Novel Methodologies for Preventing Crack Propagation in Steel Gas Pipelines Considering the Temperature Effect

Using the software ANSYS-19.2/Explicit Dynamics,this study performedfinite-element modeling of the large-diameter steel pipeline cross-section for the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline with a non-through straight crack,strengthened by steel wire wrapping.The effects of the thread tensile force of the steel winding in the form of single rings at the crack edges and the wires with different winding diameters and pitches were also studied.The results showed that the strengthening was preferably executed at a minimum value of the thread tensile force,which was 6.4%more effective than that at its maximum value.The analysis of the influence of the winding dia-meters showed that the equivalent stresses increased by 32%from the beginning of the crack growth until the wire broke.The increment in winding diameter decelerated the disclosure of the edge crack and reduced its length by 8.2%.The analysis of the influence of the winding pitch showed that decreasing the distance between the winding turns also led to a 33.6%reduction in the length of the straight crack and a 7.9%reduction in the maximum stres-ses on the strengthened pipeline cross-section.The analysis of the temperature effect on the pipeline material,within a range from-40℃ to+50℃,resulted in a crack length change of up to 5.8%.As the temperature dropped,the crack length decreased.Within such a temperature range,the maximum stresses were observed along the cen-tral area of the crack,which were equal to 413 MPa at+50℃ and 440 MPa at-40℃.The results also showed that the presence of the steel winding in the pipeline significantly reduced the length of crack propagation up to 8.4 times,depending on the temperature effect and design parameters of prestressing.This work integrated the existing methods for crack localization along steel gas pipelines.

Influence of spin-orbit coupling induced by in-plane external electric field on the intrinsic spin-Hall effect in a Rashba two-dimensional electron gas

We study theoretically the influence of spin-orbit coupling induced by in-plane external electric field on the intrinsic spin-Hall effect in a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We show that, after such an influence is taken into account, the static intrinsic spin-Hall effect can be stabilized in a disordered Rashba twodimensional electron gas, and the static intrinsic spin-Hall conductivity shall exhibit some interesting characteristics as conceived in some original theoretical proposals.

Unified analogue method of effective prestress for post-prestressed tendon

In order to obtain the present effective prestress and its longitudinal distribution of prestressed tendon during the process of inspection and evaluation, a unified analogue method was put forward. Based on the theory for calculating instantaneous prestress loss of the tendons with complicated geometry, a universal numerical model was established. Therefore, the distribution of effective prestress could be simulated after recognizing the nominal coefficients of prestress loss with the obtained stress data of objective steel tendon. The numerical simulation results of a full-length tendon of a three-span continuous beam bridge show that the relative errors between the calculated value and the value in the code are within 5%, which meets the requirement for engineering application.

Optical simulation of in-plane-switching blue phase liquid crystal display using the finite-difference time-domain method

The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the optical characteristics of an in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display.Compared with the matrix optic methods and the refractive method,the finite-difference timedomain method,which is used to directly solve Maxwell＇s equations,can consider the lateral variation of the refractive index and obtain an accurate convergence effect.The simulation results show that e-rays and o-rays bend in different directions when the in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display is driven by the operating voltage.The finitedifference time-domain method should be used when the distribution of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display has a large lateral change.

Simulation of Fatigue Stiffness Degradation in Prestressed Concrete Beams under Cyclic Loading

In order to investigate and research the fatigue cracking of prestressed concrete fatigue properties and loading and stiffness degeneration process,cyclic loading tests were carried out on six prestressed concrete beams and the stiffness degradation under fatigue was investigated. A simulation model of stiffness degradation is proposed based on the stiffness analysis of the fatigue-damaged section. The elastic modulus of damaged concrete and the effective residual area of steel were introduced as well as an adjusted three-stage concrete fatigue damage evolution model. The strip method was used to analyze concrete damage due to changing stress along the depth of the beam section. The simulation and test results were compared and a method of predicting fatigue deflection was presented based on the simulation model. The predicted results were compared with that of the neural network method. It is in good agreement for the simulation results with the test results. It is only less than5% error for the simulation model which can reveal the two-stage degradation of prestressed concrete beams under cyclic loading. It is more precise for the simulation prediction method under proper conditions.

