Fish Consumption Advisories and the Surprising Relationship to Prevalence Rate of Developmental Disability as Reported by Public Schools

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), fish consumption is the most significant route of mercury exposure, and the concern is greatest for women of childbearing age due to the potential for neurodevelopmental effects on a developing fetus. Rates of developmental disorders vary. But in 2008 it was demonstrated that the rate of autism is higher near industries that emit heavy metals. Furthermore past research findings can be taken to show that where a pregnancy occurred may predict later autism likelihood in the offspring more than where diagnosis occurs. If mercury plays any role in developmental disabilities, the rate of disability should relate to any reliable direct measure of contamination. The current research focuses on one index of environmental mercury contamination. Specifically, mercury-related fish advisories are found to be a surprisingly strong predictor of a state’s autism rate, r = 0.48, p < 0.001. The relationship remains strong after controlling for student to teacher ratio and per pupil spending. It is argued that a secular increase in autism has been occurring and that prenatal exposure to heavy metal toxins may play a significant role. Because we suspect this finding may be of some interest, the full data set is provided in the appendix so that researchers can independently analyze the key findings which rely on CDC, EPA and IDEA data sets.

AGE AND SITES-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE RATES OF PRECANCEROUS GASTRIC LESIONS AT A HIGH-RISK POPULATION OF STOMACH CANCER

A population-based screening for stomach cancer (SC) and its precancerous lesions was conducted in Linqu County, Shandong, China, one of the highest SC rates found in China and the world. An analysis of precancerous stomach lesions revealed that chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) was a universal common among people aged 35-64 (96-98%). For 52% and 20% of the residents in this age group had Intestinal metaplasia (IM) or dysplssia (DYS). These more advanced lesions were more pronounced in the antrum for both males and females. Age-specific prevalence rates in different anatomic locations sshowed that CAG, developed in the antrum, particularly along the lesser curvature earter than other sites and spread to fundus. IM and DYS accrued under the background of CAG with a leading time in the antrum than the other part of the stomach. Although CAG, IM and DYS prevalence rates were higher in the antrum than In the fundus, the prevalence rates showed a similar smoothly slope, a result of accumulated somatic geneticdamage, suggesting a similar biological response to the stimulation of initiator of carcinogenesis, promoter leading to progression to SC.

A Study on the Global Scenario of COVID-19 Related Case Fatality Rate, Recovery Rate and Prevalence Rate and Its Implications for India—A Record Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Importance: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pandemic claiming millions of lives since the first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China during December 2019. It is thus important to make cross-country comparison of the relevant rates and understand the socio-demographic risk factors. Methods: This is a record based retrospective cohort study. Table 1 was extracted from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ and from the Corona virus resource center (Table 2, Figures 1-3), Johns Hopkins University. Data for Table 1 includes all countries which reported >1000 cases and Table 2 includes 20 countries reporting the largest number of deaths. The estimation of CFR, RR and PR of the infection, and disease pattern across geographical clusters in the world is presented. Results: From Table 1, we could infer that as on 4th May 2020, COVID-19 has rapidly spread world-wide with total infections of 3,566,423 and mortality of 248,291. The maximum morbidity is in USA with 1,188,122 cases and 68,598 deaths (CFR 5.77%, RR 15% and PR 16.51%), while Spain is at the second position with 247,122 cases and 25,264 deaths (CFR 13.71%, RR 38.75%, PR 9.78%). Table 2 depicts the scenario as on 8th October 2020, where-in the highest number of confirmed cases occurred in US followed by India and Brazil (cases per million population: 23,080, 5007 & 23,872 respectively). For deaths per million population: US recorded 647, while India and Brazil recorded 77 and 708 respectively. Conclusion: Studying the distribution of relevant rates across different geographical clusters plays a major role for measuring the disease burden, which in-turn enables implementation of appropriate public healthcare measures.

