New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively co...New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region....With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.展开更多
Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-...Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.展开更多
Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate an...Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.展开更多
Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage ...Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half...Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.展开更多
Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and...Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB).Methods:260 patients with AMI complicated by GIB wh...Objective:To analyze the risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB).Methods:260 patients with AMI complicated by GIB who were admitted to the cardiology department of a hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.27 patients who died during hospitalization were designated as the control group and the 233 patients who survived as the observation group.Baseline data and clinical indexes of patients in the two groups were compared,and multifactorial logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the control group had higher proportions of patients with Killip classification III to IV on admission,new arrhythmias,and mechanical complications,as well as higher heart rates,white blood cell counts,urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels.The proportion of patients who received transfusion therapy during hospitalization was also higher in the control group.Conversely,the control group had lower systolic and left ventricular ejection fraction rates compared to the observation group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that new-onset arrhythmia(OR=2.724,95%CI 1.289-5.759),heart rate>100 beats/min(OR=3.824,95%CI 1.472-9.927),left ventricular ejection fraction<50%(OR=1.884,95%CI 0.893-3.968),BUN level(OR=1.029,95%CI 1.007-1.052),and blood transfusion(OR=3.774,95%CI 1.124-6.345)were independently associated with an increased risk of death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.Conclusions:New arrhythmia,heart rate>100 beats/min,left ventricular ejection fraction<50%,elevated BUN levels,and blood transfusion are risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.展开更多
N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data...N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes (LO-2), using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione (GSH) rather than vitamin C (Vit C) could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.展开更多
In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,mo...In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.展开更多
<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalize...<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.展开更多
For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,informati...For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,information spreading,disaster insurance,science propaganda and so on,we put forward the suggestion of strengthening non-engineering countermeasures of meteorological disaster prevention in large cities of China,providing decision-making reference for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.展开更多
Along with the deepening of the reform and opening-up policy and the entering of the WTO,international exchange of economy and culture has become more and more frequent,Internet has become an indispensable part of our...Along with the deepening of the reform and opening-up policy and the entering of the WTO,international exchange of economy and culture has become more and more frequent,Internet has become an indispensable part of our life,its rapid development brings great convenience to us,and all of the computers will be connected by Internet in the 21 century,thus the meaning of information security has changed substantially.It not only changes from a general guarding to a common defence,but from a specific field to a public subject as well.However,the opening and sharing of the Internet resource,unefficient supervision as well as various virus make people's information and belongings being in an extremely dangerous environment.The fight between hackers and anti-hackers,destruction and anti-destruction has already affected the stable running of the network and users' legal right,caused great economy damages and it could also threat our country's security.So a right understanding and in-time measures should be paid special attention to.The thesis firstly expatiates the current state of the network security and its importance,and discusses some major factors and threats that affect the network security.And the thesis also introduce some catalogues of the security techniques,some relevant information and their major characters,besides that,I enumerate some popular and effective methods of protecting our network,including the widely used firewall,and the meticulous techniques such as security scan techniques and techniques of intrusion detection.Lastly,some protective measures are stated.展开更多
The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , where...The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, avoidance of smoking, avoidanceof drug and alcohol abuses, if done effectively, should result in a significant reduction of the health and social costs,reduce pain and suffering, increase the quality of life of the elderly and enable them to remain productive and contributeto the well-being of society. In light of this, public awareness of medical knowledge needs to be increased and basic,clinical, socio-economic and epidemiological research intensified. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3; 161 - 168)展开更多
文摘New coronavirus pneumonia spread rapidly all over the world in the first half of 2020, which is a new respiratory disease with strong infectiousness. At present, the epidemic situation in China has been effectively controlled, but the global epidemic situation remains grim, and the National Health Commission has instructed that the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia should become normalized. As outposts for surveillance of public health events, hospitals are an important front in the fight against the epidemic. Therefore, it is very crucial to construct infection prevention and control system actively to contain the outbreak. This paper analyzes and summarizes the normal prevention and control management strategy of Infection Control Branch Management (hereinafter referred to as Hospital Infection-Control Dept) in a certain designated comprehensive third-grade hospital in Guangdong Province and transforms the prevention and control means in emergency state into measures for sustainable development, which also provides basis and reference for Hospital Infection-Control Dept of medical institutions to formulate prevention and control guidelines.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
文摘With the petroleum industry endeavoring to develop promising oil and gas in deeper water, gas hydrates prevention is a serious concern for oil and gas producing companies producing at conditions in the hydrate region. This paper details lessons learned from the successful field deployment of AA LDHI and proper implementation strategies used for 3 different practical fields as case studies in the Gulf of Mexico. From the 3 field experiences, the AA LDHI has been used to replace the conventional thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor due to its numerous benefits during steady state operations and transition operations where AA LDHI is injected prior to extended shut in and restart for fields producing at low water cut. However, the strategy to develop a cost effective chemical management of hydrates for fields producing at high water cut is by pumping methanol or diesel to push down the wellbore fluid below the mud line during planned and unplanned shut-ins to delay water production, it also secures the riser with non hydrate fluids. This illustrates how the AA LDHIs are used in conjunction with more conventional hydrate management approaches to reach an optimal cost effective field hydrate management solution. However, this shows that the key to overall success of hydrate prevention is a full integration of a good front end design, a comprehensive deployment and an effective down hole monitoring system.
