In Japan, floods occur frequently in urban areas because non-infiltrating areas are seeing increased urbanization. To prevent floods, urban basins must improve the infiltration capacity and water retention of the whol...In Japan, floods occur frequently in urban areas because non-infiltrating areas are seeing increased urbanization. To prevent floods, urban basins must improve the infiltration capacity and water retention of the whole basin. There are several basic technologies for river basin management, such as infiltration trenches or rainwater storage. However, a method of soil amendment that prevents flood disasters has not been established. This study aims to evaluate the infiltration capacity of soil amendments using bamboo charcoal and humus. A constant-head infiltration test and rainfall simulation were conducted to evaluate the properties of the soil amendments. The constant-head infiltration test＇s results showed that soils mixed with 30% humus had the greatest potential for influencing initial and final infiltration rates, and the more the mixing rates of bamboo charcoal and humus were increased, the higher the water retention capacity. The results of the rainfall simulation showed that soils mixed with 30% humus had the highest final infiltration rates and lowest multiplication spillage. To reduce the runoff volume using soil amendment technology, it is important to delay overland flow, and the hydraulic properties of the soils mixed with bamboo charcoal and humus were as effective as those of granite soils.展开更多
Southeast China coastal areas belong to subtropical monsoon climatic zone, thus easily affected by floods resulted from typhoons and rainstorms. Since the areas of river basins are small, rivers flood regulation capac...Southeast China coastal areas belong to subtropical monsoon climatic zone, thus easily affected by floods resulted from typhoons and rainstorms. Since the areas of river basins are small, rivers flood regulation capacities are low, and therefore flood hazard is grave. In this paper, taking the Yongjiang basin in southeast China as an example, the approaches and methods of geographic information system(GIS) applied to flood disaster control and reduction research on small basin are explored. On GIS help the rainfall runoff calculation model and the river channel flood routing model are developed. And the evaluating flood submerged area and the damage assessment models are built supported by digit elevation models. Lastly the decision support system on GIS supported for flood control in research basin has been set up. This greatly improves flood proofing decision making capacities in river basin, and provides valuable information and a mode for flood prevention and reduction in the medium and small basin. Meanwhile, the research indicates that technologies of GIS provide a powerful tool for flood disaster control.展开更多
The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incom...The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incomplete,manuscript deals with fluvial flood prevention and river control measures,a subject that until then had not cropped up in any Chinese-language work of the Jesuits.In this section,Verbiest not only described the already well-known Aristotelian theory of the origin of rivers,but also introduced to China new scientific propositions,concepts,and numerical examples originating from the seminal Renaissance work Della misura dell’acque correnti(Of the Mensuration of Running Waters;1628)by Benedetto Castelli(1578–1643).In addition,Verbiest presented to his readers some noteworthy examples of pertinent Western achievements such as the pound-lock with miter gate,and he provided them with a simple economic analysis of flood control options.The significance and possible influence of Verbiest’s text on further developments in Chinese approaches to water engineering are discussed,highlighting a hitherto largely disregarded facet of Western science and technology transfer in the field of river hydraulics and flood management.展开更多
Flash flood is one of the major meteorological disasters on the Tibet Plateau (TP). Flash flood risk regionalization based on the theory of flash flood occurrence risk is the essential basis for relative risk manageme...Flash flood is one of the major meteorological disasters on the Tibet Plateau (TP). Flash flood risk regionalization based on the theory of flash flood occurrence risk is the essential basis for relative risk management. The flash flood risk regionalization and the high-resolution grid mountain flood risk level in TP is carried out by using ArcGIS with the indicators of rainfall, days of heavy rain, vegetation cover, slope, relative elevation difference, river network density, population density, average GDP and traffic density. The areas with high mountain flood risk are mainly located in the middle and downstream of Yarlung, the Nujiang River Valley, the Jinsha River and Lancang River Basin. Besides, the results of flash flood disaster risk regionalization were tested by using historical flash flood disaster data and calamity census data. The disasters occurred in high-risk and sub-high-risk regions are accounted for 73%. Flash floods that cause casualties and economic losses of more than 100,000 CNY (Chinese Yuan) occurred in high-risk areas. Flash flood risk assessment may provide reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters in TP, improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, reduce the hazards of flash floods to social development.展开更多
The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation ...The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.展开更多
文摘In Japan, floods occur frequently in urban areas because non-infiltrating areas are seeing increased urbanization. To prevent floods, urban basins must improve the infiltration capacity and water retention of the whole basin. There are several basic technologies for river basin management, such as infiltration trenches or rainwater storage. However, a method of soil amendment that prevents flood disasters has not been established. This study aims to evaluate the infiltration capacity of soil amendments using bamboo charcoal and humus. A constant-head infiltration test and rainfall simulation were conducted to evaluate the properties of the soil amendments. The constant-head infiltration test＇s results showed that soils mixed with 30% humus had the greatest potential for influencing initial and final infiltration rates, and the more the mixing rates of bamboo charcoal and humus were increased, the higher the water retention capacity. The results of the rainfall simulation showed that soils mixed with 30% humus had the highest final infiltration rates and lowest multiplication spillage. To reduce the runoff volume using soil amendment technology, it is important to delay overland flow, and the hydraulic properties of the soils mixed with bamboo charcoal and humus were as effective as those of granite soils.