Investigation of Prevalence Rate of Acute Severe Altitude Diseaseof Construction Groups at High Altitude

Objective: To know the prevalence rate of the acute severe altitude disease of the crowds who are working on the high altitude and the influential foctors upon the people. Method By epidemiology,a survey of 27606 persons who are working on the plateau has been made in the past three years,of which 229 persons had got the disease. 8175 persons who had received finer basic preventions in the group (Group A), has been compared with 19430 persons who had a weak or no basic provention in the group (Group B); the groups working on the plateau with 3 different elevations of above～3600, ～4600 & 5072 meters sea level have been compared. Resuts: The prevalence rate is 0.83% in total groaps, of wich, high altitude pulmonary edema is 0.50%, high altitude cerebral edema is 0.28%, the patients who has got both the above diseases is 0.05%. The prevalance rates of the above in Group B and those of higher elevation are higher than those in Group A. 0.32% in Group A, and 1.04% in Group B.(x2=36.95, p<0.001);the prevalence rate on the 3 different high elevations are 0.00%, 0.68% and 1.34% in proper order. The prevalence rate of individuals groups in the highest 4.82%(the first year) and 2.26% (the next year ) and all the diseases came on the groups working on the highest elevation areas. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of acute severe plateau disease is very stern, the main influential factors are the height above the sea level, and the level of basic prvention for the crowds. Enhancing the protection of the labourers and medical safeguard, and social psychological adaption can cut down the prevalence rate, and this is the first important problem to solve for the plateau medicine and support from the society.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users in Shanghai

AIM:To characterize the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection among Chinese intravenous drug users(IDUs).METHODS:A total of 432 adult IDUs(95 women and337 men)in Shanghai were included in the study.The third-generation Elecsys Anti-HCV assay(Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Sandhofer Strasse 116,D-68305,Mannheim,Germany)was used to screen for antibodies against HCV.The RIBA strip,a supplemental antiHCV test with high specificity,was performed on all of the samples that tested positive during the initial screening.All of the anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed with a Cobas TaqMan 48 Analyzer(Roche Diagnostics)for direct detection of HCV RNA.All of the HCV RNA-positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination.RESULTS:The preliminary screening identified 262(60.6%)subjects who were seropositive for HCV.Of the 62 females and 200 males seropositive subjects,16(16.7%)and 65(19.3%),respectively,were confirmed by RIBA,yielding an overall HCV seropositive rate of18.8%.Four female(6.5%)and 14 male(7.0%)subjects tested positive for HCV RNA,indicating an active infection rate of 4.2%for the entire study population.The 18 HCV RNA-positive serum samples were genotyped.Seven individuals were genotype 1b,and four were genotype 1a.One individual each was infected with genotypes 2a,2b and 3a.Four subjects were coinfected with multiple strains:two with genotypes 1a and 2a,and two with genotypes 1b and 2a.The active infection rate among HCV-seropositive individuals was22.2%,which was significantly lower than most estimates.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HCV is relatively low among IDUs in Shanghai,with a spontaneous recovery rate much higher than previous estimates.

Hypertension Prevalence in Liaoning Province, 1991

利用全国1991年高血压抽样调查辽宁省资料，对辽宁省高血压患病率进行分析。采用整群抽样方法，全省共调查33376人，应答率90．3，全省确诊高血压患病率7．91％；临界加确诊高血压患病率为14．94％，均较1979～1980年患病率水平为高。男性患病率高于女性（表现在较年轻组）；城市人口患病率高于农村人口（表现在35岁以上各年龄组）。

CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE AND USE－EFFECTIVENESS OF MARRIED WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN THE RURAL AREAS OF SHAANXI PROVINCE

In order to study women's fertility and behavior in shaanxi Province, we used PPS method to sample Weinan, Nanzheng and Yan'an counties which represent the centre, south and north of Shaanxi respectively from February to March in 1990. 3253 qualified married women of reproductive age were available. Because contraception is one of the most imPOrtant proximate determinants in inhibiting fertility, we just measured contraceptive prevalence and use-effectiveness among different subgroups in this dissertation. The results indicated that the prevalence rate of contraception was 75. 9 %, prevalence of different contraceptive methods varied widely: it was 43. 5% in IUD, 27. 7% in women'sterilization, 2. 0% in pill, 1.9% in men's sterilization, 0. 2% in condom and 0. 7 % in other methods, The average use-effectiveness of three methods was 0. 9965 for sterilization,0. 8792 for IUD and 0. 8520 for other methods and total average use-effectiveness was 0. 9251.

