Experimental research on mechanical properties of prestressed truss concrete composite beam encased with circular steel tube

Tests of 4 simply supported unbonded prestressed truss concrete composite beams encased with circular steel tube were carried out. It is found that the ratio of the stress increment of the unbonded tendon to that of the tensile steel tube is 0.252 during the using stage,and the average crack space of beams depends on the ratio of the sum of the bottom chord steel tube's outside diameter and the secondary bottom chord steel tube's section area to the effective tensile concrete area. The coefficient of uneven crack distribution is 1.68 and the formula for the calculation of crack width is established. Test results indicate that the ultimate stress increment of unbonded tendon in the beams decreases in linearity with the increase of the composite reinforcement index β0. The pure bending region of beams accords with the plane section assumption from loading to failure. The calculation formula of ultimate stress increment of the unbonded tendon and the method to calculate the bearing capacity of normal section of beams have been presented. Besides,the method to calculate the stiffness of this sort of beams is brought forward as well.

Experimental study on ultimate flexural capacity of steel encased concrete composite beams

Based on the experimental study and inelastic theory, the ultimate flexuralcapacity of steel encased concrete composite beams are derived. The difference between steel encasedconcrete composite beams with full shear connection and beams with partial shear connection,together with the relationship between the inelastic neutral axis of steel parts and concrete parts,are considered in the formulae. The calculation results of the eight specimens with full shearconnection and the three specimens with partial shear connection are in good agreement with theexperimental data, which validates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed calculationmethods. Furthermore, the nonlinear finite element analysis of the ultimate flexural capacity of thesteel encased concrete composite beams is performed. Nonlinear material properties and nonlinearcontact properties are considered in the finite element analysis. The finite element analyticalresults also correlate well with the experimental data.

Structural Behavior of Continuous Prestressed Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beam

The flexural behaviors of continuous fully and partially prestressed steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete beams are studied by experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis. Three levels of partial prestress ratio （PPR） are considered, and three pairs of two-span continuous beams with box sections varying in size are designed. The major parameters involved in the study include the PPR and the fiber location. It is concluded that the prestressed high strength concrete beam exhibits satisfactory ductility; the influences of steel fiber on the crack behaviors for partially prestressed beams are not as obvious as those for fully prestressed ones; steel fibers can improve the structural stiffness after cracking for fully prestressed high strength concrete beams; the moment redistribution from mid-span to intermediate support in the first stage should be mainly considered in practical design.

The Design and Analysis of Long-Span and Low-Depth Prestressed Composite Steel-Concrete Beam Bridge

The design scheme of long span and low depth composite steel concrete beams is introduced, and the methods of avoiding the cracking of concrete deck in the negative moment regions are proposed. Moreover, significant exploration for problems of the composite beams has been made, such as optimizing construction steps to regulate the stress, applying jacking technique to exert prestress on the concrete deck, investigating the uplifting force principle of the shear connectors by means of model test and non linear finite element analysis, and pointing out the countermeasure to reduce tension force of the shear connectors.

Simulation of Fatigue Stiffness Degradation in Prestressed Concrete Beams under Cyclic Loading

In order to investigate and research the fatigue cracking of prestressed concrete fatigue properties and loading and stiffness degeneration process,cyclic loading tests were carried out on six prestressed concrete beams and the stiffness degradation under fatigue was investigated. A simulation model of stiffness degradation is proposed based on the stiffness analysis of the fatigue-damaged section. The elastic modulus of damaged concrete and the effective residual area of steel were introduced as well as an adjusted three-stage concrete fatigue damage evolution model. The strip method was used to analyze concrete damage due to changing stress along the depth of the beam section. The simulation and test results were compared and a method of predicting fatigue deflection was presented based on the simulation model. The predicted results were compared with that of the neural network method. It is in good agreement for the simulation results with the test results. It is only less than5% error for the simulation model which can reveal the two-stage degradation of prestressed concrete beams under cyclic loading. It is more precise for the simulation prediction method under proper conditions.

Shear Behavior of Novel Prestressed Concrete Beam Subjected to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Prestressed steel ultrahigh-strength reinforced concrete(PSURC) beam is a new type of prestressed concrete beam, which not only has a considerable compressive strength attributed to the ultrahigh strength concrete, but also ensures a certain degree of ductility at failure due to the existence of structural steel. Five of these beams were monotonically tested until shear failure to investigate the static shear performance including the failure pattern, loaddeflection behavior, shear capacity, shear crack width and shear ductility. The experimental results show that these beams have superior shear capacity, crack control ability and shear ductility. To study the shear performance under repeated overloading, seven PSURC beams were loaded in cyclic test simultaneously. The overall shear performance of cycled beams is similar to that of uncycled beams at low load level but different at high load level. The shear capacity and crack control ability of cycled beams at high load level are reduced, whereas the shear ductility is improved. In addition, the influences of variables including the degree of prestress, stirrup ratio and load level on the shear performance of both uncycled and cycled beams were also discussed and compared, respectively.