文摘Southeast China coastal areas belong to subtropical monsoon climatic zone, thus easily affected by floods resulted from typhoons and rainstorms. Since the areas of river basins are small, rivers flood regulation capacities are low, and therefore flood hazard is grave. In this paper, taking the Yongjiang basin in southeast China as an example, the approaches and methods of geographic information system(GIS) applied to flood disaster control and reduction research on small basin are explored. On GIS help the rainfall runoff calculation model and the river channel flood routing model are developed. And the evaluating flood submerged area and the damage assessment models are built supported by digit elevation models. Lastly the decision support system on GIS supported for flood control in research basin has been set up. This greatly improves flood proofing decision making capacities in river basin, and provides valuable information and a mode for flood prevention and reduction in the medium and small basin. Meanwhile, the research indicates that technologies of GIS provide a powerful tool for flood disaster control.
基金funded by the German Research Foundation(DFG)for the years 2018 to 2022
文摘The monumental Studies to Fathom Principles(Qiongli xue窮理學;1683)by Ferdinand Verbiest S.J.(Nan Huairen南懷仁,1623–1688)was never printed,and its exact content is not known.A section of the only extant,though incomplete,manuscript deals with fluvial flood prevention and river control measures,a subject that until then had not cropped up in any Chinese-language work of the Jesuits.In this section,Verbiest not only described the already well-known Aristotelian theory of the origin of rivers,but also introduced to China new scientific propositions,concepts,and numerical examples originating from the seminal Renaissance work Della misura dell’acque correnti(Of the Mensuration of Running Waters;1628)by Benedetto Castelli(1578–1643).In addition,Verbiest presented to his readers some noteworthy examples of pertinent Western achievements such as the pound-lock with miter gate,and he provided them with a simple economic analysis of flood control options.The significance and possible influence of Verbiest’s text on further developments in Chinese approaches to water engineering are discussed,highlighting a hitherto largely disregarded facet of Western science and technology transfer in the field of river hydraulics and flood management.
文摘Flash flood is one of the major meteorological disasters on the Tibet Plateau (TP). Flash flood risk regionalization based on the theory of flash flood occurrence risk is the essential basis for relative risk management. The flash flood risk regionalization and the high-resolution grid mountain flood risk level in TP is carried out by using ArcGIS with the indicators of rainfall, days of heavy rain, vegetation cover, slope, relative elevation difference, river network density, population density, average GDP and traffic density. The areas with high mountain flood risk are mainly located in the middle and downstream of Yarlung, the Nujiang River Valley, the Jinsha River and Lancang River Basin. Besides, the results of flash flood disaster risk regionalization were tested by using historical flash flood disaster data and calamity census data. The disasters occurred in high-risk and sub-high-risk regions are accounted for 73%. Flash floods that cause casualties and economic losses of more than 100,000 CNY (Chinese Yuan) occurred in high-risk areas. Flash flood risk assessment may provide reference for the prevention and control of geological disasters in TP, improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, reduce the hazards of flash floods to social development.
文摘The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.