Evaluation and application of a milk antibody ELISA for assessing the prevalence and incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province,China

Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.

2016—2020年武汉市医院感染横断面调查结果趋势研究

目的 了解武汉市医疗机构医院感染和社区感染现状,分析医院感染的流行趋势与管理重点。方法 采用病历调查和床旁调查相结合的方法,按照全国医院感染监控管理培训基地制定的全国医院感染横断面调查表进行调查,分析2016、2018、2020年的调查数据。结果 2016、2018、2020年武汉市医院感染现患率分别为2.66%、2.21%、1.85%,社区感染现患率分别为17.81%、17.82%、16.29%,均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。医院感染现患率较高的科室为综合重症监护病房(ICU)、血液病科(组)、神经外科、胸外科、儿科新生儿组;社区感染现患率较高的科室为儿科非新生组、呼吸科(组)、感染病科(组)、综合ICU、儿科新生儿组。医院感染、社区感染感染部位均以下呼吸道为主,其中2016、2018、2020年术后下呼吸道医院感染构成比分别为12.85%、18.39%、22.09%。2016、2018、2020年手术部位医院感染现患率分别为0.99%、0.82%、0.69%。医院感染、社区感染病原体均以革兰阴性菌为主。结论 2016、2018、2020年武汉市医疗机构医院感染管理取得了较好的成效,但综合ICU、下呼吸道医院感染等问题仍需在后期工作中强化改进。

2018—2022年浙江省羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测分析

为掌握浙江省羊布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)流行情况,2018—2022年累计在6810个场点采集375433份血清学样品,使用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对羊血清布病抗体进行检测。结果显示:2018—2022年浙江省羊布病群体阳性率分别为0.16%、0.41%、0.29%、0.13%、0.07%,个体阳性率分别为0.090%、0.080%、0.280%、0.010%、0.004%,种羊场、商品代养殖场、散养户和流通场所个体阳性率分别为0、0.09%、0.01%、0.19%,温州、湖州、衢州、金华、嘉兴等5个地市个体阳性率分别为0.29%、0.16%、0.10%、0.03%和0.02%。结果表明,5年来浙江省羊布病防控成效明显,阳性率呈整体下降趋势,但羊养殖量大、交易频繁地区的防控形势不容乐观,流通场所仍是羊布病防控的薄弱环节。建议坚持检测、扑杀、无疫小区和净化场建设等措施,探索使用先进科技手段有效打击违规调运行为,进一步降低羊群布病流行率,维护畜牧业生产安全和公共卫生安全。

上海市嘉定区2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的:分析上海市嘉定区2型糖尿病患者的视网膜病变筛查结果及可能的影响因素。方法:2017年对嘉定区13家社区卫生服务中心的13184例2型糖尿病患者进行视网膜病变筛查,包括视力、电脑验光及眼底照相等。结果:嘉定区参加糖尿病视网膜病变筛查的患者共13184例,男性6233例,占47.28%,女性6951例,占52.72%;患者以60~69岁为主,占50.16%,其次分别为70~79岁、50~59岁、<50岁和≥80岁组,占比分别为24.83%、20.05%、2.49%和2.47%;共检出糖尿病视网膜病变患者2004例,检出率15.20%,男性15.58%,女性14.86%,不同性别检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.311,P=0.252);<50岁组检出率最高(17.99%),其次为50~59岁组(17.14%),≥80岁组最低(10.43%),较低年龄组患者检出率较高,不同年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.502,P<0.01)。糖尿病视网膜病变分期构成结果显示,2004例糖尿病视网膜病变患者中轻度非增殖期、中度非增殖期、重度非增殖期及增殖期病例数分别为927例、800例、251例和26例,占比分别为46.26%、39.92%、12.52%和1.30%。多因素分析结果显示,与≥80岁组比,<50岁、50~59岁及60~69岁糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病风险更大;合并白内障的患者糖尿病视网膜病变患病风险更大。结论:与≥80岁的糖尿病患者相比,<80岁糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病风险可能更大。