工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能影响的试验研究

为了研究工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(大截面PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,对5根不同构造的大截面PEC梁进行了静力试验,研究了两点加载下主次梁腹板开洞方式对大截面PEC梁试件受弯性能、延性、破坏模式等的影响规律。结果表明:静力荷载作用下,各个试件均表现出良好的延性,腹部开孔对试件承载力和截面刚度有一定的削弱作用。型钢主钢件的应变与混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向均大致呈线性变化,符合平截面假定。按《部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构技术规程》(T/CECS 719—2020)计算得到的开工艺孔的大截面PEC梁抗弯承载力与试验值误差较小,受尺寸效应影响不大,所采用计算公式安全可靠。

局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能试验研究

针对部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点区域后浇筑混凝土不易密实的问题,研究了受拉侧混凝土对局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(局部半包裹PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,进行了2根不同构造的局部半包裹PEC梁的四点弯曲试验,模拟局部半包裹PEC梁负弯矩区受力状态,对其受弯性能、延性、破坏形式等展开分析。结果表明:局部半包裹PEC梁表现出良好的延性,挠度达到l_(0)/50时截面抗弯承载力并未下降。型钢主钢件、混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向大致呈线性变化,可引用平截面假定计算受弯承载力及刚度。局部半包裹PEC梁受拉侧混凝土对其极限承载力与破坏模式影响不大,在计算局部半包裹PEC梁柱节点受力时可不考虑受拉侧混凝土作用,节点后浇筑区域可采用半包裹填充,以加快施工进度。此外,对局部半包裹PEC梁进行建模,进行梁受弯过程的有限元分析,对比模拟结果与试验结果,二者荷载-挠度曲线吻合较好,误差均在10%以内。

部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究不同连接构造的部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点(PEC梁柱节点)的抗震性能,对2个PEC梁柱节点试件进行了拟静力加载试验,研究了低周往复荷载作用下PEC梁柱节点试件的破坏现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等抗震性能。结果表明:强轴连接PEC梁柱节点的滞回曲线呈梭形和弓形,在达到极限承载力后仍能保持一定的延性和耗能能力;弱轴连接PEC梁柱节点牛腿与梁间的焊缝处发生破坏,未展现出预期的耗能能力,PEC梁仍在弹塑性状态,没有达到极限状态;PEC梁柱节点核心区混凝土替换为加劲肋板后,试件仍具有较好的承载力、延性和耗能能力,刚度退化规律无明显变化,且强轴连接节点与弱轴连接节点刚度变化规律基本一致;PEC柱牛腿设计过短会导致焊缝连接处断裂,试件延性和耗能能力得不到发挥,剩余刚度较大。

部分预制预应力型钢混凝土梁受力性能试验与设计方法研究

为简化现场施工工序,创新将预应力技术与装配式技术集成应用于型钢混凝土结构中,提出部分预制预应力型钢混凝土(PPPSRC)梁。通过5个梁试件的受弯性能试验及5个梁试件的受剪性能试验,研究了预应力施加顺序、预应力度、预应力筋高度及预制混凝土种类对PPPSRC梁的破坏形态和截面应力发展的影响,并结合试验结果对各试件的裂缝发展规律、承载及变形能力进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:预应力施加于梁预制部分或施加于整个梁对PPPSRC梁受力性能影响较小,不同预应力施加顺序的试件开裂荷载与峰值荷载差值均在5%以内;预应力度和预制部分混凝土种类对PPPSRC梁的抗裂性能影响显著,其中PPPSRC梁的开裂荷载相较于普通型钢混凝土梁最高可提高166%,而预制部分采用超高性能混凝土相比预制部分采用普通混凝土的试件开裂荷载可提高33%。基于试验结果建立了适用于PPPSRC梁的受弯、受剪承载力以及开裂荷载的计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

CFRP-钢箱混凝土变截面新型跨座式轨道梁设计优化

为满足新型跨座式单轨系统需求,提出一种碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)-钢箱混凝土组合轨道梁形式。通过数值模拟试验,探究钢箱上室混凝土厚度对荷载作用下的钢箱混凝土轨道梁跨中顶面、底面、上室混凝土最大应力及竖向挠度的影响,得出钢箱上室混凝土的适宜厚度;在此基础上考虑运行维护阶段轨道梁抗弯性能需求,通过梁底粘贴预应力CFRP提高其抗弯性能,经分析得出钢箱混凝土变截面组合轨道梁跨中竖向挠度随梁底粘贴CFRP长度的变化趋势并给出CFRP-钢箱混凝土轨道梁的设计建议。研究结果表明:该CFRP-钢箱混凝土变截面新型跨座式单轨轨道梁抗弯性能良好,可满足实际工程需要。

