Selective deletion of the soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 isoform in vivo prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss in mice

Neutralizing CSF1 in vivo completely prevents ovariectomy （OVX）-induced bone loss in mice. There are two isoforms of CSF1, soluble （sCSF1）, and membrane-bound （mCSF1）, but their individual biological functions are unclear. It had been previously reported that mCSF1 knockout （K/O） and wild type （Wt） female mice experience the same degree of bone loss following OVX. In Wt mice the expression of sCSF1 was elevated fourfold in skeletal tissue following OVX while expression of mCSF1 was unchanged. To examine the role of sCSF1 in OVX-induced bone loss, mice were engineered in which sCSF1 was not expressed but expression of mCSF1 was unaffected （sCSF1 K/O）. Isoform-specific reverse transcription PCR confirmed the absence of transcripts for sCSF1 in bone tissue isolated from these animals and no circulating CSF1 was detected by ELISA. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density （BMD） between sCSF1 K/O mice and Wt controls as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. However, one month after OVX, femoral, spinal and total BMD had declined by 11.2%, 8.9%, and 8.7% respectively in OVX-Wt animals as compared to Sham-OVX. In contrast OVX sCSF1 K/O mice showed changes of ＋0.1%, - 2.4%, and ＋2.3% at the same 3 sites compared to Sham-OVX sCSF1 K/O mice. These data indicate important non-redundant functions for the two isoforms of CSF1 and suggest that sCSF1, but not mCSF1, plays a key role in estrogen-deficiency bone loss.

A New Mechanism of Hinokitiol as An Active for Hair Loss Prevention

Hair loss and gray hair are the ultimate manifestations of scalp and hair aging.Improving metabolic activities in cells is a fundamental for anti-aging while autophagy activity of cell is a key measure.Hinokitiol,one of the more than 30 quasi-drug actives approved in Japan in the field of hair tonic products has two known mechanisms for its effectivities,i.e.promoting cell activity and anti-microbial.Through this study,we identified a new mechanism of hinokitiol for hair loss prevention,i.e.promotion of autophagy and mitophagy activities of dermal papilla cells.

Promotion of structural plasticity in area V2 of visual cortex prevents against object recognition memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease rodents

Memory deficit,which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue for treatment.Up till now,all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfa ctory effects.Therefore,in the search for a solution,we found that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414protein in visual area V2,a brain area connected with brain circuits of the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe,which is crucial for object recognition memory(ORM),can induce enhancement of ORM.In this study,we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414in visual area V2,which is relatively unaffected in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,produced longlasting enhancement of ORM in young animals and prevent ORM deficits in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Furthermore,we found that the prevention of memory deficits was mediated through the upregulation of neuronal arbo rization and spine density,as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).A knockdown of BDNF gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and Alzheimer s disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of ORM deficits.These findings suggest that BDNF-mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of memory deficits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,our findings of RGS14414gene-mediated activation of neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of memory deficits.

Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Children:Preventing the Silent Epidemic

Noise-induced hearing loss and related tinnitus are often unrecognized problems, especially in non-occupational settings. Research indicates that increasing numbers of children and adolescents have or are acquiring noise induced hearing losses. Noise induced hearing loss can almost completely be prevented with simple precautionary measures. Educational programs rarely exist outside of those mandated in occupational settings. Health Communication theory can be applied to hearing health for developing effective loss prevention programs. Dangerous Decibels is one example of an effective multi-disciplinary effort to develop and disseminated prevention strategies.

Integrated Prevention and Control System for Soil Erosion in Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize integrated prevention and control experience of small watersheds in black soil region of Northeast China. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in Northeast China, is selected as the study area. Based on nearly 50 years' experience in prevention and control of soil and water loss, the structures and overall benefits of an integrated prevention and control system for soil and water loss are investigated. Then, the 'three defense lines' tri-dimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to gully is systematically analyzed. The first line on the top hill can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. The second line on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion energy. The third line in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The 'three defense lines' system is feasible for soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the in Tongshuang small watershed, There are effective improvements in ecological conditions in Tongshuang small watershed after the application of 'three defense lines' soil and water control system. Moreover, the integrated treatment paradigm for soil and water loss in typical black soil region is compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical black soil region of Northeast China.

