stages of loading.The theoretical results are verified with 8 specimens considering different prestressed load levels,load schemes,and prestress schemes.The results indicate that the proposed theoretical analysis provides a feasible prediction of the deflection and bearing capacity of bamboo-steel composite beams.For deflection analysis,the method considering the slippage and shear deformation provides better accuracy.The theoretical method for bearing capacity matches well with the test results,and the relative errors in the serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state are 4.95%and 5.85%,respectively,which meet the accuracy requirements of the engineered application.

Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of prestressed truss concrete composite beams

This paper describes an experimental study of the hysteretic behavior of prestressed truss concrete composite beams （PTCCBs） under cyclic loading. Five beam models were designed and tested, in which the testing parameters include the global reinforcement index β0, the prestress level 2 and the ratio of stirrup ρsv in the potential plastic hinge zones. Based on the test results, the failure mode and hysteretic behavior of the tested models are obtained. In addition, the P-△ and sectional M-φ hysteretic models for the PTCCBs at the midspan are established. The P-△ hysteretic model shows good agreement with the test results.

Analysis of free vibration characteristic of steel-concrete composite box-girder considering shear lag and slip

Based on Hamilton principle,the governing differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions of steel-concrete composite box girder with consideration of the shear lag effect meeting self equilibrated stress,shear deformation,slip,as well as rotational inertia were induced.Therefore,natural frequency equations were obtained for the boundary types,such as simple support,cantilever,continuous girder and fixed support at two ends.The ANSYS finite element solutions were compared with the analytical solutions by calculation examples and the validity of the proposed approach was verified,which also shows the correctness of longitudinal warping displacement functions.Some meaningful conclusions for engineering design were obtained.The decrease extent of each order natural frequency of the steel-concrete composite box-girder is great under action of the shear lag effect.The shear-lag effect of steel-concrete composite box girder increases when frequency order rises,and increases while span-width ratio decreases.The proposed approach provides theoretical basis for further research of free vibration characteristics of steel-concrete composite box-girder.

Dynamic finite element model updating of prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge

The dynamic finite element model （FEM） of a prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridge, called the Tongyang Canal Bridge, is built and updated based on the results of ambient vibration testing （AVT） using a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm （RAGA）. The objective functions are defined based on natural frequency and modal assurance criterion （MAC） metrics to evaluate the updated FEM. Two objective functions are defined to fully account for the relative errors and standard deviations of the natural frequencies and MAC between the AVT results and the updated FEM predictions. The dynamically updated FEM of the bridge can better represent its structural dynamics and serve as a baseline in long-term health monitoring, condition assessment and damage identification over the service life of the bridge .

Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

The Design and Analysis of Long-Span and Low-Depth Prestressed Composite Steel-Concrete Beam Bridge

The design scheme of long span and low depth composite steel concrete beams is introduced, and the methods of avoiding the cracking of concrete deck in the negative moment regions are proposed. Moreover, significant exploration for problems of the composite beams has been made, such as optimizing construction steps to regulate the stress, applying jacking technique to exert prestress on the concrete deck, investigating the uplifting force principle of the shear connectors by means of model test and non linear finite element analysis, and pointing out the countermeasure to reduce tension force of the shear connectors.

Analysis for the residual prestress of composite barrel for railgun with tension winding

Based on the elastic theory of cylindrical shells and the theory of composite laminates,a prediction model for the residual prestress of the simplified round composite barrel for railgun is established.Only the fibre pretension is considered in this model.A three dimensional numerical simulation for the residual prestress in the railgun barrel is carried out,by combining the temperature differential method with the element birth and death technology.The results obtained by the two methods are compared.It reveals that the distribution trends of residual prestress are consistent.And the difference for residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing of barrel is relatively small.The same finite element method is used to analysis the residual prestress in the non-simplified composite barrels for railgun,which are under different control modes of winding tension.The results mean that the residual prestress in barrel will increase while the taper coefficient for winding is decreasing.Therefore,the sealing performance in bore is improved,but the strength of the filament wound composite housing drops.In addition,the axial and circumferential residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing with constant torque winding are close to the ones in iso-stress design for barrel.