山地大跨结构关键设计技术研究

恒力应急指挥中心三侧靠山,形成两个高低接地面、具有特色的掉层高层建筑。结构通过设置钢桁架连接构件,将主体结构与山体形成有效连接,将掉层部分简化了嵌固端,简化了结构的边界条件。采用弹塑性分析对结构在罕遇地震下的承载力及刚度进行验证。同时采用山体与主体结构一体化的分析技术,找寻在真实地震工况下,主体与山体连接构件的内力,验证其可靠性。对于大跨结构,采用了新型的预应力型钢混凝土梁,有效降低结构自重,减小梁高,大幅提高结构效率。本工程属于具有特色的山地建筑,结构设计采用创新处理方法,能够为类似工程项目提供参考。

Test analysis on prestressed concrete composite beams with steel boxes subjected to torsion and combined flexure and torsion

While modem prestressed techniques have improved the torsion properties of high-strength concrete （HSC） composite beams with prestressed steel （PS） boxes, no research has been reported in either the national or international literature on the an- ti-torque and composite torque properties of this type of beam. With the aim of understanding the torque properties of these beams, this paper presents results of ten comprehensive tests; three of these were based on stirrup spacings and prestressing levels as the main parameters, while the other seven were based on torsional rates. The torsion tests were conducted on the re- sults which established several key parameters, including curves of constant torsion, strain curves of steel torsion, strain distri- bution of steel beams and concrete, curves of bending-moment and mid-span deflection, as well as cross strain distribution.The prestressing impact-factor method was adopted to deduce semiempirical equations for cracking torque in such composite beams. Furthermore, this involves the use of the equation of ultimate torque based on tress-model-theory of the distortion an- gle, the calculated results show good agreement with the measured values. In summary, this paper offers theoretical analysis for future applications of HSC composite beams with PS boxes, and provides both validation of the methods employed and a reference point for on-going research on composite beams and related anti-torque studies.

挪威贝特斯塔德大桥钢箱梁吊装施工技术

贝特斯塔德大桥为挪威新建地方公路Fv.17/720(迪雷斯塔德至马尔姆项目)的一部分,位于挪威中部斯泰恩谢尔市,跨越贝斯塔德峡湾。该桥上部结构为钢混凝土叠合梁桥,全长580m,桥宽11m,共6跨,主跨为112m×2,建成时,为中国施工企业建造的最大跨度钢箱混凝土叠合梁桥,基础采用钢管外壳钢筋混凝土斜桩,水中承台采用薄壁圆角承台,墩柱采用实心钢筋混凝土。

预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱新型框架节点受剪承载力计算方法

梁柱节点受剪承载力计算是混凝土框架结构节点抗震设计的关键点之一,由于节点剪力传递机理与构造的复杂性,目前尚未形成完善的节点受剪承载力计算理论。该文阐述了预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱新型框架节点的受力机理,并基于桁架模型和斜压杆模型,提出了一种同时考虑预应力筋与型钢贡献的节点受剪承载力计算方法。开展了新型节点受力性能拟静力试验,分别选取了梁端破坏与节点剪切破坏两种破坏形式的节点试验数据,对所建立的新型节点受剪承载力计算方法进行了验证评估,结果表明,该文提出的预应力混凝土梁-型钢混凝土柱框架节点承载力计算方法具有较好的精度。

负弯矩区部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC-NC组合梁抗剪承载力研究

为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC-NC组合梁负弯矩区受剪性能,开展3根部分充填式窄幅钢箱组合梁加载试验,研究组合梁的破坏模式、变形及裂缝分布规律。基于ABAQUS软件建立组合梁有限元模型,通过试验结果验证模型的准确性,并分析充填混凝土强度fcu、充填混凝土高度hf、UHPC层厚度hu和剪跨比λ对组合梁抗剪承载力的影响。研究结果表明:3根组合梁钢箱上箱室均发生剪切破坏,翼板跨中出现弯曲主裂缝,加载点与支座间产生剪切斜裂缝。在弹性阶段,UHPC和NC、钢箱与翼板协同工作性能良好,NC翼板组合梁端部表现出明显的剪切破坏;UHPC翼板组合梁的开裂荷载、屈服荷载及极限荷载较NC翼板组合梁分别提高55%、37.5%和12.5%,最大裂缝宽度从1.48 mm降至0.82 mm。有限元模型计算与试验结果吻合良好,可用于组合梁受力性能参数分析。组合梁抗剪承载力随hu的增加基本呈线性关系,当hu从0增加至100 mm时,组合梁抗剪承载力提高12.5%;当hf达到0.3后、提高fcu对组合梁抗剪承载力的影响并不显著,hf应控制在0.3左右且fcu不宜过高;组合梁抗剪承载力随着λ的增加基本呈线性关系递减,λ=2.8为组合梁弯剪破坏和受弯破坏界限剪跨比。提出考虑钢箱、充填混凝土和翼板贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式,并与试验和数值模拟结果进行验证分析,结果吻合良好且偏于安全。

箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁的抗震性能

对一种箱形截面钢-混凝土组合连梁展开研究,通过有限元模拟和理论分析对其屈服模式、抗震性能进行了深入探索。对不同参数取值下组合连梁的屈服模式进行对比分析,基于组合连梁长度与屈服承载力的关系,给出屈服模式的判定准则,研究了不同参数对组合连梁屈服模式的影响规律。结果表明:减小截面高度、钢腹板高厚比、钢材屈服强度、混凝土强度,增大剪跨比、钢翼缘宽厚比、截面高宽比等措施均使耗能梁段更容易弯曲屈服。轴向受压时,弯曲屈服型构件的延性普遍优于剪切屈服型构件;轴向受拉时,剪切屈服型构件的延性优于弯曲屈服型构件。剪切屈服型构件的弹性段刚度、屈服荷载、极限荷载以及能量耗散系数普遍大于弯曲屈服型构件。

超高性能混凝土-充填式窄幅钢箱组合梁裂缝宽度计算

为了探讨超高性能混凝土-充填式窄幅钢箱组合梁裂缝发展规律和分布,评估现行规范中最大裂缝宽度计算公式对该类组合梁的适用性,考虑组合梁钢纤维掺量、充填混凝土高度和配筋率3个因素,对6根该类组合梁开展弯曲试验;根据超高性能混凝土的特性,提出该类组合梁钢筋应力计算方法;修正现行规范中最大裂缝宽度计算公式,并考虑钢纤维掺量的影响,建立该类组合梁的最大裂缝宽度计算公式。结果表明:组合梁开始出现裂缝后最大裂缝宽度发展较缓慢,在最大裂缝宽度达到0.16 mm之前,荷载等级-最大裂缝宽度曲线大致呈线性,组合梁屈服后裂缝宽度迅速增大;增加钢纤维掺量和配筋率可明显限制裂缝发展,钢箱充填超高性能混凝土可明显增强组合梁极限承载能力;现行规范中最大裂缝宽度公式计算该类组合梁最大裂缝宽度过于保守,所提出该类组合梁钢筋应力计算方法和组合梁最大裂缝宽度公式的计算值与弯曲试验实测值均吻合较好。

窄幅钢箱连续组合梁受力性能有限元分析

为了解决钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区开裂以及钢箱受压屈曲问题,提出采用窄幅钢箱连续组合梁对钢-混凝土组合梁进行优化,并在窄幅钢箱连续组合梁桥面翼板的负弯矩区采用超高性能混凝土材料部分替代强度等级为C40的混凝土,形成超高性能混凝土-窄幅钢箱连续组合梁,进一步优化窄幅钢箱连续组合梁受力性能;采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立超高性能混凝土-窄幅钢箱连续组合梁有限元模型,在验证模型适用性的基础上,分析窄幅钢箱连续组合梁的受弯过程,并对窄幅钢箱连续组合梁翼板、钢筋、钢箱云图进行对比。结果表明:窄幅钢箱连续组合梁中混凝土的充填跨度对窄幅钢箱连续组合梁刚度存在一定的影响,超高性能混凝土材料显著改善了翼板的抗裂性能,翼板受拉区损伤面积减小95%以上;当采用超高性能混凝土材料完全替代普通混凝土材料时,窄幅钢箱连续组合梁的刚度、开裂荷载、极限荷载等性能得到较大改善。

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥主梁设计

深中通道泄洪区非通航孔桥总长6.05 km,分布于伶仃洋大桥及中山大桥2座通航孔桥两侧。泄洪区非通航孔桥采用等跨连续梁布置,4~6跨一联。主梁设计过程中,首先进行110、120、130 m三种跨径方案比选,确定采用最经济的110 m跨径方案。然后针对结构形式,提出预应力混凝土梁、钢-混组合梁和钢箱梁3种方案,从力学性能、经济性和施工风险等方面综合考虑,最终推荐采用钢箱梁方案。钢箱梁采用外形简洁流畅的封闭式断面,有利于后期维养;考虑全线景观效果,主梁高度取4 m,高跨比为1/27.5;横隔板间距取2.5 m,采用实腹式横隔板和框架式横肋的组合式设计,使箱室内部通透性更好;钢箱梁采用Q420qD钢和Q345qD钢2种材料。钢箱梁施工采用适合海上长大桥梁的大节段预制+现场拼装的施工方案。