Prevention and Control of Rural Environmental Pollution Based on Rural Revitalization Strategy

In 2018,the rural revitalization strategy proposed by the No. 1 Document of the central government. Based on the current situation of rural environmental pollution in China,this paper explored the relationship between rural revitalization strategy and prevention and control of rural environmental pollution. On this basis,it analyzed the causes of serious rural environmental pollution in China,Finally,it came up with recommendations including establishing a sound rural environmental governance system,making diversified capital investment for nurturing " green farmers".

Study on the Control Model of Rural Non-point Source Pollution——Taking Ninghe County in Tianjin as an Example

[Objective] The aim was to study the control model of rural non-point source pollution.[Method] Taking Ninghe County(a typical agricultural county in Tianjin) as an example,the current development of local economy and society and characteristics of rural non-point source pollution were studied firstly,then the control model of rural non-point source pollution suitable for Ninghe County was constructed,and its environmental and economic benefits were analyzed finally.[Result] According to the sources of non-point source pollution,the control model of rural non-point source pollution in Ninghe County was divided into three modules from the aspects of planting industry,livestock raising industry and rural living.The main content of non-point source pollution control module of planting industry was composed of rational utilization of chemicals,water-saving irrigation,diversified utilization of straw etc.Non-point source pollution control module of livestock raising industry focused on the site selection of farm or raising zones,choice of raising mode,comprehensive utilization of livestock waste etc.In the non-point source pollution control module of rural living,villages were divided into two types(small town and ecological village) based on various geographical positions.In a word,these three modules were interrelated and targeted for non-point source pollution control in villages under different development situations.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the rural non-point source pollution control in Hai River basin and other regions of Northern China.

Thoughts on Energy Solutions to Alleviation of Air Pollution during the Heating Period in Key Areas

Since the implementation of the Action Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control , all regions of China have steadily promoted the prevention and control of air pollution and achieved results continuously. However, the atmospheric environment in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region, and Fenwei Plain is still severe, and especially during the heating period heavy pollution occurs frequently, which has become the focus and difficulty of improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and is also the weakest link of China s air pollution control at present. How to alleviate air pollution, how to win the battle of pollution prevention and control, how to hold the fruits of the blue sky defense war, energy consumption is key.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Socio-economic Growth in China

Air pollution is a hot issue studied by scholars all over the world.Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth,unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main"culprits"of serious air pollution in China.Therefore,the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities.Through literature research and summary methods,this paper studies the severity and harmfulness of air pollution in China,and deeply studies the research progress of socio-economic influencing factors of air pollution,environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis of air pollution,decoupling relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth,so as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of air pollution.

Particulate matter trends and quantification of the spring sand-dust contribution in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,from 2013 to 2017

2013年9月国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》.研究其实施前后呼和浩特市大气污染物浓度变化及及原因;同时,分析了春季沙尘天气对于呼和浩特市大气环境颗粒物浓度的定量影响.结果表明:呼和浩特市大气环境质量持续改善,但大气污染物浓度仍然较高.PM_(2.5)和PM10年均浓度分别超过国家二级标准22.9%和35.7%;2013-2017年春季PM_(2.5)和PM10浓度降幅较大,沙尘天气对呼和浩特市PM_(2.5),PM10,和TSP浓度的绝对贡献范围分别在0.6-5.2μg m^(-3),9.0-16.9μg m^(-3)和14.7-30.0μg m^(-3).

Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China

China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions.

An assessment of China's joint prevention and control policy on sulfur dioxide emissions reduction:A spatial econometric analysis

Sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))is a typical pollutant that affects human health,climate,and environmental and ecological conditions.China has been experiencing high concentrations of SO_(2),particularly in urban areas,since the 1990s.In 2010,a"joint prevention and control"(JPC)policy was issued to address air pollution problems and strengthen the regulation of SO_(2)emissions.This study aimed to describe the mitigation effects of this policy on SO_(2)emissions in 116 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2017.We applied global and local Moran's I indices to confirm the presence of significant spatial autocorrelation in SO_(2)emissions and constructed four spatial models to assess the effect of the JPC policy in reducing SO_(2)emissions and its transmission mechanism.We found that the policy decreased SO_(2)emissions by 1.89×10^(4)tons,S0_(2)intensity by 1.70 tons per km^(2),and S0_(2)per capita of 158.49 tons per 10,000 people in each city,on average,all of which are significant changes.The empirical results also show that population growth,economic structure,and environmental protection significantly decrease SO_(2)emissions.Finally,we recommended policies to encourage regional cooperation under the JPC policy,with the aim of promoting furtherreductions in SO_(2)emissions.