Analysis of the role of diffraction in topographic site effects using boundary element techniques

The role played by the diffraction field on the problem of seismic site effects is studied. For that purpose we solve and analyze simple scattering problems under P and SV in-plane wave assumptions, using two well known direct boundary-element-based numerical methods. After establishing the difference between scattered and diffracted motions, and introducing the concept of artificious and physically based incoming fields, we obtain the amplitude of the Fourier spectra for the diffracted part of the response： this is achieved after establishing the connection between the spatial distribution of the transfer function over the studied simple topographies and the diffracted field. From the numerical simulations it is observed that this diffracted part of the response is responsible for the amplification of the surface ground motions due to the geometric effect. Furthermore, it is also found that the diffraction field sets in a fingerprint of the topographic effect in the total ground motions. These conclusions are further supported by observations in the time-domain in terms of snapshots of the propagation patterns over the complete computational model. In this sense the geometric singularities are clearly identified as sources of diffraction and for the considered range of dimensionless frequencies it is evident that larger amplifications are obtained for the geometries containing a larger number of diffraction sources thus resulting in a stronger topographic effect. The need for closed-form solutions of canonical problems to construct a robust analysis method based on the diffraction field is identified.

ANALYSIS ON INCREMENTAL COHESION OF SURROUNDING ROCK DUE TO PRESTRESSED CABLE ANCHOR

A new method for determining the incremental cohesion △Cm of surrounding rock due to prestressed cable anchor is presented, and the formulas for △Cm are deduced and △Cm distributions also are discussed, based on the two anchorage effects, one is the effect with the prestressed vaIue △σ3 of cable anchor improving the stress state of surrounding rock and increasing the surrounding rock strength, the other is the fully encapsulated effect. The determined incremental cohesion △Cm is subiected to the model test and field measurement in the references, and coincides well with those tested results. The formulas for △Cm can be used in designing supoport parameters and related numerical analyses of prestressed cable anchor.

Effects of Band Nonparabolicity and Band Offset on the Electron Gas Properties in InAs/AlSb Quantum Well

One-band effective mass model is used to simulation of electron gas properties in quantum well. We calculate of dispersion curves for first three subbands. Calculation results of Fermi energy, effective mass at Fermi level as function of electron concentration are presented. The obtained results are good agreement with the experimental dates.

不同应力水平下给定含水率混凝土低温有效预压性能试验研究

为评估低温储罐类预应力混凝土结构设计及安全性能,通过对混凝土施加各种初始预压应力水平(0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6及0.7)并在-160℃低温作用下的试验,系统地探讨其有效预压性能变化规律,同时比较较高和正常两种较为典型混凝土含水率情况对其影响差异。结果表明,随施加的初始预压应力水平提高,混凝土降温点和温均点时的有效预压应力损失率均呈下降的变化趋势,而其降温段和恒温段时的有效预压应力变化率的变化较为复杂;混凝土达其降温点后恒温阶段的有效预压应力损失均有所恢复,且随初始预压应力水平的提高其恢复程度更加明显;含水率对不同初始预压应力水平混凝土低温作用下降温点和恒温点时的有效预压应力损失率变化趋势未产生影响,仅使其变化程度有较明显的差异。

预应力效应对中速磁浮线路简支梁车-桥耦合振动响应的影响

以长沙磁浮线路简支梁桥为研究对象,建立考虑不同预应力效应的磁浮线路简支梁桥车-桥耦合振动模型,分析预应力效应对中速磁浮线路车-桥耦合振动响应的影响。结果表明:预应力效应的变化对桥梁动力响应影响明显,预应力增加显著加剧桥梁竖向振动加速度,预应力由0.67P0(P0为张拉控制应力)增加到1.33P0时,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.21 m/s^(2)增至0.44 m/s^(2);车速增加会加剧预应力效应的影响,对桥梁竖向振动加速度的影响尤为明显,车速由20 km/h增加到200 km/h时,在1.00P0作用下,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.15 m/s^(2)增至0.76 m/s^(2);箱壁局部变形对车-桥耦合竖向振动响应有显著影响,预应力导致的箱壁局部变形不可忽略。

全长预应力锚注支护下深部巷道控制效果对比研究

本文基于后注浆的全长预应力锚注支护工艺,并通过对FLAC3D软件中内嵌PILE结构单元修正,提出了全长预应力锚注支护数值模拟方法。在此基础上,开展了地应力、原岩强度等级、支护构件长度、布设间距、注浆强化指数与预应力6种因素下巷道围岩控制效果数值模拟对比研究,揭示了各类因素对围岩变形量、塑性区演化的影响规律,构建了全长预应力锚注支护下控制效果敏感性评价指标,将影响因素依次划分为围岩强度、地应力、锚注支护构件设计3个层级,并根据各因素敏感性层级给出了工程措施建议。最后,以现场典型软弱破碎地层巷道为工程依托,研发了具有强度高、可施加预应力等优势的组合式高强注浆锚杆与高强中空注浆锚索。通过现场应用,验证了全长预应力锚注支护可有效增强软弱破碎围岩自承载能力,充分发挥锚固构件的支护潜力,限制巷道围岩变形破坏。

