Overview of Occurrence,Prevention and Control of Panonychus citri in China

In order to further promote the prevention and control research of Panonychus citri and improve its control effect,this paper summarizes the main influencing factors of the outbreak,main control technology and drug resistance of P.citri,and puts forward the research focus and control strategy.

A Review of the Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Their Seizure Control Outcomes

Background: Drug-resistant epilepsy can be defined as the existence of seizures within 6 months, despite adequate therapy regimens with one or more antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy surgery has been the standard therapy to help those patients who suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. The goal of this surgery is to halt or reduce the intensity of seizures. This literature review aims to provide an overview of existing surgical procedures for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and the degree of seizure control they provide based on available literature. Methods: Data were collected from medical journal databases, aggregators, and individual publications. The most used databases were PubMed, Medline and NCBI. Some of the keywords used to search these databases include: “drug resistant epilepsy”, “seizure control”, and “neurosurgery”. Results: Epileptic surgery is divided into resective and non-resective procedures. Studies have shown that a full resection of the epileptogenic brain area increases the probability of seizure eradication, however, the risks of postoperative impairments grow as the resection area is extended. On the other hand, patients who are unsuitable for seizure focus removal by resective surgery, such as those with multifocal seizures or overlapping epileptogenic zone with a functional cortex, may benefit from non-resective surgical options such as Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Responsive Neurostimulation. Conclusion: This literature review discusses the comprehensive treatment of epilepsy, especially the surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. The reviewed studies have shown that epilepsy surgery has promising outcomes in achieving seizure freedom/reducing seizure frequency with minimal adverse effects when performed correctly with the appropriate choice of surgical candidates.

Evaluation and Risk Prevention and Control of Hepatic Injury by Traditional Drugs

My topic is the risk assessment of safety of Chinese materia medica.Next I will take drug-induced hepatic injury as an example.First of all,let us look back at what Chinese materia medica is.What are the real meanings of these 3 words? These 3 words Zi Hua Zi have been said more than BC 500."TCM practitioners are for treatment and medicines," what do you mean? Treatment means to find the cause of the disease and to find the law,while medicine is to find ways and means to cure diseases.

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine Yiqi Huaju Qingli Formula in metabolic syndrome patients with microalbuminuria:a randomized placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND： Microalbuminuria （MAU） is a key component of metabolic syndrome （MetS） and is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy as well. Although routine Western medicine treatments are given to MetS patients to control high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, some patients still experience progressive renal lesions and it is necessary to modify and improve the treatment strategy for MetS patients. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the efficacy of Yiqi Huaju Qingli Herb Formula, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in MetS patients with MAU when it is combined with routine Western medicine treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： Sixty patients with MetS were randomized into the Chinese herbal formula group （CHF, Yiqi Huaju Qingli formula treatment in combination with Western medicine） and control group （placebo in combination with Western medicine）. All treatments were administered for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Urinary microalbumin （MA）, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）, 24-hour total urine protein （24-hTP）, body mass index （BMI）, waist circumference （WC）, waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose （2-hPPG）, glycosylated hemoglobin （HbAlc）, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）, blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, CHF treatment significantly decreased BMI （P〈0.05）, WC （P〈0.01） and WHR （P〈0.01）. Both groups had significant decreases in FPG, 2-hPPG, HbAlc, HOMA-IR, MA, and UACR, with CHF treatment showing better effects on these parameters compared with the control treatment （P〈0.05）. Both treatments significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol （TAG）, and a greater reduction in TAG was observed with CHF treatment （P〈0.05）. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change in the control group after treatment （P〉0.05）, whereas it significantly increased with CHF treatment （P〈0.01）. Compared with before the treatment, significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were observed in both groups （P〈0.01）. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Combined treatment ofYiqi Huaju Qingli Formula and Western medicine significantly alleviated MAU, which may correlate with the improvement of insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER： This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the identifier ChiCTR-TRC-11001633.