中国大气污染防治政策与空气污染治理——基于城市级面板数据的实证研究

2013年颁布实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》是我国首个针对环境突出问题开展综合治理的行动计划;为巩固治理效果,应对动态变化的环境问题,2018年国务院进一步发布了《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》。研究利用中国258个城市2013年1月至2020年9月日度空气污染数据,实证检验了上述两阶段政策对空气质量的影响,并从不同污染物治理效果、时间和区域异质性等角度分析了政策效应的差异。结果指出:第一,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”均显著降低了AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO;第二,相比“大气十条”,“蓝天保卫战”对NO_(2)的减排效应更高,且实现对O_(3)的协同治理;第三,“大气十条”和“蓝天保卫战”对各污染物的减排效应因供暖时期、地区能源资源禀赋呈现出较强的异质性特征。

“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策的实施效果研究

推动减污降碳协同增效是深入打好污染防治攻坚战,实现碳达峰的必然要求。将《大气污染防治行动计划》和《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》视为一个连贯政策,运用渐进双重差分法探究了于2015和2018年提出的“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策实施效果。研究表明:“大气污染物和温室气体协同控制”政策显著提高了“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放强度协同度和“PM-CO_(2)”排放量(强度)协同度,但该政策对“SO_(2)-CO_(2)”排放量协同度无显著影响。机制分析表明,提升政府监管水平、弱化政企关系以及增强企业绿色创新是政策的主要传导机制。异质性分析表明,政策效果在不同能耗水平的城市中具有显著差异,比起高污染上市公司,高耗能中小企业在污染物和CO_(2)的协同减排措施上仍存在较大改善空间。研究结论对我国优化“持续深入打好蓝天保卫战”相关政策提供启示。

西北黄土高原葡萄产区积雨节氮面源污染防控技术

西北黄土高原地表水资源贫乏,制约着葡萄产业的高质量可持续发展,氮肥过度施用,导致农业面源污染风险突出。为此,文章分析了西北黄土高原葡萄产区降雨和施肥的现状,并依据产区氮沉降情况,研发集成了西北黄土高原葡萄产区积雨节氮面源污染防控技术。3年相关数据分析结果表明,该技术3年累计可节水73430m^(3),累计减少尿素施用量130.5~1434.6kg,可显著减少因氮肥过量施用引起的面源污染风险,减少葡萄园生产成本。该技术在节水节氮、农业面源污染防控方面效果明显,可在整个西北黄土高原区推广应用。

城乡环境正义实现的法律进路

随着农村居民生活水平的显著提高,城乡环境差距加大,新时代下农村居民对农村污染防治提出了更高的要求和期许。因此,厘清“环境正义”的内涵,破解农村污染防治法律体系,建设中国乡村生态文明困境迫在眉睫。本文从权责分配、立法体系、社会治理、司法保障四个层面分析了农村污染中的城乡环境非正义,并通过构建平等的城乡居民权责分配制度、制定完备的农村污染防治法律规则、完善农村污染防治管理体制和管理措施、加大农村居民法律援助投入四个方面以期解决城乡非正义的矛盾。

空气污染物暴露对儿童呼吸系统疾病发生的影响及防治措施分析

目的分析儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的影响及防治措施。方法回顾性选取2022年6月至2023年5月就诊闽清县总医院的儿童呼吸系统疾病患儿300例,分析基本资料,并分析儿童呼吸系统疾病和空气污染物的相关性、儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物的影响达到高峰的时间。结果闽清县空气污染物NO、SO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)年均浓度分别为(29.30±4.10)μg/m^(3)、(38.10±6.56)μg/m^(3)、(61.01±12.80)μg/m^(3)、(61.32±14.85)μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)占主要地位。儿童支气管肺炎、支气管炎、急性扁桃体炎与空气污染物均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。住院患儿每日呼吸系统疾病受到NO的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,SO_(2)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前1 d,PM_(2.5)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院当天,PM_(10)的影响达到高峰的时间为入院前3 d。结论儿童呼吸系统疾病病发受到空气污染物暴露的直接影响,其中对支气管肺炎具有最大的影响,PM_(10)是最常见污染物,住院前3 d其有最大影响效应,临床可以据此采取有针对性的防治措施。

西双版纳州大气污染防治一体化平台建设及应用

云南边境城市近年春夏季污染天气频发,空气质量形势严峻,降低当地生态环境形象及生产生活质量,给当地产业和经济发展带来负面影响。以西双版纳州为例,借助物联网、AI视联网、卫星遥感、时空地理数据服务、移动互联网、大数据挖掘和云端一体化业务协同等先进技术,构建集数据采集、信息提取、智能分析、决策生成和统一指挥为一体的城市大气污染防治一体化平台。通过介绍平台系统架构和功能特点,以及阐述平台在2023年春季大气污染防治中的运用成效,为边境城市构建大气污染防治一体化平台,实现区域大气环境质量精细化管控提供良好的借鉴。