基金Our study was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.71904166)Yunnan high-level medical cultivation programme(No.H-2018103)13th Five-year National S&T Major Project for Comprehensive Pilots(No.2018ZX10715006).
文摘Background::HIV/AIDS has transformed into a chronic controllable but not yet curable infectious disease as other chronic diseases to some extent.The additional of so called fourth 90%that included the improved health-related quality of life(HRQoL)for people living with HIV(PLWHIV)required solutions beyond antiretroviral therapy and viral load suppression.This study will explore the role of personality,social economic and prevention strategy effection on HRQoL among people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged more than 16 years old in the 10 municipalities in Yunnan Province,China from October 2019 to May 2020,enrolling total 1997 participants.Individual-level HRQoL data were measured by 12-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-12)and EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire(EQ-5D-5L).We assembled municipal-level data about social economic from Yunnan Statistical Yearbook in 2020 and strategy practice information from the self-evaluation system.We used the principal component analysis to build the social economic and strategy effect on each area respectively and one-way ANOVA was used to perform univariate analysis to identify the predictors with significant differences.Finally we used multi-level model(MLM)to explore the personality,social economic and strategy effects in health-related quality of life among PLWHIV.Results::The global score for quality of life measured using EQ-5D-5L had an estimated mean score(standard deviation,SD)of 0.901±0.146.The HRQoL score measured using PCS-12 had an estimated mean score(SD)of 46.62±8.55.The mean MCS-12 score(SD)was estimated to be 47.80±9.71.The area-level predictors explained a proportion of 13.6-17.2%for the between-area variation of the HRQoL scores,regardless of the total HRQoL,physical component and mental component.The impacts of stigma(P<0.01),social support(P<0.001),anxiety(P<0.001),depression(P<0.05)and social economic status(P<0.05)on HRQoL at the individual-level were significantly different.The plots visualized the impact of individual-level factors on a respondent’s HRQoL was modified by the area-level characteristics.Conclusions::The study identified the possible strategy determinant of individual HRQoL of PLWHIV and also the area effect on HRQoL.Stigma,social support,anxiety,depression and social economic status were the individual-level determinants on HRQoL.These could be a valuable resource for evaluating the overall health of the areas and help improve local decision making.
文摘Omicron variant was first found in Botswana, southern Africa, on November 9, 2021. The variant has many mutations and spreads quickly. It also has immune escape to existing COVID-19 vaccines, and the infection rate and repeated infection rate have increased worldwide. For such variant, at this stage, foreign countries mainly adopt three strategies to prevent and control the epidemic. First, big data is used to track the potential infection of the epidemic, trace the spread of the epidemic, screen close contacts, and control the scope of infection. The second is to maximum the coverage rate of vaccination, especially the coverage rate of the third injection, so as to reduce the infection level of Omicron variant. At last, they are developing a general coronavirus vaccine to prevent infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant, so as to fundamentally eliminate the potential threat of variants to human beings. In this paper, three major epidemic prevention strategies of Omicron variant abroad were summarized in detail.
文摘Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is a kind of disease that can be seen in premature infants.It may cause a series of short-and longterm complications such as poor vision in premature infants,causing irreversible damage to them.Therefore,if we can prevent this disease,we can solve the above problems.This study summarized some factors that influence ROP,such as low gestational age,low birth weight,irrational oxygen use,anemia,blood transfusion,and thrombocytopenia;and also summarized a series of interventions that can prevent or delay the progression of ROP,such as reducing blood transfusion,the application of antenatal corticosteroids,and delaying clip umbilical cord,which can provide some reference for better clinical practice of preventing ROP.