Control Effects of Combination of Plant Induced Resistant Agents against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

[ Objective] The paper was explore the control effects of combination of plant induced resistant agents against tobacco mosaic vires （TMV）. [ Method ] The control effects of 6 different combinations of plant induced resistant agents against TMV of flue-cured tobacco cultivar HangDa were studied under the environ- ment of simulated disease nursery. [ Result] The combination of 2 induced agents polypeptide-agent and 3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole （AHO） had good control effect against TMV, which could obviously delay the incidence time of TMV in infected tobacco plants. With water and Duxiao as control, their average control effects against TMV of tobacco plants during field period reached 69.64% and 43.25% after transplanting for 70 d. They also showed significant superiority accord- ing to Duncan＇s test （p = 0.05 ） in the aspects of plant height and leaf number, and the growth and development condition of leaves was good. Tobacco seedlings carrying TMV virus had no direct correlation with whether the symptoms performed, the seedlings carrying virus would perform symptom only when the incidence condition was suitable. The peak period for the incidence of TMV in seedlings carrying virus was during 19 d after transplanting. Spraying effective agents during nursery stage and field period, as well as promoting quick growth at the initial stage of tobacco seedlings after transplanting were the key measures to control its inci- dence. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for preparing the control measures against TMV.

The value of postoperative hepatic regional chemotherapy in prevention of recurrence after radical resection of primary liver cancer

INTRODUCTIONIn China,primary liver cancer (PLC) ranks secondin cancer mortality since the 1990s.In the field ofPLC treatment,surgical resection remains the best,which includes large PLC resection,small PLCresection,re-resection of subclinical recurrence,aswell as cytoreduction and sequential resection forunresectable PLC.However,recurrence

Recent insights for the emerging COVID-19:Drug discovery,therapeutic options and vaccine development

SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as a highly pathogenic coronavirus of COVID-19 disease into the human population,causing over 5.5 million confirmed cases worldwide.As COVID-19 has posed a global threat with significant human casualties and severe economic losses,there is a pressing demand to further understand the current situation and develop rational strategies to contain the drastic spread of the virus.Although there are no specific antiviral therapies that have proven effective in randomized clinical trials,currently,the rapid detection technology along with several promising therapeutics for COVID-19 have mitigated its drastic transmission.Besides,global institutions and corporations have commenced to parse out effective vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19.Herein,the present review will give exhaustive details of extensive researches concerning the drug discovery and therapeutic options for COVID-19 as well as some insightful discussions of the status of COVID-19.

Clinical efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi decoction(补中益气汤)in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia with multi-drug resistant bacteria:a prospective,randomized,multicenter controlled trial

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Buzhong Yiqi decoction(补中益气汤,BZYQ)in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)with multi-drug-resistant bacteria(MDRB).METHODS:This 28-day study was conducted at 5 clinical centers in Shanghai.The eligible patients were randomly assigned(1∶1)into the intervention group(BZYQ plus conventional Western Medicine therapy)and control group(conventional Western Medicine therapy).The primary outcomes were the clinical response,clinical pulmonary infection score(CPIS),and microbiologic response.The secondary outcomes were the 28-day allcause mortality(ACM),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,ventilator weaning rate,length of mechanical ventilation(MV),length of hospital stay,and changes of infection indicators.RESULTS:Altogether 83 subjects in the intervention group and 85 subjects in the control group were analyzed.The clinical success rate(48.2%)and the pathogen eradication rate(59.0%)of the intervention group were all better than those of the control group(32.9%and 38.9%,respectively)with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The CPIS score of the intervention group(8.9±1.7)was lower than that of the control group(9.6±2.5)(P<0.05).The length of MV in the intervention group[(13.7±6.4)d]was significantly shorter than that of the control group[(17.2±7.2)d](P<0.05).The 28-day ACM of the intervention group(13.33%)was lower than that of the control group(21.2%)with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The differences between two groups in ventilator weaning rate,length of hospital stay,and APACHEⅡscore were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The intervention group displayed decreases in white blood cell count,C-reactive protein,neutrophil percentage,and procalcitonin at day 28 compared with baseline(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group during the 28-day follow-up.CONCLUSION:BZYQ may be an effective therapeutic option for the management of HAP with MDRB.

A pilot study on prevalence and cure rate of tuberculosis in selected areas of Malabar 2006-07.