市区大气污染现状及治理对策分析

随着我国城市进程的快速推进,城市人口日益增加,城市空气污染问题日益突出,不仅对人民群众的生命安全造成了极大的威胁,也限制了城市的可持续发展。因此,在这种背景下,以临汾市为例,通过对临汾市空气污染现状及存在问题的进行分析,从优化能源结构、强化工业企业排放监管、加强环境监测能力建设等方面提出了改善临汾市空气污染的若干对策,以期能促进临汾市空气污染防治工作的进一步深入和发展。

济宁市污染源排放调查及大气污染防治对策建议

全国污染源普查是重大的国情调查,文章概况性地分析了济宁市第二次全国污染源普查成果,结合日常工作调研,从大气污染防治角度,提出深化产业结构调整、强化工业炉窑整治、提升工业锅炉治理水平、实施低效治理设施改造、实施水泥焦化超低排放改造等对策和建议,为全面打好污染防治攻坚战提供借鉴。

农村大气污染治理存在的问题研究——以M区L镇为例

在现有政策的推动下,农村经济发展迅速,但同时也带来大气污染等环境问题。农村大气污染治理不仅事关农村居民的生活,也是推进乡村振兴战略的一大举措。研究发现,农村大气污染治理存在的问题有农村居民环保意识薄弱、技术水平和能力有限、执法监管力度不足3个方面,并从提高农村居民环保素养、构建治理大气污染的长效机制、提升治理大气污染专业技术水平3个方面提供推动农村大气污染治理的策略和建议,以期实现农村地区的高质量发展。

我国农村地下水污染评价以及污染防治对策研究

地下水是我国农村地区主要的饮用水源之一,对农业生产和居民生活具有不可替代的重要作用。然而,随着农村工业、畜禽养殖等非点源污染的增加,以及化肥、农药等农业生产活动带来的点源污染,农村地下水面临着日益严重的污染。农村地下水污染已经成为我国环境保护领域的一大难题,对农村经济社会发展和居民健康造成了严重影响,亟待进行深入研究与有效防治。因此,文章旨在深入研究我国农村地下水污染评价与防治对策,探讨农村地下水污染的成因、特点及影响,并提出针对性强、操作性高的污染防治对策和措施,以期为解决我国农村地下水污染问题提供科学指导,促进农村地区生态环境的改善和人民健康的保障。

大气污染防治面临的挑战及措施研究

本文旨在研究大气污染防治面临的挑战及相关措施。文章首先介绍了大气污染的定义和分类,及其对环境和人类健康的影响。接着,分析了我国大气污染防治措施的实施情况。在此基础上,文章进一步探讨了大气污染防治面临的挑战,并提出一些应对挑战的措施。本文旨在促使相关人员深入了解大气污染防治问题,并为未来研究提供思路和参考。

基于区域联防联控的空气污染治理分析

大气污染已经成为现代社会所面临的严重挑战,对人类健康和环境造成了巨大的影响。本研究旨在分析基于区域联防联控的大气污染治理的意义、存在的问题以及相应的优化策略。首先,强调了大气污染治理的重要性和必要性,因为其直接关系到人类的健康和环境的可持续发展。大气污染不仅会导致呼吸系统疾病的增加,还会对大气层和生物多样性产生破坏性的影响。其次,有缺乏跨区域协作机制和规划、缺乏统一的监测和评估体系、污染物排放控制技术不足和资金与人力资源短缺等问题。最后,提出建立跨区域协作机制和规划、统一监测和评估体系、推进先进治理技术的研发和应用和加大财政支持和资源调配力度等优化策略,以确保治理工作能够顺利进行。

大气污染防治面临的挑战和对策研究

近年来,我国经济飞速发展,城市建设规模不断扩大,人们的社会活动也在不断增加,随之的环境污染问题也不断增多,其中最严重的是大气污染。大气污染是指大气中污染物质的浓度达到有害程度,以至破坏生态系统和人类正常生存和发展的条件,对人和物造成危害的现象。其成因有火山爆发、森林灾害等自然因素,以及汽车尾气、工业废气等人为因素两种,尤以后者为甚。目前已知的大气污染物约有100多种,这对人们的正常生产和生活造成了很大影响,进而制约了经济的可持续发展。因此,在大力建设现代化城市的过程中,需要积极有效应对大气污染问题。本文主要分析了大气污染防治面临的挑战,以及影响大气污染防治的主要原因,并提出相关的防治对策,希望能够改善大气污染状况,进一步提高的空气质量。