基金Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No.2020-10)the Beijing Young Talent Program (No.2016000021469G189)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year. GC is more prevalent in less developed countries than in more developed countries. About half of all GC cases worldwide occur in East Asia, notably China. Globally, overall incidence rates of GC are declining, which is potentially attributed to a decrease in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and the use of refrigeration to preserve foods rather than salt. GC is a multifactorial disease, and its occurrence and development were impacted by environmental and genetic factors. H. pylori infection is the primary risk factor for GC, especially for non-cardia. The prognosis of GC is poor due to stages at the first diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10% when patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, but the rate is as high as 85% if patients are detected at an earlier stage. Endoscopic screening can potentially prevent GC by early diagnosis and early treatment and has been widely adopted in screening programs in East Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea. This review summarizes updated epidemiological aspects, risk factors, and prevention strategies of GC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective intervention strategies for reducing risk of GC.
文摘Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients. Contrast agents mainly cause acute kidney injury through hypoxic damage to renal parenchyma and toxic effects on renal capillaries and tubules. Patients with CI-AKI are more likely to experience adverse events, including longer hospital stay and costs, longer ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. This article elaborates on the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies of CI-AKI. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search using contrast agents and AKI as keywords to identify relevant studies on CI-AKI. Conclusion: CI-AKI is a significant clinical challenge that requires a multifaceted approach to prevention and management. Understanding the risk factors, pathophysiology, and current best practices is essential for healthcare providers to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in those undergoing contrast-enhanced imaging procedures. Hydration therapy is currently the main prevention method, but antioxidants may also become a new strategy.
文摘Objective:To analyze the risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB).Methods:260 patients with AMI complicated by GIB who were admitted to the cardiology department of a hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.27 patients who died during hospitalization were designated as the control group and the 233 patients who survived as the observation group.Baseline data and clinical indexes of patients in the two groups were compared,and multifactorial logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the control group had higher proportions of patients with Killip classification III to IV on admission,new arrhythmias,and mechanical complications,as well as higher heart rates,white blood cell counts,urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels.The proportion of patients who received transfusion therapy during hospitalization was also higher in the control group.Conversely,the control group had lower systolic and left ventricular ejection fraction rates compared to the observation group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that new-onset arrhythmia(OR=2.724,95%CI 1.289-5.759),heart rate>100 beats/min(OR=3.824,95%CI 1.472-9.927),left ventricular ejection fraction<50%(OR=1.884,95%CI 0.893-3.968),BUN level(OR=1.029,95%CI 1.007-1.052),and blood transfusion(OR=3.774,95%CI 1.124-6.345)were independently associated with an increased risk of death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.Conclusions:New arrhythmia,heart rate>100 beats/min,left ventricular ejection fraction<50%,elevated BUN levels,and blood transfusion are risk factors for death during hospitalization in patients with AMI complicated by GIB.
基金supported by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201130)
文摘N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a widely used organic solvent in modern chemical industry with low to moderate hepatotoxicity to occupational health of employees. But so far, there are fewer and less conclusive data concerning its pathogenic mechanism in detail. In current study, the toxicity of DMAc was firstly investigated on human normal hepatocytes (LO-2), using a series of molecular biology measurements to ananlyze the effect and mechanism of DMAc-induced hepatic cell injury and explore effective prophylactic measures. We found that DMAc triggered LO-2 apoptosis in a obviously dose-dependent manner, caused by increased ROS generation and activation of Bcl-2 pathway. Significantly, glutathione (GSH) rather than vitamin C (Vit C) could partially inhibit DMAc-induced apoptosis thus showing potential as a effective precaution for workers.
基金Supported by Sugar Crop Research System(CARS-170303)the Yunling Industry and Technology Leading Talent Training Program(2018LJRC56)+1 种基金Menglian and Changyu Science and Enterprise Cooperation Projectthe Yunnan Province Agriculture Research System.
文摘In recent years,the conditions of continuous warm winter,more rain and high humidity are very beneficial to the breeding and survival of sugarcane diseases and pests.Coupled with the degradation of single varieties,more attention on new plants and less on ratoon cane and the unscientific and unreasonable use of chemical pesticides,the types of sugarcane diseases and pests in the Menglian sugarcane area are increasing day by day,and the damage is increasing year by year,resulting in a substantial reduction in production and sugar,and a serious disaster threat to sugarcane production.Based on the field survey and the current sugarcane production practice in Menglian,this paper systematically reviewed the occurrence and damage dynamics and outbreak reasons of catastrophic diseases and pests that seriously influence sugarcane production,and proposed corresponding prevention and control strategies and integrated prevention and control technology according to the occurrence and damage characteristics of catastrophic diseases and pests.