Graft loss among renal-transplant recipients with early reduction of immunosuppression for BK viremia

AIM To review the incidence of graft loss and acute rejection among renal transplant recipients with early reduction of immunosuppression for BK viremia.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive de-novo kidney-only transplants from January 2009 to December 2012 to evaluate the incidence of Polyomavirus associated nephropathy(PyV AN). Recipient plasma was screened for BKV DNA via quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) at months 1,3,6,9 and 12 post-transplant and on worsening graft function.Immunosuppression was reduced at ≥ 3-log copies/mL. Those with viremia of ≥ 4-log copies/mL(presumptive PyV AN) underwent renal transplant biopsy. Presumptive Py VAN(PP) and definitive Py VAN(DP; biopsy-proven) were treated by immunosuppression reduction(IR) only. RESULTS Among 319 kidney transplant recipients,the median age was 53 years(range 19-83),65.8% were male,and 58.9% were white. Biopsy-proven acute rejection was found in 18.5% within 0-168 wk. Death-censored graft loss occurred in 5.3%(n = 17) and graft loss attributable to PyV AN was 0.6%(n = 2). Forty-seven patients were diagnosed with PP(14.7%) and 18(5.6%) with DP. Graft loss among participants with PyV AN(8.5%) and those without(4.8%) was not significantly different. Deceased donor kidney transplantation(OR = 2.3,95%CI = 1.1-4.6) and AR(OR = 2.3,95%CI = 1.2-4.7) were associated with Py VAN in the multivariate analysis. BK viremia between 3 and 4-log copies/mL occurred in 27 patients,all of whom underwent IR. Of these,16(59%) never developed PyV AN while 11(41%) developed PyV AN(4 DP,7 PP) within a range of 11-39 wk. CONCLUSION Instituting an early reduction of immunosuppression,in the absence of adjunctive antivirals,is effective at preventing PyV AN and may be associated with a lower incidence of graft-loss without a reciprocal increase in the incidence of acute rejection.

跨境数据流动限制对自然灾害经济损失的影响

进入数字化时代,跨境数据交互共享已成为自然灾害治理的核心影响因素。利用2004—2019年世界主要经济体的跨境数据流动限制数据和自然灾害损失数据进行实证分析,结果表明跨境数据流动限制程度与自然灾害经济损失之间存在显著正相关性。进一步研究表明,跨境数据流动限制是通过阻碍信息技术交流共享这一机制来影响自然灾害经济损失的。此外,跨境数据流动限制对自然灾害经济损失的影响存在一定异质性,在灾害类型层面,气象灾害与地球物理灾害中的经济损失受跨境数据流动限制的影响更为显著且强烈;在经济体类型层面,相较于发展中经济体,发达经济体中跨境数据流动限制对自然灾害损失的影响更小。研究结果拓展了跨境数据流动理论在灾害经济领域的运用,为各国在自然灾害防治领域建立更加开放和高效的信息共享机制提供一个参考。

高分子纳米复合材料在水基钻井液中的研究进展

传统高分子聚合物材料难以满足日益复杂的井下环境要求,而无机纳米材料又存在分散性不足的缺陷,将纳米材料接枝到聚合物链上或将聚合物嵌入纳米材料中形成高分子纳米复合材料,可发挥两种材料的协同增效作用,进而提升水基钻井液的综合性能。文章介绍了高分子纳米复合材料在改善水基钻井液流变性、优化封堵降滤失性、增强封堵防塌性方面的应用,总结了其作用效果及作用机理。高分子纳米复合材料改善钻井液流变性的机理包括聚合物增强固体纳米颗粒在钻井液中的分散性、增加流体层间内摩擦力、通过聚合物与黏土颗粒之间的氢键和静电相互作用形成空间网络结构等。优化钻井液封堵降滤失性的机理包括利用无机纳米材料对微孔进行封堵,形成致密的泥饼,利用聚合物的强吸附性和两亲性,在泥饼表面形成疏水膜等。增强钻井液封堵防塌作用的机理包括纳米颗粒桥接和堵塞页岩纳米孔隙,形成致密屏障,阻止水分子侵入页岩;聚合物链上的多功能基团在黏土表面形成竞争吸附,降低黏土对水分子的吸附;成熟聚胺类聚合物的氨基嵌入和阳离子压缩双电层的综合作用,强化页岩水化抑制性能。提出了高分子纳米复合材料面临的挑战,如大规模生产过程中无机纳米颗粒在聚合物基质中可能出现的分散不均匀问题。最后,从降磨减阻、储层保护和可持续性3个方面对高分子纳米复合材料的研究方向进行了展望。