基于宏应变的CFRP板桥梁加固效果快速评估试验研究

为实现在不中断正常交通情况下对既有公路桥梁加固效果进行快速量化评估,本文以预应力CFRP板加固空心板足尺梁为试验对象,基于长标距光纤光栅应变传感技术,推导了移动车辆荷载下简支梁桥长标距应变影响线计算公式;在此基础上,研究了预应力CFRP板加固桥梁前后长标距应变影响线的表现特征,提出了基于移动车辆荷载下长标距应变时程面积包络线的桥梁加固效果评估指标;开展了预应力CFRP板加固空心板梁足尺试验研究,并对其加固效果进行了快速评估与监测。试验结果表明:基于移动车辆荷载下的桥梁长标距应变影响线能够有效地评估预应力CFRP板桥梁加固效果,长标距应变时程面积随着CFRP板预应力水平的增加而减小,通过评估分析得到本次加固试验中桥梁加固效果分别为7.07%、6.90%。

预应力钢带加固震后受损框架的抗震性能试验研究

首先以1∶2的缩尺比例设计并制作了一榀单跨三层的钢筋混凝土框架试件CF。对试件CF进行拟静力加载,以模拟水平地震作用。待加载结束后,先对试件CF中受损处混凝土进行修复,再采用预应力钢带在其梁端、柱端以及节点处进行加固,形成震后加固试件SCF,最后对试件SCF再次进行拟静力加载。通过观察两个试件的裂缝发展,对比分析2个试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、承载力、刚度及耗能性能,研究了预应力钢带对震后框架结构的加固效果。结果表明:与试件CF相比,震后加固试件SCF的承载力并没有明显下降,承载力退化和刚度退化均有所减慢。试件SCF、CF在极限点的最大层间位移角分别是1/23、1/41,说明采用钢带加固可以提高结构的延性和变形能力。试件SCF在3个特征点(屈服点、峰值点、极限点)处的累积耗能量分别达到试件CF相应累积耗能量的7.1、3.1、2.5倍,体现了良好的耗能能力。

Electronic property and topological phase transition in a graphene/CoBr_(2) heterostructure

Recently,significant experimental advancements in achieving topological phases have been reported in van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures involving graphene.Here,using first-principles calculations,we investigate graphene/CoBr_(2)(Gr/CoBr_(2))heterostructures and find that an enhancement of in-plane magnetic anisotropy(IMA)energy in monolayer CoBr_(2) can be accomplished by reducing the interlayer distance of the vdW heterostructures.In addition,we clarify that the enhancement of IMA energy primarily results from two factors:one is the weakness of the Co-d_(xy) and Co-d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbital hybridization and the other is the augmentation of the Co-d_(yz) and Co-d_(z)2 orbital hybridization.Meanwhile,calculation results suggest that the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition temperature(TKT)of a 2D XY magnet Gr/CoBr_(2)(23.8 K)is higher than that of a 2D XY monolayer CoBr_(2)(1.35 K).By decreasing the interlayer distances,the proximity effect is more pronounced and band splitting appears.Moreover,by taking into account spin–orbit coupling,a band gap of approximately 14.3 meV and the quantum anomalous Hall effect(QAHE)are attained by decreasing the interlayer distance by 1.0 A.Inspired by the above conclusions,we design a topological field transistor device model.Our results support that the vdW interlayer distance can be used to modulate the IMA energy and QAHE of materials,providing a pathway for the development of new low-power spintronic devices.

粘贴钢板加固竖向开裂T梁加固效果评价

为研究粘贴钢板对竖向开裂预应力混凝土T梁的加固效果,通过破坏性试验研究2片20 m预应力混凝土竖向开裂T梁的受力性能。分别从裂缝、位移、应变等方面对加固效果进行评价。结果表明:竖向开裂T梁的结构安全储备不足,但相比于未加固梁,通过粘贴钢板加固,开裂后的刚度提升了33.2%,屈服荷载和极限承载力分别提升了34.7%、52.9%;减少了33.7%的裂缝产生与扩展;并且在混凝土进入软化阶段前,钢板与结构的协同受力能力优异。可见,粘贴钢板加固预应力混凝土竖向开裂T梁的加固效果优异。