Modular Soft Robotic Crawlers Based on Fluidic Prestressed Composite Actuators

Soft robotic crawlers have limited payload capacity and crawling speed.This study proposes a high-performance inchworm-like modular robotic crawler based on fluidic prestressed composite(FPC)actuators.The FPC actuator is precurved and a pneumatic source is used to flatten it,requiring no energy cost to maintain the equilibrium curved shape.Pressurizing and depressurizing the actuators generate alternating stretching and bending motions of the actuators,achieving the crawling motion of the robotic crawler.Multi-modal locomotion(crawling,turning,and pipe climbing)is achieved by modular reconfiguration and gait design.An analytical kinematic model is proposed to characterize the quasi-static curvature and step size of a single-module crawler.Multiple configurations of robotic crawlers are fabricated to demonstrate the crawling ability of the proposed design.A set of systematic experiments are set up and conducted to understand how crawler responses vary as a function of FPC prestrains,input pressures,and actuation frequencies.As per the experiments,the maximum carrying load ratio(carrying load divided by robot weight)is found to be 22.32,and the highest crawling velocity is 3.02 body length(BL)per second(392 mm/s).Multi-modal capabilities are demonstrated by reconfiguring three soft crawlers,including a matrix crawler robot crawling in amphibious environments,and an inching crawler turning at an angular velocity of 2/s,as well as earthworm-like crawling robots climbing a 20 inclination slope and pipe.

预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁受剪性能

将预制的UHPC槽形节段通过干缝连接和预应力张拉形成槽形梁,再与整体现浇的混凝土板组合成的组合梁,称为预应力UHPC槽形节段与整体式混凝土板组合梁(PUCS-MCS组合梁)。它是一种能充分发挥不同材料的性能、施工方便且整体性能好的新型桥梁结构。为探究其抗剪性能,开展了9根模型梁的试验。分析了接缝数、接缝处剪力键数、剪跨比、UHPC钢纤维体积率、配箍率和纵筋率等参数对试件变形、破坏模式、抗剪承载力的影响;基于试验研究结果,提出了PUCS-MCS组合梁抗剪承载力计算方法。结果表明:PUCS-MCS组合梁均为剪压破坏,所有梁在开裂前的荷载-挠度曲线差异不大,在开裂后刚度不断下降;PUCS-MCS组合梁的抗剪承载力随接缝处剪力键数、UHPC钢纤维掺量、配箍率和纵筋率的增大而增大,随干接缝数量增加和剪跨比的增大而减小,其中影响最显著的是干接缝和剪力键,影响最小的是钢纤维掺量和配箍率,因此PUCS-MCS组合梁可不配箍筋,并可采用较低钢纤维掺量的UHPC。

新型预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合梁抗剪性能有限元分析

为解决施工现场中现有装配式混凝土叠合梁、梁柱结点钢筋相互影响的问题,设计一种新型预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合梁。为进一步研究该叠合梁的抗剪性能,共设计6个叠合梁、3个整浇梁进行ABAQUS有限元模拟,分析其破坏特征机理、荷载–跨中挠度曲线等,研究试件剪跨比、底板厚度参数对抗剪性能的影响,以及新型预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合梁与整浇梁的抗剪性能对比。数值模拟分析结果显示,新型叠合梁与整浇梁均为剪切破坏,在底板厚度相同的情况下,随着剪跨比的增大,叠合梁的极限承载力略微降低。此外,预制高度增加会导致叠合梁的极限承载力减小。叠合梁表现出与整浇梁相似的受剪性能,随着剪跨比增加,叠合梁相对于整浇梁表现出更好的抗剪性能。综合而言,新型预应力混凝土钢管桁架叠合梁具有良好的抗剪性能。

预应力UHPC-RC无腹筋组合梁足尺模型抗弯试验及极限弯矩计算研究

为了解预应力UHPC-RC无腹筋组合梁(简称组合梁)的抗弯性能,以2座组合梁桥实际工程为背景,分别制作25 m长工字形组合梁及30 m长箱形组合梁足尺模型进行抗弯试验,研究组合梁在弯曲荷载下的裂缝发展形态、荷载~挠度曲线及不同截面高度应变等。结果表明:2种组合梁最终受弯破坏时,1条主裂缝快速发展为贯穿弯曲裂缝,组合梁裂缝细密;荷载~挠度曲线较为饱满,刚度折减较普通预应力混凝土梁明显推迟,结构性能更为优良;开裂前组合梁截面受力发展满足平截面假定,出现主裂缝后逐渐不满足平截面假定。为考虑组合梁截面在极限状态不满足平截面假定的情形,基于UHPC材料本构关系,提出采用体外预应力筋极限理论推导组合梁极限弯矩计算方法,并将该方法与平截面假定理论计算结果及试验结果进行对比。结果表明:提出的组合梁极限弯矩计算方法较平截面假定理论计算方法能更好地反映结构受力。