Objective:To study the prevalence and cure rate of tuberculosis(TB) and the people affected by TB in selected areas,considering different factors like age,sex,percentage of people affected,dosage forms,role of hospitals, and patient category.Methods:A detailed survey was carried out in and around Perinthalmanna and Wayanad(Urban and Rural) to understand the burden and overall trend of TB in our locality and how effective our TB control programme.More than 250 treatment cards were collected from the Government hospitals and TB Sanatorium.Results:In the study,at Perinthalmanna and Wayanad,out of 250 TB patients it was found that males is more susceptible than females,rural area accounting for the greater proportion of TB patients. Greater proportion were affected with pulmonary than extra pulmonary Tuberculosis.The incidence of tuberculosis in different age groups varied according to the area.Half proportion in both rural and urban areas were belonging to categoryⅡfollowed by categoryⅢ.Conclusion:The nature and magnitude of TB is more in rural area than urban area mainly because of the lack of awareness of the severity of disease and improper follow up of preventive measures.Our study suggests that the combined and committed efforts of government,non government organizations,medical and paramedical professional and society is required at large,to reach all patients and ensure that they receive high quality care.

Bacterial contamination of orally-consumed crude herbal remedies:A potential source for multi-drug resistant pathogens in man

Objective:The acceptability of herbal remedies for alleviating discomforts and ill-health has become very popular, on the account of the increasing cost of allopathic medicine for personal health maintenance.The observable non-adherence of herbalists to the established World Health Organization(WHO) / National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control(NAFDAC) regulations for the quality control of herbal medicines is an issue for concern.In view of this,34 popular and widely consumed crude herbal remedies in southwestern,Nigeria were screened for compliance with standard limits for bacterial contamination,bacteria flora and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods:Isolates recovered from samples were identified using the cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics.They were also tested for drug sensitivity using standard procedures. Results:A heavy bacteria load ranging from 3.00×10~3-9.58×10~5 CFU/ML and 1.20×10~5- 5.41×10~5 CFU/ML was observed for water and spirit extracted preparations respectively.The bacteria flora cum contaminants were:Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,streptococcus,Shigella, Neisseria,Arthrobacter,Kurthia and Clostridium species.All the isolates were multi-drug resistant(MDR) strains.Conclusion:The crude herbal preparations consumed in Nigeria failed to comply with the internationally recognized standards regarding bacteria load and flora.The presence of MDR pathogens is of greatest concern. It poses a great risk to consumers health and could be a source of introducing MDR organisms into the human population.There is the need for the enforcement of established guidelines to ensure the safety of these preparations.

感染预防控制与抗菌药物管理协同降低细菌耐药水平的临床实践

目的探讨医疗机构应用感染预防控制(IPC)与抗菌药物管理(AMS)的协同模式降低细菌耐药水平的效果。方法收集某院2015年1月1日—2022年12月31日所有住院患者医院感染管理、抗菌药物相关指标及多重耐药菌(MDRO)检出率,评估IPC联合AMS协同模式的效果。结果与2015—2016年比较,2021—2022年MDRO医院感染发病率从0.22%下降至0.16%(P<0.05),住院患者抗菌药物使用强度从48.48下降至42.17,抗菌药物使用率从49.45%下降至45.21%(P<0.05);Ⅰ类切口手术预防性抗菌药物使用率从48.62%下降至33.13%(P<0.05);与2017—2018年比较,2021—2022年抗菌药物治疗前病原学送检率从60.73%上升至72.18%(P<0.05)。与2015—2016年比较,2021—2022年除耐万古霉素粪肠球菌检出率略有上升,其余各类常见MDRO检出率均下降,尤其是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌、产广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌、产广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌、耐氟喹诺酮类大肠埃希菌,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论采取IPC与AMS的协同模式,可有效促进抗菌药物合理使用,减少MDRO的产生和传播,降低细菌耐药。

无乳链球菌的致病因子及其防治策略

[背景]无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)作为条件致病菌,能引起新生儿、老年人等免疫力较低人群感染致病甚至死亡,对其致病因子的研究可提供新的防治思路.[进展]无乳链球菌能产生毒素、胞外多糖、黏附蛋白等来帮助自身在宿主中定植,逃避免疫杀伤,进而导致疾病的发生发展.目前针对无乳链球菌的防治主要是抗生素干预,但滥用抗生素带来的细菌耐药性问题不容忽视,对该菌的检测方法也受到检测速度、灵敏度、成本等限制,因此目前针对无乳链球菌感染的防治方法依然有限.现阶段针对无乳链球菌致病因子及其耐药性的研究已被大量报道,本文对这些研究进行归纳总结,并阐述无乳链球菌防治方法的新探索及其进展.[展望]上述进展为科研人员后续深入研究无乳链球菌并开发相应防治措施提供了理论基础.但目前对无乳链球菌的了解只是冰山一角,而且在检测手段上还缺乏高效、灵敏的方法.未来对无乳链球菌与宿主的作用靶点、检测方法开展深入研究,有望找到特异性防治无乳链球菌感染的药物,降低无乳链球菌带来的危害.