PC连续箱梁桥的日照温度效应及合龙温度研究

以云南省某大跨径预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为工程背景,研究其日照温度效应以及合龙温度的确定。使用ANSYS数值模拟混凝土箱梁的温度场,结合实测值验证其可靠性,并拟合相应的指数型温度梯度曲线;使用Midas研究日照温度模式对混凝土箱梁桥施工中和成桥下的内力和位移影响;基于年温差效应对合理合龙温度进行研究,并针对非设计合龙温度下的合理施工提出相应的改善措施。结果表明,温度场计算理论得出的数据同实测值吻合较好;拟合出指数型的升温和降温模式下的温度效应公式,尤其是对最大悬臂状态的下挠影响显著,最大下挠值达21.6 mm;结构因整体升温或降温产生的横向位移值比竖向位移值大,升温22℃时,最大纵向位移值为-31.2 mm;合龙温度为10℃时,对主梁结构的受力最好,同时升温带来的结构上挠值对结构长期变形有利。

简支预应力混凝土箱梁的收缩徐变效应研究

采用有限元方法对60m简支预应力混凝土箱梁的收缩应变、徐变应变与混凝土龄期之间的关系,收缩徐变效应对简支箱梁的竖向变形的影响,以及收缩徐变效应引起的预应力损失对简支箱梁的竖向变形的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,在浇筑结束至龄期100d范围内,收缩徐变应变随龄期增长呈现出线性快速增长态势;龄期超过100d后,应变增大速度逐渐减缓;在混凝土浇筑结束至龄期25d时间范围内,徐变变形随龄期增长呈线性快速增长趋势;随混凝土龄期进一步增长,徐变变形增速减缓;在混凝土浇筑结束至龄期140d范围内,收缩徐变效应导致的预应力损失引起主梁最大下挠2.3mm,龄期达1000d时的主梁下挠最大值为4.0mm。

框架预应力锚杆支护边坡稳定性及锚固参数灵敏度分析

灵敏度分析对于解决土木工程中众多参数的辨识问题具有重要作用。为了研究框架预应力锚杆支护边坡锚固参数对土质边坡在动力作用下稳定性安全系数的影响以及锚固参数对安全系数灵敏度的影响,采用GeoStudio有限元软件建立黄土地区框架预应力锚杆支护边坡的计算模型,并通过采用全局差分法建立灵敏度近似计算的分析模型,用以研究各锚固参数与灵敏度之间的关系。结果表明:每一个支护参数都有一个最佳水平,可以使安全系数达到最高值;锚固参数对灵敏度的影响大小依次为锚杆水平倾角、水平间距、竖向间距以及锚杆长度。分析结果可为框架预应力锚杆支护结构的优化设计提供参考。

基于冻融循环本构的预应力对拉式挡墙的冻胀效应研究

预应力对拉式挡墙的冻胀受力状态复杂,墙背的冻胀力分布尚不明确,进一步探究预应力对拉式挡墙的冻胀力分布具有重要意义。根据哈尔滨某地区的实际监测温度,采用ABAQUS数值模拟软件模拟温度场在模型空间的合理分布。基于冻融循环后混凝土塑性损伤本构,在所建立的温度场上进行热力耦合分析,研究预应力筋、冻胀时间对预应力对拉式挡墙冻胀效应的影响。研究结果表明:挡土墙所受冻胀力呈现“上小下大”的上三角分布趋势,且随着冻胀时间增加,冻胀力会呈现先逐渐增大然后逐渐减小的趋势,并在冻胀后120 d冻胀力达到最大。相比之下,由于预应力钢筋的存在,预应力对拉式挡土墙会使冻胀力在该处产生应力集中而增大,最大可使冻胀力增加200 kPa左右。在预应力钢筋的作用下,挡土墙的水平位移会减小40%~116%。本文研究结果可以为季节性冻土区的预应力对拉式挡土墙施工和设计提供技术支撑。

隧道锚索预应力损失影响因素研究

实际施工中影响隧道锚索预应力损失的因素众多,相比于基坑和边坡用锚索,隧道中锚索预应力损失的影响因素更加复杂,并且各因素间互相关联。为探究不同因素对预应力损失影响的方式和程度,通过结合过往对锚索预应力损失的研究成果,将影响锚索预应力的因素划分为系统损失、短期损失和长期损失,并对隧道锚索预应力损失的影响因素和损失机理进行了总结和归纳,从而更加清晰地认识了各因素对预应力的影响方式,其对隧道锚索的设计、施工和管理有一定参考价值,有利于提高锚固工程的经济效益和社会效益。