同步发电机定子铁心磁-热-固耦合计算分析

为分析发电机运行过程中定子铁心的损耗、温升及其在磁拉力和热应力综合作用下的机械结构响应,文中对同步发电机定子铁心进行磁-热-固多物理场耦合计算。首先,理论推导铁心损耗及其所受的单位面积磁拉力,分析铁心的温升特性,在此基础上解析得到铁心在磁拉力和非均匀热载荷耦合激励下的机械结构响应;然后,构建CS-5型故障模拟发电机作为有限元仿真的三维物理模型,计算得到铁心的单位面积磁拉力、损耗曲线和温度分布情况,并进一步计算获得磁拉力和热载荷同时作用下铁心的变形、应变和应力。结果表明:发电机在稳定运行后,定子齿槽温度最高;槽口处变形量最大,槽底应力较高。最后,通过热电偶和温度巡检仪对CS-5型故障模拟发电机在实际运行过程中的定子铁心端面、槽内和外圆表面的温升进行实时监测,实测的定子铁心温度场分布和有限元仿真结果相吻合,验证了磁-热-固多物理场耦合方法的有效性。文中获得了定子铁心的温度分布规律及其在磁-热耦合激励下的机械结构响应分布规律,为发电机结构逆向优化设计及定子铁心变形预防提供了技术参考。

Semaglutide’s Trail of Success in Weight Loss Management and HbA1c Reduction: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.

面向能效的多约束集成维护策略研究

针对制造系统在加工过程中,由于机床退化水平提高导致的系统质量损失增加、维护成本升高和能效降低等问题,提出一种面向能效的多约束集成维护策略。基于伽马过程建立机床退化状态与质量损失、维护成本的关系,并设立质量损失和维护成本约束,通过离散化能耗递增过程得到系统的有效能效模型,提出以能效为优化目标的多约束集成维护策略,采用模拟退火算法找到最优解和约束组合。实例分析和策略对比验证了所提维护策略的优越性和有效性。

我国钻井液技术难题、新进展及发展建议

系统地梳理了超深/特深层、非常规、深水、干热岩、极地、天然气水合物等复杂地层钻探过程中面临的钻井液技术难题,探讨了关键科学问题与核心工程难题,结合近年来的钻井液技术进展,介绍了钻井液技术最新进展。针对复杂地层钻井过程中遇到的高温高压高盐、泥页岩水化严重、井壁失稳、大温差、井漏、储层损害,以及钻井液维护自动化程度低等问题,国内外学者研发了抗高温高盐水基/油基钻井液、恒流变钻井液、抗超高温泡沫钻井液、环境友好型超低温钻井液、智能温压响应承压堵漏材料、可降解储层保护材料、钻井液在线监测与自动加料系统等关键材料、体系与装备。但随着地质、工程环境愈加复杂,钻井液材料仍面临抗超高温高盐、超长时间稳定、防塌固壁、恶性漏失以及钻井液性能自动化调控等重大技术瓶颈。为满足复杂地层钻探过程中钻井液性能需求,未来还需深入研究钻井液处理剂在极端条件下的起效/失效机理,钻井液处理剂在微观-介观-宏观等不同尺度下的构效关系变化及作用机制,建立安全高效的钻井液多功能一体化调控方法,构建智能钻井液理论与技术,为实现复杂地层安全高效经济环保钻井提供关键技术支撑。