分子生物学方法在提高综合医院传染性肺结核发现率中的作用

目的 了解综合医院使用Xpert技术诊断传染性肺结核和耐药肺结核的现状和问题,以便更好地发挥综合医院在肺结核发现中的前哨作用。方法 采用自身前后对照的研究方法,对比分析综合医院使用Xpert检查和未使用Xpert检查患者2组之间的病原学阳性患者比例、利福平耐药肺结核患者发现、肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核患者诊断时间等指标。共有171例肺结核患者纳入本次研究,其中研究组为使用Xpert检查的52例患者,对照组为未使用Xpert检查的119例患者。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验(Fisher精确检验)分析组间差异。结果 研究组中综合医院诊断的病原阳性肺结核比例(41/52,78.85%)明显高于对照组(65/119,54.62%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组中综合医院诊断的疑似病例比例(2/52,3.85%)明显低于对照组(24/119,20.17%)。研究组中肺结核诊断时间为1 d,明显短于对照组(4 d)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组共有3例利福平耐药肺结核患者,在综合医院就诊时全部得到明确诊断,利福平耐药诊断时间为1 d;对照组中有1例利福平耐药患者,综合医院未能发现。研究组同时接受痰涂片和Xpert检查的52例患者中,Xpert检出结核分枝杆菌比例(40/52,76.92%)明显高于痰涂片检查(25/52,48.07%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Xpert技术能够显著提高肺结核病的诊断率、早期发现传染性肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核患者,建议将其纳入医保报销范围,加快在综合医院推广应用。

全院性医院感染防控文化活动作用评价

目的为评价全院性的感控文化建设在医院感染防控中的作用。方法回顾性分析2021—2023年某肿瘤专科医院举办的个人防护用品操作视频大赛、“手卫生之星”活动、“火眼金睛”——图说感控活动、感控微视频大赛等全院性感控文化相关活动,并统计2020—2023年各项院感监测指标变化情况,评价活动效果。结果2023年院感防控监测指标均较2021年有显著提升。其中,手卫生依从率从84.13%提高至94.46%,医院感染发生率由1.53%降低至0.70%,多重耐药菌感染率由0.21%降低至0.11%,多重耐药菌防控措施正确实施率由52.50%提高至88.19%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);个人防护用品穿脱考核通过3000余人次。结论适当举行全院性的感控宣传活动,能有效提高医院感染防控能力。

某妇幼专科医院儿童血液病医院血流感染相关危险因素及病原菌分析

目的对儿童血液病医院血流感染相关危险因素及病原菌分布情况进行分析,为临床风险识别及早期干预提供理论依据,进一步减少儿童血液病患儿医院血流感染的发生。方法采取病历调阅结合院感实时监控系统的方式,调查2018年1月至2022年12月期间该院收治血液病住院患儿共5259例。结果医院血流感染95例,感染率1.81%;血管导管相关血流感染5例(5.26%)。革兰氏阳性菌48株(50.53%),主要为草绿色链球菌及表皮葡萄球菌;革兰氏阴性菌45株(47.37%),主要为大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌;真菌2株(2.10%),均为白色假丝酵母菌。革兰氏阴性菌占比呈现逐渐增加的趋势。95株病原菌中,多重耐药菌40株(42.11%)。恶性血液病、骨髓抑制、输血、中心静脉置管及住院时间>7 d是儿童血液病患儿发生医院血流感染的危险因素。结论应对儿童血液病患儿医院血流感染危险因素、病原菌类型及耐药情况进行实时监控、早期识别及风险评估;根据风险评估结果,采取合适及有效的感染防控措施,预防医院血流感染发生。