武汉市江汉四桥拓宽工程主桥设计关键技术

武汉市江汉四桥拓宽工程主桥采用与旧桥外形一致、呈反对称布置的主跨232 m独塔混合梁斜拉桥,跨径布置为(232+70+40+20)m,采用刚构体系。主梁采用钢-混叠合梁与预应力混凝土梁组成的混合梁,钢-混结合面位于主跨距桥塔中心线9 m处,主跨采用双边工字形叠合梁,桥面宽23.5 m,标准梁高1.6 m;边跨采用预应力混凝土边主梁和箱形截面主梁,桥面宽23.5~27.0 m,标准梁高2.1 m。桥塔采用“A”形混凝土塔,塔高114.5 m,其下布置整体式承台,采用18根ϕ2.8 m的群桩基础。斜拉索按空间扇形双索面布置,共104根斜拉索,采用标准强度1770 MPa高强平行钢丝索,主跨梁端采用锚拉板锚固,边跨梁端设置槽口锚固,塔端采用锚固齿块锚固,主塔斜拉索锚固区纵、横桥向均配置有无粘结预应力钢棒。汉阳岸边墩采用T形钢筋混凝土板墩及钻孔桩基础;汉口岸边墩、辅助墩均采用钢筋混凝土独柱墩及钻孔桩基础。桥塔塔柱采用爬模施工;边跨主梁采用支架现浇施工,主跨主梁采用悬臂拼装施工。结构计算结果表明,大桥结构刚度及应力均满足要求。

装配式建筑预应力楼板技术研究与应用综述

随着国家对装配式建筑的大力推进,建筑装配率指标也越显重要,为提高建筑装配化程度,预应力楼板技术逐渐被应用到各个工程项目中。从政策规范、相关产品应用情况、装配式建筑发展趋势三个角度来阐述预应力楼板的应用状况。从结果统计来看,钢管桁架预应力叠合板、ZDB预应力叠合板、预应力混凝土叠合板适合住宅建筑,而预应力双T板、预应力空心板(SP板)、预应力带肋叠合板主要适用于大跨度公建建筑;在产品成熟度上,钢管桁架预应力叠合板技术最为成熟,应用项目最多、经济效益最好。从区域分布上看,广州、上海、浙江属于经济发达区域,装配式建筑发展已经较为成熟。

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥主梁设计

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥总长6.05 km,分布于伶仃洋大桥及中山大桥2座通航孔桥两侧。泄洪区非通航孔桥采用等跨连续梁布置,4~6跨一联。主梁设计过程中,首先进行110、120、130 m三种跨径方案比选,确定采用最经济的110 m跨径方案。然后针对结构形式,提出预应力混凝土梁、钢-混组合梁和钢箱梁3种方案,从力学性能、经济性和施工风险等方面综合考虑,最终推荐采用钢箱梁方案。钢箱梁采用外形简洁流畅的封闭式断面,有利于后期维养;考虑全线景观效果,主梁高度取4 m,高跨比为1/27.5;横隔板间距取2.5 m,采用实腹式横隔板和框架式横肋的组合式设计,使箱室内部通透性更好;钢箱梁采用Q420qD钢和Q345qD钢2种材料。钢箱梁施工采用适合海上长大桥梁的大节段预制+现场拼装的施工方案。