老年维持性血液透析病人慢性便秘患病率和危险因素研究

目的探讨老年维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)病人慢性便秘的患病率及其危险因素。方法选取2023年1—6月东南大学附属中大医院血液净化中心定期随访的116例老年MHD病人为研究对象,收集病人的临床相关指标,采用便秘评分量表(constipation assessment scale,CAS)评估老年MHD病人的便秘水平。采用Pearson相关性分析探讨慢性便秘和临床指标的相关性;使用Logistic回归分析探讨老年MHD病人慢性便秘的危险因素。结果58例(50%)老年MHD病人患有慢性便秘,便秘评分与BMI、TC、TG水平以及总水量(total body water,TBW)、脂肪含量(body fat mass,BFM)和肥胖程度均呈正相关(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,TC、TG、TBW、BFM和肥胖程度是老年MHD病人便秘的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年MHD病人便秘的患病率较高,TC、TG、TBW、BFM和肥胖程度对老年MHD病人发生慢性便秘存在显著影响。

2020-2022年云南地区住院患者医院感染现患率调查

目的了解2020-2022年云南地区住院患者医院感染现状,为优化相应的防控措施提供参考资料。方法通过云南省医院感染质量控制中心监测系统收集2020-2022年云南地区医院感染现患率调查(横断面调查)上报的数据,汇总后应用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。结果2020-2022年分别调查患者117695、109691、137188例,医院感染现患率分别为1.58%、1.47%、1.29%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.853,P<0.001);感染部位以下呼吸道(2526例次,43.60%)和泌尿道(785例次,13.55%)为主;三次现患率调查综合重症监护病房(ICU)均是医院感染现患率最高的科室(10.95%~16.47%);医院感染病原体主要以革兰阴性菌为主,其中大肠埃希菌均居首位,肺炎克雷伯菌次之,而革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;患者抗菌药物使用率为30.96%~33.91%,呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=257.586,P<0.001);抗菌药物使用目的以治疗为主(占76.46%~78.62%);抗菌药物使用以一联用药为主,三联及以上用药略有升高,从0.66%上升至0.98%;治疗性使用抗菌药物病原学送检率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)=94.823,P<0.001)。Ⅰ类切口手术患者手术部位感染率为0.77%~1.22%,三年Ⅰ类切口手术患者抗菌药物预防性使用率分别为19.40%、19.11%、20.93%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为94.823、10.179,均P=0.006)。结论云南地区住院患者医院感染现患率虽有所下降,但医院感染病原体的防控和Ⅰ类切口手术患者预防性抗菌药物的合理使用将是今后工作的重点和难点。

成都地区汉族男性腹主动脉瘤的筛查及高危因素分析

目的探讨成都地区汉族男性腹主动脉瘤(AAA)患病率并分析危险因素。方法2014—2022年对成都市双流区24个敬老院和四川大学华西医院体检中心≥65岁的男性居民进行普查。筛查项目包括一般情况、合并症、生活习惯和超声指标。计算患病率。通过单因素及logistic逐步回归分析探索AAA发病的危险因素。结果共7132人纳入筛查,体检中心应答率为2518/3638(69.2%);敬老院应答率为3092/3494(88.5%)。参加筛查的人群均为男性,汉族,患病率为5.17%(290/5610)。290人患AAA为患病组,未患病者为未患病组。患病组腹痛、高血压、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、吸烟,及饮酒高于未患病组(P<0.05)。高血压、脑血管疾病、心血管疾病、吸烟是AAA的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论超声在AAA筛查中可行;高血压、心脑血管疾病、吸烟是成都地区65岁以上男性人群AAA患病的危险因素。