医院多重耐药菌的消毒剂抗性研究进展及其消毒隔离防控

医院感染的病原体中多重耐药菌已逐渐成为医院感染的重要病原菌。多重耐药菌的感染不仅给患者带来痛苦和经济负担,增加医务人员的工作量和临床治疗的难度,还给医务人员及健康人群构成传播和感染风险,造成不良的社会影响。如何降低多重耐药菌的传播和感染风险成为医院感染管理的一大难题。多重耐药菌的防控主要措施包括抗菌药物管理、环境清洁消毒和物品消毒灭菌、规范诊疗等内容,但近年来研究显示,多重耐药菌对常用消毒剂产生了抗性,增加了消毒的难度。文章通过对医院多重耐药菌对消毒剂的抗性研究新进展,及其消毒隔离防控措施进行综述,为医院多重耐药菌的消毒隔离防控措施制定提供借鉴。

In situ-prepared homogeneous supramolecular organic framework drug delivery systems(sof-DDSs)：Overcoming cancer multidrug resistance and controlled release

Water-soluble three-dimensional porous supramolecular organic frameworks（SOFs） have been demonstrated as a new generation of homogeneous polycationic platforms for anti-cancer drug delivery.The new SOF drug delivery systems（sof-DDSs） can adsorb dianionic pemetrexed（PMX）,a clinically used chemotherapeutic agent instantaneously upon dissolving in water,which is driven by both electrostatic attraction and hydrophobicity.The in situ-prepared PMX@SOFs are highly stable and can avoid important release of the drug during plasm circulation and overcome the multidrug resistance of human breast MCF-7/Adr cancer cells to enter the cancer cells.Acidic microenvironment of cancer cells promotes the release of the drug in cancer cells.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that sofDDSs considerably improve the treatment efficacy of PMX,leading to 6-12-fold reduction of the IC50 values,as compared with that of PMX alone.The new drug delivery strategy omits the loading process required by most of reported nanoparticle-based delivery systems and thus holds promise for future development of low-cost drug delivery systems

考虑负摩阻力的桩基设计研究

以广东省广州市南沙区的房屋建筑工程为例,对复杂地质情况下桩周负摩阻力的桩基设计进行研究,详细分析了桩侧阻力的计算方法、桩基静载试验检测要点,探讨了桩侧阻力成因和影响因素,并提出负摩阻力防治措施。经过在复杂地质条件下的工程应用,表明本工程所提出的方案具有良好的实践效果,证明未能正确考虑桩周负摩阻力的桩基设计存在较大的安全风险,必须全面掌握桩周负摩阻力的成因、计算方法,有效进行桩基静载试验检测,采取有效的防治措施,才能确保桩基设计的安全和良好的经济效益。

畜禽产品中兽药残留的危害及防控策略

随着畜禽动物养殖集约化、规模化的发展,畜禽产品的生产量、销售量也逐年增长,畜禽产品中兽药残留问题已成为全社会广泛关注的热点问题。畜禽动物养殖过程中,兽药是重要投入品,主要用来预防、治疗动物疾病。如若兽药使用不合理易造成畜禽产品中兽药残留,会直接影响畜禽产品质量安全和生态健康,进而可能会威胁到消费者的人体健康。基于此,文章综述了兽药残留的危害,兽药残留产生的主要原因以及兽药残留防控策略,为保障畜禽产品质量安全提供技术支持。

我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药情况及防控研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌是导致奶牛乳腺炎的常见病因之一,而使用抗生素是预防和治疗其感染的唯一有效方法。但是,在长期面对抗生素的选择压力下,金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物产生了耐药性,也使动物成为耐药基因的储存库,对食品安全和人类健康构成威胁。通过分析国内牛源金黄色葡萄球菌相关研究发现:我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率不断提高,多重耐药程度不断加重,尤其北方高纬度地区面临更为严峻的耐药形势;我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌具有丰富的分子流行特征,其中ST9、ST97、ST398为优势分型且分布广泛,MRSA SCCmecⅫ、SCCmecⅢ和SCCmecⅣ3种分型近年来呈现扩散分布趋势;为解决金黄色葡萄球菌耐药问题,国内正在研究中药制剂、噬菌体、益生菌、抗菌肽等4种抗生素代替方法,这些制剂具有较好的开发前景。本文综述了我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况以及防控技术研究进展,可为牛源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药防治提供参考。