张弦式钢-竹组合工字形梁的短期受弯性能

为研究张弦式钢-竹组合工字形梁的受弯性能,以预应力水平、张弦及加载方式为基本参数,设计制作了12根张弦式钢-竹组合工字形梁进行受弯试验,观察分析了加载过程中组合梁的试验现象、破坏特征,探究了各参数对组合梁承载能力、应变分布、变形性能等的影响规律,并推导得出了张弦式组合梁承载力的近似计算公式。结果表明:张弦式组合梁的整体性能优良、组合效应突出,具有良好的变形性能及承载能力;张弦试件的破坏形态主要为翼缘竹材撕裂、局部钢材屈曲等破坏;施加预应力及提高预应力水平能有效增加组合梁的变形性能,以及在相同挠度控制条件下的承载能力,且采用二点张弦布置预应力筋时可获得更好的效果;张弦式组合梁跨中截面应变分布符合平截面假定,且随着预应力水平提高而中性轴下移;最后,基于理论计算得出的承载力与试验值较为接近且相对保守,近似计算公式具有较好的适用性。

珠江三角洲水资源配置工程预应力复合衬砌足尺模型试验关键施工工艺研究

基于珠三角水资源配置工程预应力复合衬砌足尺模型试验,针对此类衬砌结构型式的施工难点,从作业台车研制、内衬混凝土制备与浇筑、预应力实施等方面开展施工工艺研究。总结了预应力复合衬砌足尺模型的施工内容,并结合模型实施过程中的经验,对现有的作业台车提出改进;随后针对预应力复合衬砌的关键施工工艺展开研究,提出了专门的混凝土配合比、配套振捣系统和预应力分级张拉的顺序,以保证内衬预应力混凝土的施工质量。研究成果为预应力复合衬砌结构的现场施工工艺提供借鉴。

后张法预应力框架与钢次梁组合装配式物流库结构设计要点

提出了一种后张法预应力框架与钢次梁组合装配式物流库结构体系,并基于河北廊坊某物流园项目,介绍了该体系的结构布置,阐述了梁柱节点、预应力张拉节点、主次梁节点、组合钢次梁节点的设计要点,提供了一整套技术解决方案。对比该体系与现浇混凝土框架结构的工期与造价得到,相对于现浇混凝土框架结构,该体系能够减少工期并降低造价。

PK梁板在装配整体式框架结构中的应用

针对PK预应力混凝土叠合梁、预应力混凝土叠合梁同时在一个工程中应用遇到的模板设计与计算、起重设备的选型和吊具选择以及施工工艺等问题,结合工程实际情况,形成了PK预应力混凝土叠合梁板组合的施工工艺流程,确保PK预应力混凝土叠合板吊装的精确定位及受力性能,满足工程质量要求。

预应力波纹钢-混凝土组合板力学性能分析

为充分发挥波纹钢混凝土组合板力学性能,本文提出预应力波纹钢混凝土组合板结构。在利用试验结果验证数值模型准确性的基础上,对不同类型组合板进行了力学性能比较分析,研究了结构受荷历程和破坏模式,明确了上波纹钢板和预应力的作用机制,二者组合后显著提高了组合板弹性工作范围和抵抗破坏能力。进一步通过参数化分析,研究了预应力双层波纹钢混凝土(PSCS)组合板力学性能变化规律,结果表明:波纹钢板型号、核心混凝土厚度、栓钉间距及预应力水平对PSCS组合板抗滑移能力和抗破坏能力影响重大,其中核心混凝土厚度和波纹钢板波形影响更为明显,恰当的预应力水平能够更好发挥PSCS组合板力学特性。研究结果可为预应力波纹钢混凝土组合板结构的设计和优化提供参考和指导。

预应力混凝土组合箱梁的抗弯性能试验分析

由于不同的加固方式会对预应力混凝土组合箱梁的承载力造成一定影响,使其容易出现弯曲变形,因此开展预应力混凝土组合箱梁的抗弯性能试验分析。以桩埕路改造项目为例,将四个25 m跨度的混凝土桥梁作为测试样本,使用三分点加载方式完成桥梁试件参数设计,布置测点时需在不同位置增加应变片,通过对有效拉应力与抗弯承载力的计算,将未加固的桥梁与使用板-混凝土组合方式加固的桥梁进行对比,分析其荷载-跨中挠度与抗弯强度对桥梁性能的影响。测试结果表明:所测试的桥梁试件跨中挠度在300~600 mm之间,荷载对应提升了1500 kN;极限状态下的承载力与加固之前相比,分别提升了54.38%、50.46%、55.22%;桥梁的抗弯强度和断裂伸长率相比没有加固的桥梁,桥梁试件A3分别增加了42.5 MPa和245%。对加固后的桥梁工程效果进行分析,未发现组合箱梁裂缝问题。