旋转导向仪器用随钻堵漏剂

旋转导向仪器常被部分随钻堵漏剂堵塞筛网,造成井下仪器信号传递中断、井眼轨迹偏移、钻井液循环受阻等问题,且常用随钻堵漏材料易引起钻井液黏度大幅上涨,造成内耗大、滤饼厚等系列问题。因此要求随钻堵漏剂兼顾“可通过旋导”与“强封堵”性能且对钻井液黏度影响较小。以抗温植物纤维为原料,通过粉碎、筛析及疏水改性等步骤研发了一种随钻堵漏纤维(纤维1-1),依据行业标准评价其基本性能,并建立了一种随钻堵漏剂过旋导性能的评价方法。结果表明:纤维1-1基本性能均达到行业标准,其中,表观黏度增长率为10%,封闭滤失量为26 mL;加入纤维后钻井液循环30 min,压力增幅E<5%,具有良好的过旋导能力;在150℃、6 MPa实验条件下,加入3%纤维1-1的水基和油基钻井液体系能够封堵20~40目砂床,累计漏失量分别为4 mL和8 mL。最后,利用Zeta电位测试、微观形貌观察分析了纤维过旋导和堵漏机理。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定防脱发类化妆品中非那雄胺等35种禁用原料

为了评估防脱发类化妆品中是否违禁添加禁用原料,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定防脱发类化妆品中非那雄胺等35种禁用原料的分析方法。待测样品经饱和氯化钠溶液分散,乙酸乙酯提取,氮吹后以30%乙腈溶液复溶;选用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×30 mm,1.8μm),乙腈-水流动相体系,在电喷雾(ESI)正负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)进行测定。结果显示,在精华液、洗发香波两个基质中,35种组分在各自相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。样品在3个浓度加标水平下的回收率为83.2%~118.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%~8.9%。检出限为0.05~6μg/kg,定量限为0.2~20μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏度高,可用于防脱发类化妆品中35种禁用原料的测定分析,为防脱发类化妆品中违禁添加的监管提供技术参考。

太原市滨河自行车专用道工程水土流失防治对策

根据太原市滨河自行车专用道工程概况、项目区概况以及水土流失情况,分区提出了相应的水土保持防治对策,形成有效的水土流失防治体系,工程建设造成的景观破坏、水土流失得到有效治理,恢复和美化了项目区的生态环境,让市民在高楼林立的城市环境里面也能享受到如诗如画的美景。

城市内涝低洼风险区损失评估及预防对策分析

城市内涝是城市面临的重要自然灾害之一,由于城市化进程中土地利用的不合理以及气候变化等因素的影响,加剧了城市内涝问题的严重性。低洼区域往往是内涝发生的高风险区域,严重影响了城市的正常运行和居民的生活质量。因此,评估城市内涝低洼区的损失并制定相应的预防对策至关重要。本文通过对城市内涝低洼风险区的损失评估与预防对策的分析,旨在提供科学有效的方法来应对城市内涝风险。

防脱育发草本精粹对毛发生长及其抗氧化、抗炎的性质研究

目的 探究防脱育发草本精粹防脱育发能力。方法 通过细胞计数试剂盒8测定防脱育发草本精粹对真皮乳头细胞(DPC)增殖与抗氧化能力作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测防脱育发草本精粹对DPC抗氧化、抗炎症关键基因的表达影响,通过动物实验验证其对于毛发生长的作用。结果 防脱育发草本精粹(250μg/ml)能显著促进DPC增殖与抗氧化能力,显著抑制白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和促进抗氧化相关基因:谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶修饰剂亚基基因(GCLM)、血红素加氧酶1基因(HMOX1)、铁蛋白重链1基因(FTH1)、铁蛋白轻链基因(FTL)、NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)的表达,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。动物实验验证显示,防脱育发草本精粹缩短了小鼠毛囊的休止期。结论 该防脱育发草本精粹显著促进DPC的增殖、抗氧化及抗炎症能力,缩短毛囊的休止期和促进毛发生长。

关于推进火灾和气体探测系统量化分析的思考

火灾和气体探测系统的设计通常依据严格的规定性标准进行,然而,在面临火灾和气体泄漏等危险事件时,仍有必要开展定量分析,以便全面地了解和管理潜在的风险。从探测器的性能、属性、布置位置,障碍物影响等方面介绍了火焰探测器性能评估,分析空间覆盖法的优点和局限性,通过空间覆盖分析转向场景覆盖,以及将覆盖分析扩展到气体探测的方案,确保分析结果的可靠性。探讨了面临火灾和气体泄漏等危险事件时量化分析所面临的挑战,提出了一个全新的基本分析框架,帮助化工企业更好地理解和管理火灾和气体探测系统的风险。

公共交通噪声性听力损失研究进展

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