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> To analyze the clinical features of falls in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to provide basis for preventing the occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD. <strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 27 adverse events of falls in hospitalized patients from the department of nephrology in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital during May 2009 and May 2019. <strong>Results: </strong>Among the 27 patients with falls, people over 65 years old accounted for 55.56%;74.07% of the patients had caregivers;the peak period of falls was from June to August, accounting for 40.74%, mainly occurring from 7:00 to 8:00, 12:00 to 13:30 and 19:00 to 21:00;the locations of falls were mostly near the bed and in the bathroom, accounting for 33.33% and 22.22%, respectively;suffering from anemia, hypoproteinemia, abnormal serum potassium, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders accompanied by abnormal parathyroid hormone and hypertension accounted for 88.89%, 85.19%, 29.63%, 96.30% and 81.48% respectively. The inpatients on dialysis therapy accounted for 66.67%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients with CKD was not only related to age, caregivers, time, months, locations or other conventional factors, but also the complications and dialysis therapies. To effectively reduce the occurrence of falls, it’s necessary to enhance the sense of safety and responsibility of caregivers. Besides, nurses should strengthen the inspection of wards for inpatients engaging in some intensive activities, and nurses should also pay more attention to the inpatients with anemia, hypoproteinemia, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders and those on dialysis therapies.
基金Supported by National Soft Science Plan Research Project in 2013,China(2013GXS4B092)
文摘For the main meteorological disasters and their characteristics in big cities of China,from city planning,laws and regulations,disaster management,contingency plan implementation,monitoring and early warning,information spreading,disaster insurance,science propaganda and so on,we put forward the suggestion of strengthening non-engineering countermeasures of meteorological disaster prevention in large cities of China,providing decision-making reference for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.
文摘Along with the deepening of the reform and opening-up policy and the entering of the WTO,international exchange of economy and culture has become more and more frequent,Internet has become an indispensable part of our life,its rapid development brings great convenience to us,and all of the computers will be connected by Internet in the 21 century,thus the meaning of information security has changed substantially.It not only changes from a general guarding to a common defence,but from a specific field to a public subject as well.However,the opening and sharing of the Internet resource,unefficient supervision as well as various virus make people's information and belongings being in an extremely dangerous environment.The fight between hackers and anti-hackers,destruction and anti-destruction has already affected the stable running of the network and users' legal right,caused great economy damages and it could also threat our country's security.So a right understanding and in-time measures should be paid special attention to.The thesis firstly expatiates the current state of the network security and its importance,and discusses some major factors and threats that affect the network security.And the thesis also introduce some catalogues of the security techniques,some relevant information and their major characters,besides that,I enumerate some popular and effective methods of protecting our network,including the widely used firewall,and the meticulous techniques such as security scan techniques and techniques of intrusion detection.Lastly,some protective measures are stated.
文摘The prolongation of life expectancy and the drastic reduction of fertility rate are the primary cause of an agingworld. It is projected that the elderly (above 65) will increase within the next 25 years by 82% , whereas the new bornonly by 3% . Despite the enormous medical progress during the past few decades, the last years of life are still accom-panied by increasing ill health and disability. The ability to maintain active and independent living for as long as possi-ble is a crucial factor for aging in health and dignity. Therefore, the promotion of healthy aging and the prevention ofdisability in men, must assume a central role in medical research and medical practice as well as in the formulation ofnational health and social policies. Effective programs promoting health and aging will ensure a more efficient use ofhealth and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent andproductive. The most important and drastic gender differences in aging are related to organs and or systems dependantor influenced by reproductive hormones. In distinction to the course of reproductive aging in women, with the rapid de-cline in sex hormones and expressed by the cessation of menses, aging men experience a slow and continuous decline ofhormones. This decline in endocrine function involves; A decrease of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),oestrogens, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), andmelatonin. This decrease is concomitant with an increase of LH and FSH. In addition sex hormone binding globulin's(SHBG) increase with age resulting in further lowering the concentrations of free biologically active androgens. Inter-ventions such as hormone replacement therapy may prevent, delay or alleviate the debilitating conditions which may re-sult from secondary partial endocrine deficiency. Primary and secondary preventive strategies such as the promotion of asafe environment, healthy lifestyle including proper nutrition, appropriate exercise, avoidance of smoking, avoidanceof drug and alcohol abuses, if done effectively, should result in a significant reduction of the health and social costs,reduce pain and suffering, increase the quality of life of the elderly and enable them to remain productive and contributeto the well-being of society. In light of this, public awareness of medical knowledge needs to be increased and basic,clinical, socio-economic and epidemiological research intensified. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3; 161 - 168)