宁夏地区白内障患病率和手术覆盖率调查

目的调查宁夏地区成年人群白内障患病率、手术覆盖率和术后视力现状。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样横断面研究,抽取宁夏地区10个调查点,对其中18岁及以上人群进行调查,调查内容包括调查问卷、身高、体质量测量,视力、眼压、眼底照相和裂隙灯显微镜检查。分析白内障患病情况及其影响因素,调查受检人群不同年龄分组情况下白内障患病率、手术覆盖率及白内障术后生活视力(PVA)和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)情况。结果应检6145人,实际检查人数5721人,受检率为93.10%。受检人群年龄为18~93岁,平均(64.27±13.48)岁;男性2558人,占44.71%;女性3163人,占55.28%。其中,确诊为白内障患者1180例,白内障患病率为20.62%。白内障患病率随着年龄增长而升高,随受教育程度的升高而逐步下降,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1091.32、581.92,均P<0.01);患有高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病人群的白内障患病率明显高于无相应疾病的人群,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=274.65、118.15、78.05、182.71,均P<0.01)。白内障患病人群中行白内障手术者245例,手术覆盖率为20.76%,其中人工晶状体植入229例,植入率93.40%;白内障盲社会负担率为2.29%,并随着年龄的增长而升高。行白内障手术的339眼中241眼PVA≥0.3,占71.09%,272眼BCVA≥0.3,占80.24%。结论白内障仍是宁夏地区高龄人群视力损伤甚至盲的主要原因,白内障盲社会负担率较高;宁夏地区白内障手术覆盖率较低,手术数量和质量均有待提高。

北京市2011-2022年5岁儿童乳牙龋纵向变化分析

目的了解北京市5岁儿童口腔健康状况及趋势,对自2011年开始每年开展的3~5岁儿童氟化泡沫项目进行效果评价。方法对照三次流调抽样原则,进行分层、整群随机抽样,每个区县根据经济水平高低随机各抽取3所幼儿园5岁儿童进行调查,每所幼儿园抽取60人。分析其患龋率、龋均及充填率等变化情况。结果2011年患龋率和龋均为最高值,2012-2022年患龋率及龋均均低于2011年,并自2018年后逐渐趋于稳定。充填率呈上升趋势;SiC指数位于7~8之间。患龋率、龋均及充填率男女对比无差异(P>0.05),城乡有差异(P<0.05)。结论从2011年起在全北京市范围内开展氟化泡沫等综合龋病预防项目以来,北京市患龋情况得以初步控制,但仍需进一步加强防治工作。

2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者管理治疗状况分析

目的:分析2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者管理治疗状况,为兰州市制定防治措施及精神卫生政策提供科学依据。方法:提取甘肃省严重精神障碍信息系统中2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者相关数据,并用Excel 2007进行统计分析。结果:甘肃省精神卫生监测信息系统显示2019—2021年兰州市在册严重精神障碍患者为11 310例、11 914例、12 295例,报告患病率为3.03‰、 3.19‰、 3.42‰,规范管理率为73.48%、 76.16%、 80.21%,患者面访率为72.25%、79.04%、81.53%,患者规律服药率为32.74%、43.76%、52.05%。结论:2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者报告患病率、规范管理率、患者面访率以及患者规律服药率均有提高,但报告患病率水平和患者规律服药率水平仍低于国家要求。严重精神障碍患者和家属的病耻感是导致报告患病率与规范管理率偏低的主要原因,而精神卫生资源分布的不均衡性导致远郊患者规律服药率偏低。

广西某老年病专科医院2013—2022年医院感染现患率调查结果分析

目的 调查广西某老年病专科医院2013-2022年医院感染现患率,并对结果进行分析。方法广西壮族自治区江滨医院2013-2022年每年开展医院感染调查,选择每年7月份某天0:00~24:00的所有临床住院患者为调查对象,包括调查当天出院及转院的患者,排除当日入院患者。回顾性分析各年度的医院感染监测管理资料并进行总结。结果 2013-2022年,在调查的11 078例患者中有223例发生医院感染,共234例次,总体医院感染现患率为2.01%(223/11 078),例次感染率为2.11%(234/11 078)。例次感染率以2014年最高,为3.72%,2021年最低,为1.14%,总体呈下降趋势。医院感染现患率最高的临床科室为呼吸内科(13.44%)。感染部位以下呼吸道为主,泌尿道、上呼吸道和胃肠道亦多见。本次调查的感染者共检出病原菌190株,其中革兰阴性菌135株(71.05%),革兰阳性菌44株(23.16%),真菌11株(5.79%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥65岁[OR(95%CI)=1.790(1.345~2.382),P<0.001]、使用抗生素[OR(95%CI)=1.912(1.445~2.530),P<0.001]是医院感染发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 该医院的医院感染现患率呈下降趋势,防控工作取得一定成效,但还需针对重点科室、易发感染部位和高危人群加强管理。

2015-2022年山东省威海市女性乳腺癌主要流行特征及疾病负担分析

目的 分析山东省威海市女性乳腺癌主要流行特征和疾病负担变化趋势,为制定乳腺癌的防控措施提供参考依据。方法 利用山东省肿瘤监测报告系统中2015-2022年威海市居民恶性肿瘤监测数据和同期人口资料,计算女性乳腺癌发病率、患病率、死亡率、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)率、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALY)率及相应的调整率,采用Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0软件计算率的年度变化百分比,并分析女性乳腺癌主要流行特征及疾病负担变化情况。结果 2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌粗发病率为50.25/10万~79.80/10万,调整率为31.93/10万~49.03/10万;粗患病率为137.13/10万~499.03/10万,调整率为85.90/10万~276.37/10万;粗死亡率为8.40/10万~12.21/10万,调整率为5.45/10万~7.52/10万,粗发病率、粗患病率及相应的调整率的上升均有统计学意义(t=8.205、t=21.681、t=5.705、t=20.219,均P <0.05)。乳腺癌发病率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高,除0~24岁年龄组外,发病率随年龄增长而升高。其中45~54岁、55~64岁、≥75岁年龄组发病率的上升均有统计学意义(t=7.133、t=4.962、t=4.248,均P <0.05)。2015-2022年威海市女性乳腺癌DALY率为1.76‰~2.30‰,调整率为1.29‰~1.65‰;YLL率为1.28‰~1.75‰,调整率为0.87‰~1.28‰;YLD率为0.44‰~0.67‰,调整率为0.31‰~0.46‰,其中YLD率和调整率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=6.876、t=5.313,均P <0.05)。DALY率总体以45~54岁年龄组最高;45~54岁、55~64岁年龄组的YLD率以及≥75岁年龄组的YLD率、YLL率均呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(t=7.283、t=4.793,t=4.072、t=4.273,均P <0.05)。结论 威海市女性乳腺癌年度粗发病率和YLD率均呈上升趋势,更多是非人口因素作用的结果。年度死亡率和健康负担总体保持稳定。高龄女性面临着乳腺癌发病率和死亡率双升高的威胁,应作为乳腺癌筛查项目的重点关注人群,并根据环境及行为生活方式方面的乳腺癌危险因素有针对性地开展科普宣传和健康教育。持续升高的患病率加重了患者、家庭和社会的经济负担,是导致疾病负担加重的主要原因,应进一步研究降低与医疗活动有关经济支出的有效方式。

四川省荣县11123名1~6岁儿童贫血患病情况调查及危险因素分析

目的:调查荣县健康体检1~6岁儿童贫血情况并分析危险因素。方法:选取2020年3月-2023年12月于荣县人民医院及妇幼保健院门诊健康检查的1~6岁儿童11 123名为研究对象,检测儿童血红蛋白浓度,收集临床资料,采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析1~6岁儿童贫血发生的危险因素。结果:纳入的11 123名儿童血红蛋白平均值为120.3g/L,贫血儿童340名,血红蛋白平均值为92.5g/L,患病率为3.1%;在贫血儿童中,轻度贫血77.1%、中度贫血22.7%、重度贫血0.3%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄<2岁(≥2岁为参照)、母亲文化程度为高中及以下(高中以下为参照)、母亲孕期贫血(不贫血为参照)、家庭月收入<3000元(≥3000元为参照)、蛋类摄取频率≤3次/周(>3次为参照)及肉类摄取频率≤3次/周(>3次为参照)是1~6岁儿童贫血的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:本次调查了1~6岁儿童贫血患病率,年龄小、母亲文化程度低、母亲孕期贫血、家庭月收入低、蛋类及肉类摄取频率≤3次/周是1~6岁儿童贫血的独立危险因素,提示当地相关部门在儿童贫血防控过程中应依据上述因素制定针对性干预措施,以减少儿童贫血发生。